| Election Name: | 1869 Mississippi gubernatorial election |
| Type: | presidential |
| Previous Election: | 1865 Mississippi gubernatorial election |
| Previous Year: | 1865 |
| Next Election: | 1873 Mississippi gubernatorial election |
| Next Year: | 1873 |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Election Date: | November 30, 1869 |
| Nominee1: | James L. Alcorn |
| Party1: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 76,186 |
| Percentage1: | 66.66% |
| Nominee2: | Lewis Dent |
| Party2: | National Union Republican Party |
| Color2: | c154c1 |
| Alliance2: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote2: | 38,097 |
| Percentage2: | 33.34% |
| Map Size: | 150px |
| Governor | |
| Before Election: | Adelbert Ames |
| Before Party: | Republican Party (United States) |
| After Election: | James L. Alcorn |
| After Party: | Republican Party (United States) |
The 1869 Mississippi gubernatorial election was held on November 30, 1869, in order to elect the Governor of Mississippi. James L. Alcorn, Republican and moderate planter who had previously served in the Confederate Army, defeated National Union Republican Party nominee Judge Lewis Dent, the brother-in-law of President Ulysses S. Grant and former Union Army official. The Democratic Party supported Dent rather than nominating their own candidate.[1] [2] [3] It was the first election following the Reconstruction era military governorship of Adelbert Ames.[4]
The rapidly shifting political alliances of the post-Civil War period saw conservative white supremacists in both parties allied with Dent, while most African-Americans and some whites allied with Alcorn. The former Confederate Alcorn was more racially progressive than former Union Army official Dent, and civil rights for formerly enslaved African Americans defined the campaign. White terrorism, including murders by the Ku Klux Klan occurred regularly throughout the campaign in violent opposition to the newly granted voting rights for African Americans. Following its 1869 constitutional convention, Mississippi also voted on a new state constitution, that granted expanded rights to African-Americans and paved the way for the establishment of new state institutions including public schools, and both houses of the state legislature on November 30, 1869.[5]