1871 in animation explained

Events in 1871 in animation.

Events

• October 10: Thomas Ross received British Patent 2685 for an improved version of his small transparent phenakistiscope system, which was called Wheel of life. This version of the animation device had 13 images and a single slot shutter disc.^{[1] [2]}
• Specific date unknown: During the Siege of Paris (1870-1871) by the Prussian Army, the inventor René Dagron proposed to the French authorities to use his microfilming process to carry the messages by carrier pigeons across German lines.^{[3] [4]} Dagron photographed pages of newspapers in their entirety which he then converted into miniature photographs. He subsequently removed the collodion film from the glass base and rolled it tightly into a cylindrical shape which he then inserted into miniature tubes that were transported fastened to the tail feathers of the pigeons. Upon receipt the microphotograph was reattached to a glass frame and was then projected by magic lantern on the wall. The message contained in the microfilm could then be transcribed or copied.^[5] By 28 January 1871, when Paris and the Government of National Defense surrendered, Dagron had delivered 115,000 messages to Paris by carrier pigeon.^[6]

Births

September

• September 26 (estimated): Winsor McCay, Canadian-American animator, cartoonist, and vaudeville performer, (pioneered the animation techniques of inbetweening, registration marks, and cycling, directed the animated films Little Nemo, How a Mosquito Operates, Gertie the Dinosaur, The Sinking of the Lusitania, and The Centaurs), (d. 1934).

October

• October 17: Segundo de Chomón, Spanish film director, cinematographer, and screenwriter, (pioneer in the production of trick films, his films relied extensively on animation, a field in which he was a pioneer; he used animation techniques which were seldom used by his main competitor, Georges Méliès. His stop-motion film Sculpteur moderne featured heaps of clay molding themselves into detailed sculptures that were capable of minor movements.) (d. 1929).^{[7] [8] [9] [10]}

Sources

• Book: Bendazzi, Giannalberto . Cartoons: One Hundred Years of Cinema Animation . 1994 . . 978-0-253-31168-9.
• Book: Canemaker, John . John Canemaker . Winsor McCay: His Life and Art . Revised . 2005 . Abrams Books . 978-0-8109-5941-5 .
• Book: Crafton, Donald . Before Mickey: The Animated Film 1898–1928 . 1993 . University of Chicago Press . 9780226116679 .
• News: Syracuse Herald staff. Syracuse Herald. July 27, 1934. 12. Winsor Early Comic Artist, Dies. .

Notes and References

1. Web site: Projection Phenakistoscope 1 . Stephen . Herbert . www.stephenherbert.co.uk . 19 July 2016.
2. Web site: Ross 'Wheel of Life' magic lantern slide . Science Museum Group . London . 4 June 2017.
3. http://www.cyberdriveillinois.com/publications/pdf_publications/fortherecordwinter07.pdf Newsletter of the Illinois State Archives & The Illinois State Historical Records Advory Board
4. http://www.cix.co.uk/~mhayhurst/jdhayhurst/pigeon/pigeon.html The Pigeon Post into Paris 1870 - 1871 by J.D. Hayhurst O.B.E. Prepared in digital format by Mark HayhurstmCopyright ©1970 John Hayhurst
5. https://books.google.com/books?id=VYyldcYfq3MC&dq=microscopic+jewels+stanhope&pg=RA1-PA94 The Focal Encyclopedia of Photography: Digital Imaging, Theory and Applications, History, and Science
6. http://www.srlf.ucla.edu/exhibit/text/Chronology.htm CHRONOLOGY OF MICROFILM DEVELOPMENTS 1800  - 1900
7. http://www.europafilmtreasures.eu/PY/252/see-the-film-ki_ri_ki_-_japanese_acrobats Europa Film Treasures: Les Kiriki, acrobates japonaises
8. Gartenberg Media DVD "Segundo De Chomón (1903–1912): El Cine de la Fantasia" http://www.gartenbergmedia.com/dvd/segundo-de-chomon.html
9. http://www.weirdwildrealm.com/f-segundo-de-chomon.html Paghat the Ratgirl, Wild Realm Review: Films of Segundo de Chomón
10. Web site: El escultor moderno - Vídeo Dailymotion. Dailymotion. 22 April 2008 . en. 2020-02-20.