| Election Name: | 1866 Texas gubernatorial election |
| Country: | Texas |
| Election Date: | June 25, 1866 |
| Type: | presidential |
| Previous Election: | 1863 Texas gubernatorial election |
| Previous Year: | 1863 |
| Next Election: | 1869 Texas gubernatorial election |
| Next Year: | 1869 |
| Party1: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 48,631 |
| Percentage1: | 80.1% |
| Candidate2: | Elisha M. Pease |
| Party2: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote2: | 12,051 |
| Percentage2: | 19.9% |
Governor | |
| Before Election: | Andrew J. Hamilton |
| Before Party: | Unionist Party (United States) |
| Posttitle: | Elected Governor |
| After Election: | James W. Throckmorton |
| After Party: | Democratic Party (United States) |
The 1866 Texas gubernatorial election was held on June 25, 1866, to elect the governor of Texas. Incumbent Governor Andrew J. Hamilton, who had been appointed by President Andrew Johnson, did not run for a full term. The election was won by James W. Throckmorton, who received 80% of the vote.
In March 1867, General Philip H. Sheridan was appointed military governor of the Fifth Military District. Citing the "impediment" Throckmorton presented "to the reconstruction of the State," Sheridan removed him from office and appointed Pease governor on July 30, 1867.