| Election Name: | 1877 Wisconsin gubernatorial election |
| Country: | Wisconsin |
| Flag Year: | 1866 |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1875 Wisconsin gubernatorial election |
| Previous Year: | 1875 |
| Next Election: | 1879 Wisconsin gubernatorial election |
| Next Year: | 1879 |
| Election Date: | November 6, 1877 |
| Nominee1: | William E. Smith |
| Party1: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 78,759 |
| Percentage1: | 44.22% |
| Nominee2: | James A. Mallory |
| Party2: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote2: | 70,486 |
| Percentage2: | 39.57% |
| Nominee3: | Edward Phelps Allis |
| Party3: | Greenback Party |
| Popular Vote3: | 26,216 |
| Percentage3: | 14.72% |
| Map Size: | 250px |
| Governor | |
| Before Election: | Harrison Ludington |
| Before Party: | Republican Party (United States) |
| After Election: | William E. Smith |
| After Party: | Republican Party (United States) |
The 1877 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1877. Under internal party pressure, incumbent Republican Governor Harrison Ludington, who had barely won the 1875 election, was pressured to not seek a second term. Former State Assembly Speaker William E. Smith, a longtime figure in Wisconsin politics, was selected as the Republican nominee, and Milwaukee County Municipal Judge Thomas A. Mallory won a protracted battle for the nomination at the Democratic convention. Smith and Mallory were joined in the general election by Greenback nominee Edward Phelps Allis. Ultimately, though the Republican vote share shrunk relative to 1875, the Democratic vote share shrunk more, and Smith won a larger victory than Ludington did, though only with a 44% plurality.
The Republican convention was significantly less drawn-out than the Democratic convention, with most of the drama over the nomination occurring in the months before. Significant opposition developed in the Republican Party to the possible nomination of Governor Ludington for re-election, and former State Assembly Speaker William E. Smith, Ludington's opponent for the nomination two years earlier, emerging as a leading candidate. Smith's supporters produced a letter written from Ludington to Smith during the 1875 Republican convention, which thanked Smith for withdrawing from the race and promised to step aside for Smith in 1877:
Ultimately, under significant pressure from the state Republican establishment, Ludington announced that he would not seek a second term.[1] At the Republican convention in September, Smith took an early lead on the informal ballot of the delegates and then was nominated unanimously.[2]
At the Democratic convention, several candidates entered the contest as apparent frontrunners: former State Senator Nicholas D. Fratt, Lieutenant Governor Charles D. Parker, State Senator Romanzo E. Davis,[3] and State Prison Commissioner H. N. Smith.[4] At the convention, a number of candidates were nominated, though some immediately made it clear that they would decline any nomination:[5]
The contest took five ballots to decide. On the first ballot, Fratt took an early lead, with Parker and Davis immediately behind him. After the first ballot, Smith withdrew. On the second ballot, Davis rocketed to first place, with Fratt's and Parker's support starting to decline. Mallory slowly began climbing on the second ballot. On the third ballot, Davis continued to climb, Fratt fell, and Mallory rose to third place over Parker. At this point, the Milwaukee contingent at the convention, eager to stop Parker, a Madisonian from earning the nomination, began to solidify around Mallory as a compromise candidate. On the fourth ballot, Mallory more than doubled his support, Davis continued to climb, and Fratt and Parker both plummeted; after this round of balloting had concluded, Fratt's name was withdrawn. Finally, on the fifth ballot, Mallory won the nomination over Davis handily.[5]
| 1877 Democratic convention ballot | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ballot | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||
| J. A. Mallory | 25 | 32 | 43 | 108 | 146 | ||||||
| N. D. Fratt | 68 | 65 | 55 | 18 | 0 | ||||||
| C. D. Parker | 58 | 41 | 41 | 18 | 0 | ||||||
| R. E. Davis | 49 | 82 | 99 | 95 | 91 | ||||||
| H. N. Smith | 20 | 2 | 0 | 95 | 0 | ||||||
| J. A. Rice | 9 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 0 | ||||||
| L. B. Vilas | 9 | 10 | 7 | 4 | 0 | ||||||
| H. H. Gray | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| W. F. Vilas | 6 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | ||||||
| J. R. Doolittle | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| A. Mitchell | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| N. Dewey | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||