| Election Name: | 1864 Illinois gubernatorial election |
| Country: | Illinois |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | Yes |
| Previous Election: | 1860 Illinois gubernatorial election |
| Previous Year: | 1860 |
| Next Election: | 1868 Illinois gubernatorial election |
| Next Year: | 1868 |
| Election Date: | November 1864 |
| Nominee1: | Richard J. Oglesby |
| Party1: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 190,376 |
| Percentage1: | 54.54% |
| Nominee2: | James Carroll Robinson |
| Party2: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote2: | 158,711 |
| Percentage2: | 45.46% |
| Map Size: | 300px |
| Governor | |
| Before Election: | Richard Yates |
| Before Party: | Republican Party (United States) |
| After Election: | Richard J. Oglesby |
| After Party: | Republican Party (United States) |
The 1864 Illinois gubernatorial election was the thirteenth election for this office and took place during the American Civil War. Republican governor Richard Yates did not run for re-election, but was instead elected to serve in the United States Senate. Major General Richard J. Oglesby resigned his commission to run as the Republican nominee. Congressman James Carroll Robinson was the Democratic nominee.[1] At this time in Illinois history, the Lieutenant Governor was elected on a separate ballot from the governor. This would remain the case until the adoption of the 1970 constitution.