1860 in Wales explained

This article is about the particular significance of the year 1860 to Wales and its people.

Incumbents

• Lord Lieutenant of Anglesey – Henry Paget, 2nd Marquess of Anglesey^{[1] [2] [3] [4]}
• Lord Lieutenant of Brecknockshire – John Lloyd Vaughan Watkins^{[5] [6]}
• Lord Lieutenant of Caernarvonshire – Sir Richard Williams-Bulkeley, 10th Baronet^[7]
• Lord Lieutenant of Cardiganshire – Edward Pryse^[8]
• Lord Lieutenant of Carmarthenshire – John Campbell, 1st Earl Cawdor (until 7 November)
• Lord Lieutenant of Denbighshire – Robert Myddelton Biddulph^[9]
• Lord Lieutenant of Flintshire – Sir Stephen Glynne, 9th Baronet^[10]
• Lord Lieutenant of Glamorgan – Christopher Rice Mansel Talbot^[11]
• Lord Lieutenant of Merionethshire – Robert Davies Pryce^[12]
• Lord Lieutenant of Monmouthshire – Capel Hanbury Leigh^[13]
  • Lord Lieutenant of Montgomeryshire – Thomas Hanbury-Tracy, 2nd Baron Sudeley Lord Lieutenant of Pembrokeshire – Sir John Owen, 1st Baronet^[14]
• Lord Lieutenant of Radnorshire – John Walsh, 1st Baron Ormathwaite^{[15] [2]}
• Bishop of Bangor – James Colquhoun Campbell^{[16] [17]}
• Bishop of Llandaff – Alfred Ollivant^[18]
• Bishop of St Asaph – Thomas Vowler Short^{[19] [20]}
• Bishop of St Davids – Connop Thirlwall^{[21] [22] [23]}

Events

• 28 February — A paddle steamer, Nimrod, is wrecked off St David's Head, and 45 people are killed.^[24]
• 1 March — First section of Carmarthen and Cardigan Railway opens to a station in Carmarthen; on 3 September it extends over the course of what becomes known as the Gwili Railway to Conwil.
• 7 March — HMS Howe, the Royal Navy’s last, largest and fastest wooden first-rate three-decker ship of the line, is launched at Pembroke Dockyard but never completed for sea service.^[25]
• 1 May — First section of Oswestry and Newtown Railway opens from Oswestry (Shropshire) to Pool Quay; on 14 August it extends to Welshpool and also opens between Abermule and Newtown. These lines have been built by David Davies Llandinam and Thomas Savin but on 29 October Davies dissolves their partnership.^[26]
• 23 August — Consecration of Marble Church, Bodelwyddan.^[27]
• 24 November — A statue of Henry Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey is added to the column built in his honour by Thomas Harrison earlier in the century.^[28]
• 1 December — The sixth underground explosion in the Risca Black Vein Pit at Crosskeys in the Sirhowy Valley of Monmouthshire kills 142 coal miners.^{[29] [30]}
• Discovery of Gwynfynydd Gold Mine gold mine at Dolgellau.
• Founding of the Danygraig Copperworks.^[31]
• The Beaufort Tinplate Works is set up on the River Tawe by John Jones Jenkins, 1st Baron Glantawe.^[32]
• The Big Pit at Blaenavon begins producing coal.^[33]
• Nixon's Navigation Colliery at Mountain Ash opened, becoming the first true deep pit in South Wales.^[34]
• Principality Building Society established in Cardiff as the Principality Permanent Benefit Building and Investment Society.
• Four gun batteries are installed on Flat Holm.
• A mosque is founded in Cardiff Bay; it is sometimes incorrectly claimed as the first mosque in the UK.^[35]
• Excavation of Holyhead Mountain Hut Circles.
• approx. date — Llanfairpwllgwyngyll on Anglesey adopts the long form of its name.

Arts and literature

Awards

• At the Denbigh eisteddfod, a decision is made to launch a national eisteddfod.
• An eisteddfod is held at Utica, New York.

New books

• John Ceiriog Hughes — Oriau'r Hwyr
• Thomas Phillips — The Welsh Revival: Its Origin and Development
• William Rowlands — Dammeg y Mab Afradlon

Music

• John Owen (Owain Alaw) — Gems of Welsh Melody (including the first Welsh lyric for March of the Men of Harlech, written by John Jones (Talhaiarn), and the first printing of Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau)^[36]

Sport

• The first bowls club in Wales is founded at Abergavenny.
• Oswestry Town F.C. is founded.^[37]

Births

• 21 February – Sir William Goscombe John, sculptor (died 1952)^[38]
• 25 March – Jack Powell, footballer (died 1947
• 29 March – Edward Peake, Wales international rugby union player (died 1945)
• 14 April – Howell Elvet Lewis (Elved), poet and archdruid (died 1953)
• 19 April – William Penfro Rowlands, composer (died 1937)
• 12 May – Sir John Ballinger, librarian (died 1933)
• 24 May – Sir Ellis Ellis-Griffith, lawyer and politician (died 1926)
• 6 June – Sir Herbert Williams-Wynn, 7th Baronet (died 1944)
• 30 July – Richard Summers, Wales rugby union international (died 1941)
• 6 September – George Irby, 6th Baron Boston, landowner and scientist (died 1941)^[39]
• 25 September – Thomas Francis Roberts, academic (died 1919)
• 31 December – Horace Lyne, Wales international rugby player and WRU president (died 1949)
• date unknown
  • Sir William Price (died 1938)

Deaths

• 26 January – Thomas Wood, politician, 82^[40]
• 21 March – John Lloyd Davies, politician^[41]
• 4 May – William Ormsby-Gore, politician, 81^[42]
• 1 July – Robert Thomas, printer and newspaper proprietor who settled in Australia, 78
• 17 July – Beti Cadwaladr, Crimea nurse, 71^[43]
• 31 August – John Parker, clergyman and artist, 61^[44]
• 7 November – John Campbell, 1st Earl Cawdor, Lord Lieutenant of Carmarthenshire, 69^[45]
• 13 November – David Dale Owen, geologist in the USA, 53^[46]
• 27 November – Richard Richards, politician, 73^[47]

See also

• 1860 in Ireland

Notes and References

1. Book: Edward Breese. Kalendars of Gwynedd; or, Chronological lists of lords-lieutenant [&c.] ... for the counties of Anglesey, Caernarvon, and Merioneth. 1873. 24.
2. Book: J.C. Sainty . John Sainty (civil servant) . List of Lieutenants of Counties of England and Wales 1660-1974 . Swift Printers (Sales) Ltd . London . 1979.
3. Book: Nicholas, Thomas . Annals and antiquities of the counties and county families of Wales . Genealogical Pub. Co . Baltimore . 1991 . 9780806313146 . 695.
4. Book: Cylchgrawn Hanes Cymru. University of Wales Press. 1992. 169.
5. News: Editorial. 17 January 2022. Welshman. 6 October 1865.
6. Book: Edwin Poole. The Illustrated History and Biography of Brecknockshire from the Earliest Times to the Present Day: Containing the General History, Antiquities, Sepulchral Monuments and Inscriptions. Edwin Poole. 1886. 378.
7. Book: Edward Breese. Kalendars of Gwynedd; or, Chronological lists of lords-lieutenant [&c.] ... for the counties of Anglesey, Caernarvon, and Merioneth. 1873. 26.
8. Book: Thomas John Hughes. The Welsh magistracy, by Adfyfr. South Wales and Monmouthshire Liberal Federation Offices. 1887. 5.
9. Web site: Myddelton Biddulph, Robert (1805-1872), of Chirk Castle, Denb. and 35 Grosvenor Place, Mdx.. History of Parliament Online. 5 December 2021.
10. Web site: Glynne, Sir Stephen Richard, 9th bt. (1807-1874), of Hawarden Castle, Flint. History of Parliament Online. 16 January 2022.
11. Web site: TALBOT, Christopher Rice Mansel (1803-1890), of Penrice Castle and Margam Park, Glam.. History of Parliament Online. 18 January 2022.
12. Book: Edward Breese. Kalendars of Gwynedd; or, Chronological lists of lords-lieutenant [&c.] ... for the counties of Anglesey, Caernarvon, and Merioneth. 1873. 29.
13. Book: Amy Audrey Locke. The Hanbury Family. Arthur L. Humphreys. 1916. 147.
14. Web site: Thorne . R.G. . John Owen (1776-1861) of Orielton, Pembrokeshire . History of Parliament . 27 March 2020.
15. Book: Jonathan Williams. The History of Radnorshire. R. Mason. 1859. 115.
16. Book: Fryde, E. B. . Handbook of British chronology . New York Cambridge University Press . Cambridge England . 1996 . 9780521563505 . 292.
17. Book: Thomas Duffus Hardy. Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae: Or A Calendar of the Principal Ecclesiastical Dignitaries in England and Wales.... University Press. 1854. 305.
18. Book: Frederick Arthur Crisp. Joseph Jackson Howard. Visitation of England and Wales. 1898. 15.
19. Book: Nicholas Harris Nicolas. The historic peerage of England: Revised, corrected, and continued ... by William Courthope. John Murray. 1857. 533.
20. Book: The Apostolical Succession in the Church of England. James Parkes and Company. 1866. 15.
21. Book: Old Yorkshire, volume 3. 1882. 90.
22. Book: Thomas Duffus Hardy. Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae: Or A Calendar of the Principal Ecclesiastical Dignitaries in England and Wales.... University Press. 1854. 307.
23. Book: The Monthly Review Or Literary Journal Enlarged. Porter. 1780. 95.
24. Web site: Loss of the Nimrod, Liverpool and Cork steamer, with all on board. Daily Southern Cross. 29 May 1860. 27 July 2019.
25. Book: Howard J. Fuller. Clad in Iron: The American Civil War and the Challenge of British Naval Power. 2008. Greenwood Publishing Group. 978-0-313-34590-6. 16.
26. Book: Rex. Christiansen. R. W.. Miller. The Cambrian Railways. 1. new. 1971. Newton Abbot. David & Charles. 0-7153-5236-9. 31-2.
27. Book: John Hicklin (of Chester.). The illustrated hand-book of North Wales: being the 5th ed. of Hemingway's Panorama, with revisions and additions. 1863. 50.
28. Book: Gwyn Headley. Wim Meulenkamp. Follies, Grottoes & Garden Buildings. 1999. Aurum. 978-1-85410-625-4. 94.
29. Web site: The development of Risca. Risca Industrial History Museum & OHIHS. Tony. Jukes. 2010-10-18. https://web.archive.org/web/20130929163039/http://www.riscamuseum.org.uk/risca.html. 29 September 2013. dead.
30. Web site: Risca Colliery. CoalHouse. BBC. 2008. 2010-10-18.
31. Book: Charles Wilkins (of Merthyr-Tydfil.). The history of the iron, steel, tinplate and ... other trades of Wales: with descriptive sketches of the land and the people during the great industrial era under review. 1903. 371.
32. Book: John Newman. Stephen R. Hughes. Anthony Ward. Glamorgan: (Mid Glamorgan, South Glamorgan and West Glamorgan). 1995. Penguin Books. 978-0-14-071056-4. 398.
33. Book: Industrial Archaeology. 1988. David & Charles. 58.
34. Evans. Jonathan. People, Politics and Print. Ph.D. The Age of Coal. 2010. ProQuest. 2014-04-29.
35. Book: Sophie Gilliat-Ray. Muslims in Britain. 10 June 2010. Cambridge University Press. 978-0-521-53688-2. 36.
36. Book: Alison Latham. The Oxford Dictionary of Musical Works. 2004. Oxford University Press. 978-0-19-861020-5. 91.
37. Web site: Club information. The New Saints of Oswestry Town F.C.. 26 January 2022.
38. Web site: John, Sir William Goscombe (1860-1952), sculptor and medallist. Paul Joyner. Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. 15 October 2019.
39. s2-IRBY-FLO-1860. Irby, George Florance, 6th Baron Boston (1860-1941), landowner and scientist. Emyr Gwynne Jones. 2001. 26 January 2022.
40. Book: Thomas Wood, M.P., Parliamentary Representative for Brecknockshire, 1806-47. 1978. Brecknock Museum Publication. 31.
41. Web site: John Lloyd Davies. Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. Williams. Griffith John. 18 July 2017.
42. Web site: Ormsby Gore (formerly Gore), William (1779-1860), of Porkington, Oswestry, Salop and Woodford, co. Leitrim. History of Parliament Online. 26 January 2022.
43. Web site: Davis, Elizabeth (1789-1860), Crimean nurse. Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. 13 March 2019.
44. Web site: Parker, John (1798-1860), cleric and artist. William Llewelyn Davies. Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. 16 November 2019.
45. News: The Death of the Earl of Cawdor. 20 February 2019. Welshman . 9 November 1860. 4.
46. Estabrook, Arthur H. . The Family History of Robert Owen . Indiana Magazine of History . 19 . 1 . 63–101 . Indiana University . Bloomington . 1923. 29 August 2017.
47. Book: Nobody's Friends, London. The Club of "Nobody's Friends,": Since Its Foundation on 21 June 1800, to. 1885. 41.