1870 in literature explained

This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1870.

Events

• January 19 – Ivan Turgenev attends and writes about the public execution by guillotine of the spree killer Jean-Baptiste Troppmann outside the gates of La Roquette Prisons in Paris.^[1]
• March 7 – Thomas Hardy meets his first wife, Emma Gifford, in Cornwall.^[2]
• March 28 – Serialisation of Kenward Philp's The Bowery Detective in The Fireside Companion (New York) begins, the first known story to include the word detective in the title.
• April–September – The serialisation of Charles Dickens' last novel, The Mystery of Edwin Drood, is left unfinished on his death on June 9 at Gads Hill Place in Kent, from a stroke, aged 58.^[3]
• May – Karl May begins a second four-year prison sentence for thefts and frauds, at Waldheim, Saxony.^[4]
• Spring – Serial publication begins of Aleksis Kivi's only novel Seitsemän veljestä ("Seven Brothers"), the first notable novel in the Finnish language.^[5]
• August 24/25 – Libraries of the University of Strasbourg and the City of Strasbourg at Temple Neuf are destroyed by fire during the Siege of Strasbourg in the Franco-Prussian War, resulting in the loss of 3,446 medieval manuscripts, including the original 12th-century Hortus deliciarum compiled by Herrad of Landsberg, the Apologist codex containing the only text of the early Epistle to Diognetus, and rare Renaissance books.^[6]
• September 17 – The first performance of Alexander Pushkin's play Boris Godunov (1825) is given at the Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg by members of the Alexandrinsky Theatre.
• c. September 20 – Friedrich Engels moves permanently to London from Manchester.^[7]
• December 18 – The Russian literary weekly Niva («Ни́ва», "Cornfield") is first published by Adolf Marks in Saint Petersburg.^[8]
• unknown date – Construction of the David Sassoon Library in Bombay, India, is completed.^[9]

New books

Fiction

• William Harrison Ainsworth - Talbot Harland
• Thomas Bailey Aldrich – The Story of a Bad Boy
• Thomas Archer – The Terrible Sights of London
• Rhoda Broughton – Red as a Rose is She
• Wilkie Collins – Man and Wife
• Annie Denton Cridge - Man's Rights; Or, How Would You Like It? Comprising Dreams
• José Maria de Eça de Queiroz and Ramalho Ortigão – (The Mystery of the Sintra Road)
• Charles Dickens – The Mystery of Edwin Drood
• Benjamin Disraeli – Lothair
• Fyodor Dostoevsky – The Eternal Husband («Вечный муж», Vechny muzh)
• Edward Jenkins – Ginx's Baby: his birth and other misfortunes
• Mór Jókai – Fekete gyémántok (Black Diamonds, i. e. coal)
• Aleksis Kivi – Seitsemän veljestä (Seven Brothers)
• Jonas Lie – Den Fremsynte (The Visionary or Pictures From Nordland)
• George Meredith – The Adventures of Harry Richmond (begins serial publication)
• William Morris – The Earthly Paradise
• Charles Reade - Put Yourself in His Place
• Leopold von Sacher-Masoch – Venus in Furs (Venus im Pelz)
• Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin – The History of a Town («История одного города», Istoriya odnogo goroda)
• Bayard Taylor –
• Anthony Trollope – The Vicar of Bullhampton^[10]
• Ivan Turgenev – Stepnoy korol Lir (Степной король Лир); novella, English translation: King Lear of the Steppes
• Charlotte M. Yonge – The Caged Lion

Children and young people

• John Neal — Great Mysteries and Little Plagues^[11]

Drama

• James Albery – Two Roses
• Ludwig Anzengruber (as L. Gruber) – Der Pfarrer von Kirchfeld (The Priest of Kirchfeld)
• Henry James Byron – Uncle Dick's Darling
• Pietro Cossa – Nero
• Lydia Koidula
  • Maret ja Miina (or Kosjakased; The Betrothal Birches)
  • Saaremaa Onupoeg (The Cousin from Saaremaa)
• Lord Newry – Ecarte
• George Sand and Sarah Bernhardt – L'Autre
• Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy – Tsar Boris («Царь Борис», published)

Poetry

See main article: 1870 in poetry.

• Bret Harte – The Heathen Chinee
• Edward Lear – Nonsense Songs, Stories, Botany, and Alphabets (dated 1871),^[12] including "The Owl and the Pussycat"
• Giovanni Marradi – Canzone moderne
• Dante Gabriel Rossetti – Poems,^[12] including "Jenny" and a fragment of "The House of Life"

Non-fiction

• J. E. Austen-Leigh – A Memoir of Jane Austen
• Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (1st edition)
• Richard William Church – Life of St. Anselm
• Thomas Wentworth Higginson - Army Life in a Black Regiment
• Hargrave Jennings – The Rosicrucians, their Rites and Mysteries
• Henry Maudsley – Body and Mind
• Dadabhai Naoroji – The Wants and Means of India
• William Robinson – The Wild Garden
• Charles Dudley Warner - My Summer in a Garden and Calvin, A Study of Character

Births

• January 3 – Henry Handel Richardson (Ethel Florence Lindesay Richardson), Australian novelist (died 1946)
• February 16 – Henric Streitman, Romanian essayist and journalist (died 1950)^[13]
• March 5 – Frank Norris, American novelist (died 1902)
• April 7 – Gustav Landauer, German philosopher and revolutionary (murdered 1919)
• June 25 – Erskine Childers, Irish novelist (executed 1922)
• July 27 – Hilaire Belloc, French-born English writer, poet and satirist (died 1953)
• October 18 – Petre P. Negulescu, Romanian philosopher (died 1951)
• October 22 (October 10 OS) – Ivan Bunin, Russian-born writer, recipient of Nobel Prize in Literature (died 1953)
• October 29 – Gerald Duckworth, English publisher (died 1937)
• December 17 – Ioan A. Bassarabescu, Romanian short story writer and politician (died 1952)
• December 18 – Saki (Hector Hugh Munro), English short story writer and dramatist (killed in action 1916)^[14]

Deaths

• January 21 – Alexander Herzen, Russian writer (born 1812)
• February 25 – Henrik Hertz, Danish poet (born 1797)
• April 16 – Rallou Karatza, Greek Wallachian translator and theatrical promoter (born 1799)
• April 24 – Louisa Stuart Costello, Irish writer on history and travel (born 1799)
• June 9 – Charles Dickens, English novelist (born 1812)^[15]
• June 11 – William Gilmore Simms, American poet, novelist and historian (born 1806)
• June 24 – Adam Lindsay Gordon, Australian poet (born 1833)^[16]
• July 19 – Benjamin Thorpe, scholar of Old English (born)
• July 20 – Jules de Goncourt, French novelist and critic (syphilis, born 1830)^[17]
• July 24 – Anders Abraham Grafström, Swedish poet and historian (born 1790)
• July 30  - Aasmund Olavsson Vinje, Norwegian journalist and poet (born 1818)^[18]
• September 12 – Fitz Hugh Ludlow, American author and explorer (born 1836)^[19]
• September 23  - Prosper Mérimée, French writer (b. 1803)^[20]
• November 4 – Comte de Lautreamont (Isidore Lucien Ducasse), French poet and writer (born 1846)^[21]
• December 5 – Alexandre Dumas, père, French novelist (born 1802)^[22]

Notes and References

1. .
2. Web site: Emma Gifford . Spartacus Educational . 2013-07-23 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130802043115/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JgiffordEH.htm . 2013-08-02 . dead.
3. Obituary, The Times (London), August 1870.
4. Book: Sonderheft der Karl-May-Gesellschaft. 1972. Karl-May-Gesellschaft. 129.
5. Web site: Aleksis Kivi: Seitsemän veljestä . Jyväskylän yliopisto . 21 August 2020 . 11 August 2024.
6. Web site: History of the BNU . Strasbourg . BNU (Bibliothèque nationale universitaire) . 2014-01-21.
7. Web site: Outstanding Dates . The Life and Work of Karl Marx . 2013-07-23.
8. Book: Jeffrey Brooks. When Russia Learned to Read: Literacy and Popular Literature, 1861-1917. Northwestern University Press. 2003. 111.
9. Book: Govinda Nārāyaṇa Māḍagã̄vakara. Govind Narayan's Mumbai: An Urban Biography from 1863. 2009. Anthem Press. 978-1-84331-305-2. 366.
10. Book: R. H. Super. The Chronicler of Barsetshire: A Life of Anthony Trollope. University of Michigan Press. 1988. 256–57.
11. Book: Sears, Donald A. . John Neal . Twayne Publishers . Boston, Massachusetts . 1978 . 080-5-7723-08 . 120.
12. Book: Cox, Michael . The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature . Oxford University Press . 2004 . 0-19-860634-6 . registration .
13. Arghezi. Tudor. Tudor Arghezi. 75 de ani. Bilete de Papagal. 46. 1945. 1.
14. Book: Ignatius Frederick Clarke. The Great War with Germany, 1890-1914: Fictions and Fantasies of the War-to-come. 1997. Liverpool University Press. 978-0-85323-642-9. 438.
15. Dickens, Charles.
16. Book: Harris, Max . The unknown great Australian and other psychobiographical portraits . Sun Books . Melbourne . 1983 . 9780725104245 . 45.
17. Pages from the Goncourt Journals (2006). NYRB Classics. .
18. Web site: Vinje-Sanger. Store norske leksikon. Norwegian.
19. Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 07.djvu/75 . The Biographical Dictionary of America . 7 . 75 . Rossiter . Johnson . 1906 . Boston . American Biographical Society.
20. Encyclopedia: . Prosper Mérimée.
21. Bachelard, Gaston (1986). "Lautréamont". Dallas Institute.
22. Book: Douglas Munro. Alexandre Dumas Père: A Bibliography of Works Translated Into English to 1910. 1978. Garland Pub.. 978-0-8240-9836-0. 242.