Election Name: | 1876–77 United States House of Representatives elections |
Country: | United States |
Flag Year: | 1867 |
Type: | legislative |
Ongoing: | no |
Previous Election: | 1874–75 United States House of Representatives elections |
Next Election: | 1878–79 United States House of Representatives elections |
Seats For Election: | All 293 seats in the United States House of Representatives |
Majority Seats: | 147 |
Election Date: | June 5, 1876 – March 1877 |
Image1: | Samuel J. Randall - Brady-Handy (cropped).jpg |
Leader1: | Samuel J. Randall |
Party1: | Democratic Party (US) |
Last Election1: | 180 seats |
Seats1: | 155 |
Seat Change1: | 25 |
Popular Vote1: | 4,220,480 |
Percentage1: | 51.27% |
Swing1: | 2.15% |
Leader2: | James A. Garfield |
Party2: | Republican Party (US) |
Last Election2: | 103 seats |
Seats2: | 136 |
Seat Change2: | 33 |
Popular Vote2: | 3,825,311 |
Percentage2: | 46.47% |
Swing2: | 2.09% |
Party4: | Independent (US) |
Last Election4: | 4 seats |
Seats4: | 2 |
Seat Change4: | 2 |
Popular Vote4: | 96,318 |
Percentage4: | 1.17% |
Swing4: | 3.27% |
Speaker | |
Before Election: | Vacancy |
After Election: | Samuel Randall |
Before Party: | Democratic Party (US) |
After Party: | Democratic Party (US) |
Map Size: | 330px |
The 1876–77 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between June 5, 1876, and March 13, 1877. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 45th United States Congress convened on October 15, 1877. The size of the House increased to 293 seats with the addition of the new state of Colorado.
These elections coincided with the (heavily contested) election of President Rutherford B. Hayes and the United States Centennial. Hayes' Republican Party was able to recover from the Democratic Party many of the seats it had lost two years before as the economy improved slightly. However, the Democrats retained a majority and were able to use the disinterest of the people in Republican Reconstruction-led projects to help keep crucial seats. Republican congressional leadership had a difficult time distancing itself from the corruption of the Ulysses S. Grant administration or the legislature's impact on the economy downturn.
157 | 136 | |
Democratic | Republican |
State | Type | Total seats | Democratic | Republican | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seats | Change | Seats | Change | |||||||||
Alabama | District | 8 | 8 | data-sort-value=2 | 2 | 0 | data-sort-value=-2 | 2 | ||||
Arkansas | District | 4 | 4 | data-sort-value=0 | 0 | data-sort-value=0 | ||||||
California | District | 4 | 2 | data-sort-value=-1 | 1 | 2 | data-sort-value=1 | 1 | ||||
Colorado | At-large | 1 | 1 | data-sort-value=1 | 1 | 0 | data-sort-value=-1 | 1 | ||||
Connecticut | District | 4 | 3 | data-sort-value=0 | 1 | data-sort-value=0 | ||||||
Delaware | At-large | 1 | 1 | data-sort-value=0 | 0 | data-sort-value=0 | ||||||
Florida | District | 2 | 2 | data-sort-value=1 | 1 | 0 | data-sort-value=-1 | 1 | ||||
Georgia | District | 9 | 9 | data-sort-value=0 | 0 | data-sort-value=0 | ||||||
Illinois | District | 19 | 8 | data-sort-value=-2 | 2 | 11 | data-sort-value=4 | 4 | ||||
Indiana | District | 13 | 4 | data-sort-value=-4 | 4 | 9 | data-sort-value=4 | 4 | ||||
Iowa | District | 9 | 0 | data-sort-value=-1 | 1 | 9 | data-sort-value=1 | 1 | ||||
Kansas | District | 3 | 0 | data-sort-value=-1 | 1 | 3 | data-sort-value=1 | 1 | ||||
Kentucky | District | 10 | 10 | data-sort-value=1 | 1 | 0 | data-sort-value=-1 | 1 | ||||
Louisiana | District | 6 | 5 | data-sort-value=1 | 1 | 1 | data-sort-value=-1 | 1 | ||||
Maine | District | 5 | 0 | data-sort-value=0 | 5 | data-sort-value=0 | ||||||
Maryland | District | 6 | 6 | data-sort-value=0 | 0 | data-sort-value=0 | ||||||
Massachusetts | District | 11 | 2 | data-sort-value=-1 | 1 | 9 | data-sort-value=4 | 4 | ||||
Michigan | District | 9 | 1 | data-sort-value=-2 | 2 | 8 | data-sort-value=2 | 2 | ||||
Minnesota | District | 3 | 0 | data-sort-value=0 | 3 | data-sort-value=0 | ||||||
Mississippi | District | 6 | 6 | data-sort-value=2 | 2 | 0 | data-sort-value=-2 | 2 | ||||
Missouri | District | 13 | 9 | data-sort-value=-4 | 4 | 4 | data-sort-value=4 | 4 | ||||
Nebraska | At-large | 1 | 0 | data-sort-value=0 | 1 | data-sort-value=0 | ||||||
Nevada | At-large | 1 | 0 | data-sort-value=0 | 1 | data-sort-value=0 | ||||||
New Hampshire | District | 3 | 1 | data-sort-value=-1 | 1 | 2 | data-sort-value=1 | 1 | ||||
New Jersey | District | 7 | 4 | data-sort-value=-1 | 1 | 3 | data-sort-value=1 | 1 | ||||
New York | District | 33 | 16 | data-sort-value=-1 | 1 | 17 | data-sort-value=1 | 1 | ||||
North Carolina | District | 8 | 7 | data-sort-value=0 | 1 | data-sort-value=0 | ||||||
Ohio | District | 20 | 8 | data-sort-value=-5 | 5 | 12 | data-sort-value=5 | 5 | ||||
Oregon | At-large | 1 | 0 | data-sort-value=-1 | 1 | 1 | data-sort-value=1 | 1 | ||||
Pennsylvania | District | 27 | 10 | data-sort-value=-7 | 7 | 17 | data-sort-value=7 | 7 | ||||
Rhode Island | District | 2 | 0 | data-sort-value=0 | 2 | data-sort-value=0 | ||||||
South Carolina | District | 5 | 2 | data-sort-value=2 | 2 | 3 | data-sort-value=-2 | 2 | ||||
Tennessee | District | 10 | 8 | data-sort-value=-1 | 1 | 2 | data-sort-value=1 | 1 | ||||
Texas | District | 6 | 6 | data-sort-value=0 | 0 | data-sort-value=0 | ||||||
Vermont | District | 3 | 0 | data-sort-value=0 | 3 | data-sort-value=0 | ||||||
Virginia | District | 9 | 8 | data-sort-value=0 | 1 | data-sort-value=0 | ||||||
West Virginia | District | 3 | 3 | data-sort-value=0 | 0 | data-sort-value=0 | ||||||
Wisconsin | District | 8 | 3 | data-sort-value=0 | 5 | data-sort-value=0 | ||||||
align=center colspan=2 | Total | 293 | 157 | data-sort-value=-27 | 27 | 136 | data-sort-value=31 | 31 |
The previous election included 4 Independents, in Illinois and Massachusetts.
In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform nationwide date for choosing Presidential electors.[1] This law did not affect election dates for Congress, which remained within the jurisdiction of State governments, but over time, the states moved their congressional elections to this date as well. In 1876–77, there were still 8 states with earlier election dates, and 1 state with a later election date.
Elections before Election Day (United States):
Standard Election Day:
Election after Election Day:
District | Incumbent | This race | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |||||
Henry H. Starkweather | Republican | 1867 | Incumbent died January 28, 1876. New member elected April 12, 1876. Republican hold. Winner later re-elected to the next term; see below. | nowrap | |||||
William Henry Barnum | Democratic | 1867 | Incumbent resigned May 18, 1876, when elected U.S. senator. New member elected November 7, 1876. Democratic hold. Winner also elected to the next term; see below. | nowrap | |||||
James G. Blaine | Republican | 1862 | Incumbent resigned July 10, 1876. New member elected September 11, 1876. Republican hold. Winner retired after serving out the remainder of the term. | nowrap |
See also: List of United States representatives from Alabama.
Alabama redistricted and eliminated its at-large seats, going from 6 districts and 2 at-large seats to 8 districts. The state also elected a full delegation of Democrats, voting out the two Republicans.
|-! | Charles Hays
| | Republican| 1872| | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.| nowrap |
|-! | colspan=3 | New district| | New seat.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.| nowrap |
|-! | Jeremiah Norman Williams
| | Democratic| 1874| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap |
|-! | Jeremiah Haralson
| | Republican| 1874| | Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.| nowrap |
|-! | colspan=3 | New district| | New seat.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.| nowrap |
|-! rowspan=2 | | Goldsmith W. Hewitt| | Democratic| 1874| Incumbent re-elected.| rowspan=2 nowrap |
|-| Burwell Boykin Lewis
| | Democratic| 1874| | Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic loss.
|-! rowspan=3 | | William Henry Forney
| | Democratic| 1874| Incumbent re-elected.| rowspan=3 nowrap |
|-| Taul Bradford
| | Democratic| 1874| | Incumbent retired.
Democratic loss.
|-| John H. Caldwell
| | Democratic| 1872| | Incumbent retired.
Democratic loss.
|-! | colspan=3 | New district| | New seat.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.| nowrap |
|}
See also: List of United States representatives from Arkansas.
|-! | Lucien C. Gause| | Democratic| 1874| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap |
|-! | William F. Slemons| | Democratic| 1874| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap |
|-! | William W. Wilshire| | Democratic| 1872
1874
1874| | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Independent Democratic gain.| nowrap |
|-! | Thomas M. Gunter| | Democratic| 1872| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap |
|}
See main article: 1876 United States House of Representatives elections in California.
See also: List of United States representatives from California.
|-! | William Adam Piper| | Democratic| 1875| | Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.| nowrap |
|-! | Horace F. Page| | Republican| 1872| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap |
|-! | John K. Luttrell| | Democratic| 1872| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap |
|-! | Peter D. Wigginton| | Democratic| 1875| | Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.| nowrap |
|}
See also: List of United States representatives from Colorado.
There were two elections to the new state of Colorado.
|-! | colspan=3 | New district| | New seat.
New member elected.
Republican gain.| nowrap |
|}
|-! | James B. Belford| | Republican | 1876| Incumbent re-elected.
Election was later successfully challenged by the challenger.| nowrap |
|}
See also: List of United States representatives from Connecticut.
Connecticut had been electing is members late in the cycle, even after the terms had begun. But starting in 1876, the state joined the others in electing its members on the November 7, 1876 Election Day. The delegation remained 3 Democrats and 1 Republican.
|-! | George M. Landers| | Democratic| 1875| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap |
|-! | James Phelps| | Democratic| 1875| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap |
|-! | John T. Wait| | Republican| 1876 | Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap |
|-! | William Henry Barnum| | Democratic| 1867| | Incumbent resigned May 18, 1876, when elected U.S. senator.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
Winner also elected to finish the current next term.| nowrap |
|}
See also: List of United States representatives from Delaware and 1876 United States Senate election in Delaware.
|-! | James Williams| | Democratic| 1874| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap |
|}
See main article: 1876 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida.
See also: List of United States representatives from Florida.
|-! | William J. Purman| | Republican| 1872| | Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.| nowrap |
|-! | Jesse J. Finley| | Democratic| 1874| | Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.| nowrap |
|}
See also: List of United States representatives from Georgia.
See also: List of United States representatives from Illinois.
See also: List of United States representatives from Indiana.
See also: List of United States representatives from Iowa.
See also: List of United States representatives from Kansas.
See also: List of United States representatives from Kentucky.
See also: List of United States representatives from Louisiana.
See also: List of United States representatives from Maine.
|-! | John H. Burleigh| | Republican| 1872| | Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Republican hold.| nowrap |
|-! | William P. Frye| | Republican| 1870| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap |
|-! | colspan="3"|Vacant| | Rep. James G. Blaine (R) resigned July 10, 1876.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
Concurrent special election held to serve out the unexpired term, the winner of which did not stand for the regular election.| nowrap |
|-! | Harris M. Plaisted| | Republican| 1875 | | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.| nowrap |
|-! | Eugene Hale| | Republican| 1868| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap |
|}
See also: List of United States representatives from Maryland.
See also: List of United States representatives from Massachusetts.
|-! | William W. Crapo| | Republican| 1875 (special)| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap |
|-! | Benjamin W. Harris| | Republican| 1872| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap |
|-! | Henry L. Pierce| | Republican| 1874| |Incumbent retired.
New member elected after initial result overturned.
Democratic gain.| nowrap |
|-! | Josiah Gardner Abbott| | Democratic| 1874| |Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.| nowrap |
|-! | Nathaniel P. Banks| | Republican| 1874| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap |
|-! | Charles Perkins Thompson| | Democratic| 1874| |Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.| nowrap |
|-! | John K. Tarbox| | Democratic| 1874| | Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.| nowrap | |-! | John M. S. Williams| | Democratic| 1874| | Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.| nowrap |
|-! | George F. Hoar| | Republican| 1868| | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senate.
New member elected.
Republican hold.| nowrap |
|-! | Charles A. Stevens| | Republican| 1875 (special)| |Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.| nowrap |
|-! | Chester W. Chapin| | Democratic| 1874| |Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.| nowrap | |}
See also: List of United States representatives from Michigan.
See also: List of United States representatives from Minnesota.
See also: List of United States representatives from Mississippi.
|-! | Lucius Q. C. Lamar| | Democratic| 1872| | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.| nowrap |
|-! | G. Wiley Wells| | Republican| 1874| | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.| nowrap |
|-! | Hernando Money| | Democratic| 1874| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap |
|-! | Otho R. Singleton| | Democratic| 1874| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap |
|-! | Charles E. Hooker| | Democratic| 1874| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap |
|-! | John R. Lynch| | Republican| 1872| | Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.| nowrap |
|}
See also: List of United States representatives from Missouri.
See also: List of United States representatives from Nebraska. |-! | Lorenzo Crounse| | Republican | 1872| | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.| nowrap |
|}
See also: List of United States representatives from Nevada. |-! | William Woodburn| | Republican | 1874| | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.| nowrap |
|}
See also: List of United States representatives from New Hampshire.
See also: List of United States representatives from New Jersey.
See also: List of United States representatives from New York.
See also: List of United States representatives from North Carolina.
See also: List of United States representatives from Ohio.
See also: List of United States representatives from Oregon.
See also: List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania.
See also: List of United States representatives from Rhode Island.
See main article: 1876 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina.
See also: List of United States representatives from South Carolina.
|-! | Joseph Rainey| | Republican| 1870 | Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap |
|-! | Edmund W. M. Mackey| | Independent
Republican| 1874| | Seat declared vacant July 19, 1876, due to contested election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.| nowrap |
|-! | Solomon L. Hoge| | Republican| 1874| | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.| nowrap |
|-! | Alexander S. Wallace| | Republican| 1868| | Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.| nowrap |
|-! | Robert Smalls| | Republican| 1874| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap |
|}
See also: List of United States representatives from Tennessee.
|-! | William McFarland| | Democratic | 1874| |Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.| nowrap |
|-! | Jacob M. Thornburgh| | Republican| 1872| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap |
|-! | George G. Dibrell| | Democratic| 1874| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap |
|-! | Haywood Y. Riddle| | Democratic| 1875 (special)| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap |
|-! | John M. Bright| | Democratic| 1870| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap |
|-! | John F. House| | Democratic| 1874| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap |
|-! | Washington C. Whitthorne| | Democratic| 1870| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap |
|-! | John D. C. Atkins| | Democratic| 1872| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap |
|-! | William P. Caldwell| | Democratic| 1874| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap |
|}
See also: List of United States representatives from Texas.
See also: List of United States representatives from Vermont.
See also: List of United States representatives from Virginia.
See also: List of United States representatives from West Virginia.
|-! | Benjamin Wilson| | Democratic| 1874| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap |
|-! | Charles J. Faulkner| | Democratic| 1874| | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.| nowrap |
|-! | Frank Hereford| | Democratic| 1870| | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.| nowrap |
|}
See also: List of United States representatives from Wisconsin. Wisconsin elected eight members of congress on Election Day, November 7, 1876.[2] [3]
|-! | Charles G. Williams| | Republican| 1872| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap |
|-! | Lucien B. Caswell| | Republican| 1874| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap |
|-! | Henry S. Magoon| | Republican| 1870| | Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Republican hold.| nowrap |
|-! | William Pitt Lynde| | Democratic| 1874| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap |
|-! | Samuel D. Burchard| | Democratic| 1874| | Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.| nowrap |
|-! | Alanson M. Kimball| | Republican| 1874| | Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.| nowrap |
|-! | Jeremiah McLain Rusk| | Republican| 1870| | Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Republican hold.| nowrap |
|-! | George W. Cate| | Democratic| 1874| | Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.| nowrap |
|}
|-!
|-! | Jefferson P. Kidder| | Republican| 1874| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap |
|-! | Stephen S. Fenn| | Democratic| 1874| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap |
|-! | Martin Maginnis| | Democratic| 1872| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap |
|-!
|-!
|-! | William R. Steele| | Democratic| 1872| | Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.| nowrap |
|}