1865 in Wales explained

This article is about the particular significance of the year 1865 to Wales and its people.

Incumbents

• Lord Lieutenant of Anglesey – Henry Paget, 2nd Marquess of Anglesey^{[1] [2] [3] [4]}
• Lord Lieutenant of Brecknockshire – John Lloyd Vaughan Watkins (until 28 September)^{[5] [6]} George Pratt, 2nd Marquess Camden (from 4 November)
• Lord Lieutenant of Caernarvonshire – Sir Richard Williams-Bulkeley, 10th Baronet^[7]
• Lord Lieutenant of Cardiganshire – Edward Pryse^[8]
  • Lord Lieutenant of Carmarthenshire – John Campbell, 2nd Earl Cawdor Lord Lieutenant of Denbighshire – Robert Myddelton Biddulph^[9]
• Lord Lieutenant of Flintshire – Sir Stephen Glynne, 9th Baronet^[10]
• Lord Lieutenant of Glamorgan – Christopher Rice Mansel Talbot^[11]
• Lord Lieutenant of Merionethshire – Edward Lloyd-Mostyn, 2nd Baron Mostyn^[12]
• Lord Lieutenant of Monmouthshire – Benjamin Hall, 1st Baron Llanover^[13]
• Lord Lieutenant of Montgomeryshire – Sudeley Hanbury-Tracy, 3rd Baron Sudeley^[14]
  • Lord Lieutenant of Pembrokeshire – William Edwardes, 3rd Baron Kensington Lord Lieutenant of Radnorshire – John Walsh, 1st Baron Ormathwaite^{[15] [2]}
• Bishop of Bangor – James Colquhoun Campbell^{[16] [17]}
• Bishop of Llandaff – Alfred Ollivant^[18]
• Bishop of St Asaph – Thomas Vowler Short^{[19] [20]}
• Bishop of St Davids – Connop Thirlwall^{[21] [22] [23]}

Events

• 5 January — The Festiniog Railway officially opens to passengers, the first narrow gauge railway in the British Isles to do so.^[24]
• 14 January — American Confederate paddle steamer Lelia sinks off the north Wales coast with the loss of eighteen lives.
• 1 February — The Vale of Neath Railway is amalgamated with the Great Western Railway.
• 14 April
  • Opening of the Royal Pier, Aberystwyth, built by Eugenius Birch at a cost of £13,600.
  • Paddle steamer Great Empress collides with Beaumaris Pier.
• May
  • Opening of Talyllyn Railway.^[25]
  • A branch of The Philanthropic Order of True Ivorites Friendly Society is established and registered at Colwinston.^[26]
• 28 May — The Mimosa sets sail with emigrants for Patagonia.^[27]
• 10 June — Opening of Penarth Dock.
• 3 July — Opening of Barmouth Junction on the Aberystwith and Welsh Coast Railway.
• 28 July — The town of Puerto Madryn and the Patagonian colony is founded by Michael D. Jones.^[28]
• 2 August — The Wales memorial to the late Prince Albert at Tenby, sculpted by John Evan Thomas, is unveiled by Albert and Victoria's 3rd son, 15-year-old Prince Arthur on his first public engagement.^[29]
• 9 September — First of fifteen deaths in the only outbreak of yellow fever ever to occur in Britain, at Swansea.
• 21 October — Opening of Howells (department store) in Cardiff as a drapery.^[30]
• 29 November — Two men die when a coal train falls into the North Dock at Swansea.
• 1 December — Llandrindod Wells is linked to the rail network for the first time.^[31]
• 20 December — Gethin Pit disaster, Abercanaid: the second of two firedamp explosions at this colliery near Merthyr Tydfil kills 34 miners.^[32]
• Francis Kilvert becomes curate of Clyro in Radnorshire.
• Sale of the Pwyllycrochan estate, leading to the development of Colwyn Bay.
• John Crichton-Stuart, Marquess of Bute, meets architect and designer William Burges.
• Robert Jones Derfel retires from the ministry and sets up a Welsh bookshop and press in Manchester.

Arts and literature

Awards

• National Eisteddfod of Wales is held at Aberystwyth. The chair is won by Lewis William Lewis (Llew Llwyfo).

New books

• Morris Davies — Cofiant Ann Griffiths
• John Evans (I. D. Ffraid) — Coll Gwynfa (translation of Milton's Paradise Lost)
• John Ceiriog Hughes — Y Bardd a'r Cerddor^[33]
• John Jones (Mathetes) — Pregeth i Fyfyrwyr Coleg Hwlffordd ...
• John Thomas (Ifor Cwmgwys) — Diferion Meddyliol^[34]

Music

• Thomas Gruffydd Jones (Tafalaw Bencerdd) — Gwarchae Harlech (cantata)

Sport

• Cricket
  • 17 July — South Wales Cricket Club travels to Gravesend to play the Gentlemen of Kent.
  • August — Morriston Cricket Club is founded.

Births

• 2 February — Henry Davies, cricketer (died 1934)
• 28 February — Arthur Symons, poet and critic (died 1945)
• 7 March — Martyn Jordan, Wales international rugby player (died 1902)
• 30 April — Max Nettlau, German historian and Welsh learner (died 1944)
• 3 June — Prince George, second son of the Prince and Princess of Wales and himself Prince of Wales 1901–1910 (later King George V of the United Kingdom; died 1936)
• 6 August — Lewis Cobden Thomas, Wales international rugby player (died 1928)
• 22 August — Stephen Thomas Wales international rugby player (died 1937)
• 8 September — David Williams, Swansea politician (died 1941)
• 23 September — William Brace, politician (died 1947)^[35]
• 20 October — Sir Rhys Rhys-Williams, 1st Baronet, judge (died 1955)^[36]
• 26 October — Hugh Ingledew, Wales international rugby player (died 1937)
• October — Jack Doughty, footballer (died 1937)
• 16 December — George Rowles, footballer (died 1922)
• December — Richard Bagnall-Oakeley, Olympic archer (died 1947)
• date unknown
  • Dickie Garrett, rugby player (died 1908)
  • Albert Hybart, rugby player (died 1945)
  • George Owen, footballer (died 1922)
  • Robert Roberts, footballer (died 1945)

Deaths

• 21 February — Stapleton Cotton, military leader, 91^[37]
• 26 April — William Williams, MP, 77^[38]
• 29 April — Thomas Evans (Telynog), poet, 24^[39]
• 18 June — William Parker Foulke, Welsh-descended American geologist, 49
• 10 August — Hugh Pugh, mariner, 71^[40]
• 28 September — John Lloyd Vaughan Watkins, politician, Lord Lieutenant of Brecknockshire, 63^[5]
• 20 November — Rees Howell Gronow, soldier, politician and memoirist, 70^[41]

See also

• 1865 in Ireland

Notes and References

1. Book: Edward Breese. Kalendars of Gwynedd; or, Chronological lists of lords-lieutenant [&c.] ... for the counties of Anglesey, Caernarvon, and Merioneth. 1873. 24.
2. Book: J.C. Sainty . John Sainty (civil servant) . List of Lieutenants of Counties of England and Wales 1660-1974 . Swift Printers (Sales) Ltd . London . 1979.
3. Book: Nicholas, Thomas . Annals and antiquities of the counties and county families of Wales . Genealogical Pub. Co . Baltimore . 1991 . 9780806313146 . 695.
4. Book: Cylchgrawn Hanes Cymru. University of Wales Press. 1992. 169.
5. News: Editorial. 17 January 2022. Welshman. 6 October 1865.
6. Book: Edwin Poole. The Illustrated History and Biography of Brecknockshire from the Earliest Times to the Present Day: Containing the General History, Antiquities, Sepulchral Monuments and Inscriptions. Edwin Poole. 1886. 378.
7. Book: Edward Breese. Kalendars of Gwynedd; or, Chronological lists of lords-lieutenant [&c.] ... for the counties of Anglesey, Caernarvon, and Merioneth. 1873. 26.
8. Book: Thomas John Hughes. The Welsh magistracy, by Adfyfr. South Wales and Monmouthshire Liberal Federation Offices. 1887. 5.
9. Web site: Myddelton Biddulph, Robert (1805-1872), of Chirk Castle, Denb. and 35 Grosvenor Place, Mdx.. History of Parliament Online. 5 December 2021.
10. Web site: Glynne, Sir Stephen Richard, 9th bt. (1807-1874), of Hawarden Castle, Flint. History of Parliament Online. 16 January 2022.
11. Web site: TALBOT, Christopher Rice Mansel (1803-1890), of Penrice Castle and Margam Park, Glam.. History of Parliament Online. 18 January 2022.
12. Book: Edward Breese. Kalendars of Gwynedd; or, Chronological lists of lords-lieutenant [&c.] ... for the counties of Anglesey, Caernarvon, and Merioneth. 1873. 29.
13. Web site: Past Lord Lieutenants. Lord Lieutenant of Monmouthshire. 28 January 2022.
14. Book: Herbert Arthur Doubleday. George Cokayne. The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom: Extant, Extinct, Or Dormant. St. Catherine Press, Limited. 1953. 423.
15. Book: Jonathan Williams. The History of Radnorshire. R. Mason. 1859. 115.
16. Book: Fryde, E. B. . Handbook of British chronology . New York Cambridge University Press . Cambridge England . 1996 . 9780521563505 . 292.
17. Book: Thomas Duffus Hardy. Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae: Or A Calendar of the Principal Ecclesiastical Dignitaries in England and Wales.... University Press. 1854. 305.
18. Book: Frederick Arthur Crisp. Joseph Jackson Howard. Visitation of England and Wales. 1898. 15.
19. Book: Nicholas Harris Nicolas. The historic peerage of England: Revised, corrected, and continued ... by William Courthope. John Murray. 1857. 533.
20. Book: The Apostolical Succession in the Church of England. James Parkes and Company. 1866. 15.
21. Book: Old Yorkshire, volume 3. 1882. 90.
22. Book: Thomas Duffus Hardy. Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae: Or A Calendar of the Principal Ecclesiastical Dignitaries in England and Wales.... University Press. 1854. 307.
23. Book: The Monthly Review Or Literary Journal Enlarged. Porter. 1780. 95.
24. Book: Johnson, Peter. An Illustrated History of the Festiniog Railway 1832–1954. Hersham. Oxford Publishing Co. 2007. 978-0-86093-603-9.
25. Book: Boyd, J. I. C.. James I. C. Boyd

    . James I. C. Boyd. The Tal-y-Llyn Railway. Didcot. Wild Swan Publications. 1988. 0-906867-46-0. 45.

26. Web site: County Treasures. Vale of Glamorgan Council. 19 April 2012. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184220/http://www.valeofglamorgan.gov.uk/files/Living/Planning/Policy/County_Treasures/Colwinston.pdf. 3 March 2016.
27. Web site: Welsh immigrants in Patagonia: Mimosa, the old ship that sailed into history. 2010-11-26. Wilkinson. Susan. September 1998. Buenos Aires Herald. https://web.archive.org/web/20070305160823/http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/casamirror/mimosa1.htm. 5 March 2007. dead.
28. Book: Williams, R. Bryn. The Welsh colony in Patagonia 1865–2000. Llanrwst. Gwasg Carreg Gwalch. 2000. 0-86381-653-3.
29. Peter Ellis. Jones. The Wales memorial to Prince Albert in Tenby. Pembrokeshire: The Journal of the Pembrokeshire Historical Society. 20. 2011. 53–60.
30. Book: Finch, Peter. Real Cardiff. Volume 2: The Greater City. Seren. 2004. 1-85411-384-4. 50, 83.
31. Book: Quick, Michael. Railway Passenger Stations in Great Britain: a Chronology. Oxford. 4th. Railway and Canal Historical Society. 2009. 978-0-901461-57-5.
32. http://www.cmhrc.co.uk/cms/document/1860_62.pdf Gethin Pit Disaster 1865
33. Book: Celtic Culture: A-Celti. 2006. ABC-CLIO. 978-1-85109-440-0. 940.
34. Book: Y Bywgraffiadur Cymreig hyd 1940. Paratowyd dan nawdd Anrhydeddus Gymdeithas y Cymmrodorion. 1953. Anrhydeddus Gymdeithas y Cymmrodorion. cy. 1064.
35. Web site: Brace, William (1865-1947), miners' leader and M.P.. Griffith Milwyn Griffiths. Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. 29 December 2019.
36. s2-RHYS-RHY-1865. Rhys-Williams, Sir Rhys (1865-1955), first Baronet created 1918, and a judge. Mary Auronwy James. 2001. 15 February 2022.
37. Web site: Cotton, Sir Stapleton (1773-1865), 6th baronet, afterwards 1st viscount Combermere, field-marshal. Robert Thomas Jenkins. Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. 8 August 2019.
38. Web site: Williams, William (1788-1865), Member of Parliament. David Williams. Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. 8 August 2019.
39. Web site: Evans, Thomas (Telynog; 1840-1865), poet. Walter Thomas Morgan. Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. 8 August 2019.
40. Web site: Pugh, Hugh (1794/5-1865), master mariner. David Thomas. Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. 8 August 2019.
41. Web site: Gronow, Rees Howell (1794-1865), writer of memoirs. Robert Thomas Jenkins. Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. 8 August 2019.