18650 battery explained

Type:Power source
Working Principle:Electrochemical reactions, Electromotive force
First Produced:1994
Pins:Anode and Cathode

An 18650 battery[1] or 1865 cell[2] is a cylindrical lithium-ion battery common in electronic devices. The batteries measure 18mm in diameter by 65mm in length, giving them the name 18650.[3] The battery comes in many nominal voltages depending on the specific chemistry used.

Panasonic first developed the 18650 battery in 1994 "when there was a growing need for ever smaller and lighter storage batteries that could be used for ever longer periods of time".[4] They are now commonly used in power tools, electric bicycles, laptops, and electric vehicles.

Chemistry

18650 batteries are most commonly lithium-based.

By 2023, some sodium-ion variants were available in the 18mm x 65 mm cylindrical cell form factor as well.[5]

In 2024, a potassium-ion variant was unveiled in the 18650 format that utilizes a proprietary 4V Potassium Prussian White cathode and a commercially available graphite anode.[6]

Packs

thumb|A generic BMS for 4 series lithium-ion cells ('4s BMS')

18650 batteries are commonly used in packs, where a battery management system (BMS) is required, especially once cells age and perform differently. BMS boards balance the voltage of cells in series and protect against over- and under-discharge.

Products using 18650 cells

18650 battery cells are used in a wide variety of products from the 1990s through the 2020s, and are widely regarded as the most produced lithium-ion cell size.[7] 18650/1865 cells are used in many laptop computer batteries, cordless power tools, many electric cars, electric scooters,[8] most e-bikes, older portable powerbanks, electronic cigarettes,[9] [10] portable fans, and LED flashlights. Nominal voltage is 3.6-3.7 V.[11] [12]

In the electric automobile sector, they are used in the first three vehicles manufactured by Tesla, the first-generation Roadster (late 2000s), Model S (2012+), and the Model X (2015+).[13]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Everything You Need to Know About the 18650 Battery . August Neverman . 12 November 2022 . Common Sense Home . en .
  2. Web site: Tesla Tab Talk . Jake Christensen . 2022-05-20 . Bosch . en .
  3. Web site: Zollo . Bob . The Standard 18650 Li-Ion Cell Isn't Always Standard . 19 September 2018 . 2023-07-04 . Electronic Design . 21807019 . en .
  4. Web site: Corporate History: 1994 . 2023-07-04 . . en .
  5. Web site: Sodium Ion 1250 mAh 50A 18650 Rechargeable Battery . 2023-10-16 . SRIKO Batteries Online store for electronics Online battery store . en-US .
  6. Group1 . Group1 Unveils First Potassium-ion Battery in 18650 Format . 2024-09-05 . www.prnewswire.com . en.
  7. Web site: Most Popular Lithium-Ion Cells for Custom Battery Packs . 2023-10-08 . www.rosebatteries.com . en-us.
  8. Web site: Xiaomi M365 Specifications . 31 July 2019 . live . 31 July 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190731093519/https://www.mi.com/fr/mi-electric-scooter/specs/ . 31 July 2019 .
  9. Web site: Reddit Electronic Cigarette Wiki. reddit.com. 16 April 2015. redditecigwiki. https://web.archive.org/web/20150416235309/http://www.reddit.com/r/electronic_cigarette/wiki/battery . 16 April 2015. live.
  10. Web site: List of Battery Tests. 22 June 2015. e-cigarette-forum. 24 September 2019.
  11. Web site: HDS Systems: Frequently Asked Questions – Answers to questions about our flashlights and technologies . Hdslights.com . 2005-08-13 . 2015-02-23 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131017084835/http://www.hdslights.com/?id=LightFaq#BatterySize . 2013-10-17 . live .
  12. Muenzel . Valentin . Hollenkamp . Anthony F. . Bhatt . Anand I. . Hoog . Julian de . Brazil . Marcus . Thomas . Doreen A. . Mareels . Iven . 2015-05-28 . A Comparative Testing Study of Commercial 18650-Format Lithium-Ion Battery Cells . Journal of the Electrochemical Society . en . 162 . 8 . A1592 . 10.1149/2.0721508jes . 93255496 . 1945-7111 . free . 11343/55225 . free .
  13. News: What Batteries Are Tesla Using In Its Electric Cars? . Inside EVs . 23 May 2022 . 6 March 2024 .

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