| Election Name: | 1861 Iowa Senate election |
| Country: | Iowa |
| Flag Image: | Flag of Iowa (variant).svg |
| Type: | legislative |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1859 Iowa Senate election |
| Previous Year: | 1859 |
| Next Election: | 1863 Iowa Senate election |
| Next Year: | 1863 |
| Seats For Election: | 25 out of 49 seats in the Iowa State Senate |
| Majority Seats: | 25 |
| Election Date: | 1861 |
| Party1: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Last Election1: | 22 |
| Seats Before1: | 22 |
| Seat Change1: | 11 |
| Seats After1: | 33 |
| Party2: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Last Election2: | 21 |
| Seats Before2: | 20 |
| Seat Change2: | 4 |
| Seats After2: | 16 |
| President of the Iowa Senate | |
| Before Election: | Nicholas J. Rusch |
| Before Party: | Republican Party (United States) |
| After Election: | John R. Needham |
| After Party: | Republican Party (United States) |
In the 1861 Iowa State Senate elections, Iowa voters elected state senators to serve in the ninth Iowa General Assembly. Following the expansion of the Iowa Senate from 43 to 49 seats in 1861, elections were held for 25 of the state senate's 49 seats. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate.
The general election took place in 1861.[1]
Following the previous election in 1859, Republicans had control of the Iowa Senate with 22 seats to Democrats' 21 seats. However, four changes occurred during the eighth general assembly. In the ninth district, Republican Senator Alvin Saunders resigned on May 14, 1861, causing a vacancy in his seat.[2] Republican Leroy G. Palmer succeeded Senator Saunders, holding the seat for the Republicans.[3] In the tenth district, Republican Senator James Falconer Wilson resigned on October 7, 1861, causing a vacancy in his seat.[4] The tenth district seat was left vacant until a special election in 1861. In the fourteenth district, Democratic Senator Andrew Oliphant Patterson resigned on May 14, 1861, causing a vacancy in his seat.[5] Republican Joseph A. Green succeeded Senator Patterson, flipping the seat to Republican control.[6] In the thirty-fifth district, Republican Senator Thomas Drummond resigned on May 14, 1861, causing a vacancy in his seat.[7] Republican Joseph Dysart succeeded Senator Drummond, holding the seat for the Republicans.[8] Therefore, by election day in 1861, the Republicans held 22 seats, the Democrats held 20 seats, and one seat was vacant (the seat that had been held by Republican Senator James F. Wilson).
To claim control of the chamber from Republicans, the Democrats needed to net five Senate seats.
Republicans maintained control of the Iowa State Senate following the election with the balance of power shifting to Republicans holding 33 seats and Democrats having 16 seats (a net gain of 11 seats for Republicans).
| Senate District | Incumbent | Party | Elected Senator | Party | Outcome | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | Valentine Buechel | Dem | Frederick Hesser | Dem | Dem Hold | |||
| John Walker Rankin | Rep | George Washington McCrary | Rep | Rep Hold | ||||
| 2nd | Gideon Smith Bailey | Dem | Abner Harrison McCrary | Rep | Rep Gain | |||
| 5th | Newly created subdistrict | Elijah F. Esteb | Dem | Dem Gain | ||||
| 8th | William Findlay Coolbaugh | Dem | John G. Foote | Rep | Rep Gain | |||
| 9th | Alvin Saunders | Rep | Theron Webb Woolson | Rep | Rep Hold | |||
| Leroy G. Palmer | Rep | |||||||
| 10th | James Falconer Wilson | Rep | Joshua Monroe Shaffer | Rep | Rep Hold | |||
| Vacancy upon Senator Wilson's resignation. | ||||||||
| 11th | John A. Johnson | Dem | Jacob W. Dixon | Rep | Rep Gain | |||
| 12th | Daniel A. Anderson | Rep | Warren S. Dungan | Rep | Rep Hold | |||
| 13th | Samuel Reiner | Rep | James Simpson Hurley | Rep | Rep Hold | |||
| 14th | Andrew Oliphant Patterson | Dem | William G. Woodward | Rep | Rep Hold | |||
| Joseph A. Green | Rep | |||||||
| 15th | William B. Lewis | Dem | William B. Lewis | Rep | Rep Gain | |||
| 16th | Oliver P. Sherraden | Rep | Isaac Pearl Teter | Rep | Rep Hold | |||
| 18th | Jairus Edward Neal | Dem | Jairus Edward Neal | Dem | Dem Hold | |||
| 19th | John W. Thompson | Rep | Benjamin F. Gue | Rep | Rep Hold | |||
| Newly created subdistrict | Joseph B. Leake | Rep | Rep Gain | |||||
| 20th | George M. Davis | Rep | Norman Boardman | Rep | Rep Hold | |||
| 23rd | William P. Davis | Rep | Joshua H. Hatch | Rep | Rep Hold | |||
| 25th | Joseph Mann | Dem | William H. Holmes | Rep | Rep Gain | |||
| 27th | David S. Wilson | Dem | John D. Jennings | Dem | Dem Hold | |||
| 29th | Newly created subdistrict | John Kern | Dem | Dem Gain | ||||
| 30th | Marquis Lafayette McPherson | Rep | Marquis Lafayette McPherson | Rep | Rep Hold | |||
| 31st | William H.M. Pusey | Dem | James Redfield | Rep | Rep Gain | |||
| 35th | Thomas Drummond | Rep | Joseph Dysart | Rep | Rep Hold | |||
| Vacancy upon Senator Drummond's resignation. | ||||||||
| 40th | Newly created subdistrict | George W. Howard | Rep | Rep Gain | ||||
| 42nd | Newly created district | Martin V. Burdick | Rep | Rep Gain | ||||
| 43rd | Newly created district | Sherman Griswold Smith | Rep | Rep Gain | ||||
Source:[9]
District boundaries were redrawn before the 1861 general election for the Iowa Senate: