| 1871 Canadian census | |
| Country: | Dominion of Canada |
| Date: | April 2, 1871 |
| Population: | 3,485,761 |
| Authority: | Department of Agriculture (Census Branch) |
| Website: | (1871) |
| Region Type: | province |
| Most Populous: | Ontario (1,620,851) |
| Least Populous: | New Brunswick (285,594) |
| Next Census: | 1881 Canadian census |
| Next Year: | 1881 |
The 1871 Canadian census marked the first regularly scheduled collection of national statistics of the Canadian population on April 2, 1871,[1] [2] as required by section 8 of the British North America Act.[3] The constitution required a census to be taken in 1871 and every tenth year thereafter.[3] Parliament implemented the requirements of the constitution through the Census Act of May 12, 1870. In the first census, the population of Canada was enumerated to be 3,485,761.[4]
All inhabitants of Canada were included, including aboriginals. While this was the first national census of Canada, only four provinces existed at the time: Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia. Other areas of what later became part of Canada continued to be enumerated in their own separate censuses. The results of the 1871 census, in both English and French, were reported in a five volume set.
The following census was the 1881 census.
The questionnaire was on a variety of subjects and asked 211 questions including area, land holdings, vital statistics, religion, education, administration, the military, justice, agriculture, commerce, industry, and finance. Information was collected in tabular form on population, houses and other buildings, lands, industries, and institutions. The population section included the age, sex, religion, education, race, and occupation of each person, although not every household answered all 211 questions.[5]
As the data were compiled, Statistics Canada released various census data products.
Population of the provinces and territories:[6] [2] [7]
| Province | Males | Females | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nova Scotia | 193,792 | 194,008 | 387,800 |
| New Brunswick | 145,888 | 139,706 | 285,594 |
| 596,041 | 595,475 | 1,191,516 | |
| Ontario | 828,590 | 792,261 | 1,620,851 |
| Canada (official 1871) | 1,764,311 | 1,721,450 | 3,485,761 |
| 25,228 | |||
| 36,247 | |||
| 48,000 | |||
| Total Canada (with estimates) | 1,869,--- | 1,820,--- | 3,689,257 |
Results for religion in 1871 were as follows.[9]
| Religion | Population | Percent (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 6,179 | 0.18 | |
| 494,049 | 14.17 | |
| 239,343 | 6.87 | |
| 2,305 | — | |
| — | — | |
| 21,829 | 0.63 | |
| 4,701 | 0.13 | |
| Friends (Quaker) | 7,345 | — |
| 18 | — | |
| Jews | 1,115 | 0.03 |
| 37,935 | 1.09 | |
| 567,091 | 16.27 | |
| 534 | 0.02 | |
| No religion | 5,146 | 0.15 |
| 1,886 | 0.05 | |
| 2,229 | ||
| 544,998 | 15.63 | |
| 10,146 | 0.29 | |
| 1,492,029 | 42.80 | |
| 2,275 | — | |
| Other sects | 27,553 | — |
| Not given | 17,055 | 0.49 |
| Canada | 3,485,761 | 100.0 |
The figures for 1871 are for the four original provinces (Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia) only.[10]
| Origins | Population | Percent (%) |
|---|---|---|
| European | 3,433,315 | 98.5 |
| 706,369 | 20.3 | |
| 846,414 | 24.3 | |
| 549,946 | 15.8 | |
| Other | 7,773 | 0.2 |
| Totals, British | 2,110,502 | 60.6 |
| 1,082,940 | 31.1 | |
| 29,662 | 0.9 | |
| 202,991 | 5.8 | |
| 1,035 | 0.0 | |
| 607 | 0.0 | |
| 1,623 | 0.0 | |
| 2,962 | 0.1 | |
| Other | 53,441 | 1.5 |
| 125 | — | |
| Native Indian & Inuit (Eskimo) | 23,037 | 0.7 |
| 21,496 | 0.6 | |
| Various | 1,222 | 0.0 |
| Unspecified | 7,561 | 0.2 |
| Canada | 3,485,761 | 100.0 |