| Election Name: | 1852–53 United States House of Representatives elections |
| Country: | United States |
| Flag Year: | 1851 |
| Type: | legislative |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1850–51 United States House of Representatives elections |
| Next Election: | 1854–55 United States House of Representatives elections |
| Seats For Election: | All 234 seats in the United States House of Representatives |
| Majority Seats: | 118 |
| Election Date: | August 2, 1852 – November 8, 1853 |
| Image1: | LinnBoyd.jpg |
| Leader1: | Linn Boyd |
| Party1: | Democratic Party (US) |
| Last Election1: | 120 seats |
| Seats1: | 150 |
| Seat Change1: | 30 |
| Popular Vote1: | 1,566,004 |
| Percentage1: | 49.82% |
| Swing1: | 6.51% |
| Leader2: | Joseph R. Chandler |
| Party2: | Whig Party (US) |
| Last Election2: | 82 seats |
| Seats2: | 68 |
| Seat Change2: | 14 |
| Popular Vote2: | 1,308,031 |
| Percentage2: | 41.61% |
| Swing2: | 0.28% |
| Party4: | Free Soil Party |
| Last Election4: | 4 seats |
| Seats4: | 4 |
| Popular Vote4: | 125,271 |
| Percentage4: | 3.99% |
| Swing4: | 0.87% |
| Party5: | Unionist Party (US) |
| Last Election5: | 15 seats |
| Seats5: | 5 |
| Seat Change5: | 10 |
| Popular Vote5: | 22,139 |
| Percentage5: | 0.70% |
| Swing5: | 3.99% |
| Color7: | 6AB023 |
| Party7: | Southern Rights |
| Last Election7: | 8 seats |
| Seats7: | 4 |
| Seat Change7: | 4 |
| Popular Vote7: | 20,326 |
| Percentage7: | 0.65% |
| Swing7: | 3.48% |
| Party8: | Independent (US) |
| Last Election8: | 4 seats |
| Seats8: | 3 |
| Seat Change8: | 1 |
| Popular Vote8: | 87,826 |
| Percentage8: | 2.79% |
| Map Size: | 300px |
| Speaker | |
| Before Election: | Linn Boyd |
| Before Party: | Democratic Party (US) |
| After Election: | Linn Boyd |
| After Party: | Democratic Party (US) |
The 1852–53 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between August 2, 1852, and November 8, 1853. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 33rd United States Congress convened on December 5, 1853. The size of the House increased to 234 seats following the congressional reapportionment based on the 1850 United States census.
Democrats increased their House majority while electing national compromise candidate Franklin Pierce, a Northerner favorable to Southern interests, to the Presidency. Effects of the Compromise of 1850 temporarily had reduced sectional tensions, and both major parties, Democrats and Whigs, unified around the 1852 presidential campaign, with Whig unity more tenuous. Two small parties, the Constitutional Unionists and States' Rights parties, collapsed before this election, while the Free Soil Party, opposing slavery in the Western territories, retained four seats. One Independent, Caleb Lyon, was elected from New York.
Following the 1850 census, the House was reapportioned. In the initial apportionment bill, the number of seats was unchanged at 233, but later one seat was added to California's delegation, increasing the total apportionment to 234, due to returns from California being determined to be incomplete.
| 158 | 4 | 1 | 71 | |
| Democratic | FS | I | Whig |
| State | Type | Date | Total seats | Democratic | Free Soil | Whig | Others | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | ||||||||||||
| Iowa | Districts | August 2, 1852 | 2 | data sort-value=0 | 1 | data-sort-value=-1 | 1 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | 1 | data-sort-value=1 | 1 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | |||||||
| Missouri | Districts | August 2, 1852 | 7 | data-sort-value=2 | 2 | 3 | data-sort-value=1 | 1 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | 4 | data-sort-value=1 | 1 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | ||||||
| Vermont | Districts | September 7, 1852 | 3 | data-sort-value=-1 | 1 | 0 | data-sort-value=-1 | 1 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | 3 | data sort-value=0 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | |||||||
| Maine | Districts | September 13, 1852 | 6 | data-sort-value=-1 | 1 | 3 | data-sort-value=-2 | 2 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | 3 | data-sort-value=1 | 1 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | ||||||
| Florida | At-large | October 5, 1852 | 1 | data sort-value=0 | 1 | data-sort-value=1 | 1 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | 0 | data-sort-value=-1 | 1 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | |||||||
| Indiana | Districts | October 12, 1852 | 11 | data-sort-value=1 | 1 | 10 | data-sort-value=2 | 2 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | 1 | data-sort-value=-1 | 1 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | ||||||
| Ohio | Districts | October 12, 1852 | 21 | data sort-value=0 | 12 | data-sort-value=1 | 1 | 2 | data-sort-value=1 | 1 | 7 | data-sort-value=-2 | 2 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | ||||||
| Pennsylvania | Districts | October 12, 1852 | 25 | data-sort-value=1 | 1 | 16 | data-sort-value=1 | 1 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | 9 | data sort-value=0 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | |||||||
| California | At-large | November 2, 1852 (Election Day) | 2 | data sort-value=0 | 2 | data sort-value=0 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | |||||||||
| Illinois | Districts | 9 | data-sort-value=2 | 2 | 5 | data-sort-value=-1 | 1 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | 4 | data-sort-value=3 | 3 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | |||||||
| Michigan | Districts | 4 | data-sort-value=1 | 1 | 4 | data-sort-value=3 | 3 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | 0 | data-sort-value=-2 | 2 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | |||||||
| New Jersey | Districts | 5 | data sort-value=0 | 4 | data sort-value=0 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | 1 | data sort-value=0 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | ||||||||||
| New York | Districts | 33 | data-sort-value=-1 | 1 | 21 | data-sort-value=4 | 4 | 1 | data-sort-value=1 | 1 | 10 | data-sort-value=-7 | 7 | 1 | data-sort-value=1 | 1 | |||||
| Wisconsin | Districts | 3 | data sort-value=0 | 3 | data-sort-value=1 | 1 | 0 | data-sort-value=-1 | 1 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | ||||||||
| Delaware | At-large | November 8, 1852 | 1 | data sort-value=0 | 1 | data sort-value=0 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | |||||||||
| Massachusetts | Districts | November 8, 1852 | 11 | data-sort-value=1 | 1 | 1 | data sort-value=0 | 1 | data-sort-value=-1 | 1 | 9 | data-sort-value=2 | 2 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | ||||||
| South Carolina | Districts | data-sort-value="March 1, 1853" | February 28 – March 1, 1853 | 6 | data-sort-value=-1 | 1 | 6 | data-sort-value=-1 | 1 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | ||||||
| data-sort-value="March 4, 1853" colspan=13 style="text-align:center" | Late elections (after the March 4, 1853 beginning of the term) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| New Hampshire | Districts | March 8, 1853 | 3 | data-sort-value=-1 | 1 | 3 | data-sort-value=1 | 1 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | 0 | data-sort-value=-2 | 2 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | ||||||
| Connecticut | Districts | April 4, 1853 | 4 | data sort-value=0 | 4 | data-sort-value=1 | 1 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | 0 | data-sort-value=-1 | 1 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | |||||||
| Rhode Island | Districts | April 6, 1853 | 2 | data sort-value=0 | 2 | data-sort-value=1 | 1 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | 0 | data-sort-value=-1 | 1 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | |||||||
| Virginia | Districts | May 26, 1853 | 13 | data-sort-value=-2 | 2 | 13 | data sort-value=0 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | 0 | data-sort-value=-2 | 2 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | |||||||
| Arkansas | Districts | August 1, 1853 | 2 | data-sort-value=1 | 1 | 2 | data-sort-value=1 | 1 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | |||||||
| Kentucky | Districts | August 1, 1853 | 10 | data sort-value=0 | 5 | data sort-value=0 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | 5 | data sort-value=0 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | |||||||||
| Texas | Districts | August 1, 1853 | 2 | data sort-value=0 | 2 | data sort-value=0 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | |||||||||
| North Carolina | Districts | August 4, 1853 | 8 | data-sort-value=-1 | 1 | 5 | data-sort-value=2 | 2 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | 3 | data-sort-value=-3 | 3 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | ||||||
| Tennessee | Districts | August 4, 1853 | 10 | data-sort-value=-1 | 1 | 5 | data-sort-value=-2 | 2 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | 5 | data-sort-value=1 | 1 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | ||||||
| Alabama | Districts | August 8, 1853 | 7 | data sort-value=0 | 6 | data-sort-value=2 | 2 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | 1 | data-sort-value=-1 | 1 | 0 | data-sort-value=-1 | 1 | ||||||
| Georgia | Districts | October 3, 1853 | 8 | data sort-value=0 | 6 | data-sort-value=6 | 6 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | 2 | data-sort-value=2 | 2 | 0 | data-sort-value=-8 | 8 | ||||||
| Louisiana | Districts | November 1, 1853 | 4 | data sort-value=0 | 3 | data-sort-value=1 | 1 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | 1 | data-sort-value=-1 | 1 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | |||||||
| Maryland | Districts | November 2, 1853 | 6 | data sort-value=0 | 4 | data-sort-value=2 | 2 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | 2 | data-sort-value=-2 | 2 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | |||||||
| Mississippi | District + 1 at-large | data-sort-value="November 8, 1853" | November 7–8, 1853 | 5 | data-sort-value=1 | 1 | 5 | data-sort-value=5 | 5 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | 0 | data sort-value=0 | 0 | data-sort-value=-4 | 4 | |||||
| Total | 234 | 1 | 158 | data-sort-value=28 | 28 | 4 | data sort-value=0 | 71 | data-sort-value=-15 | 15 | 1 | 12 | |||||||||
See also: List of United States representatives from Alabama.
See also: List of United States representatives from Arkansas.
|-! | rowspan=2 | Robert W. Johnson
| rowspan=2 | rowspan=2 | 1846| | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.[1] | nowrap | |-! | | New seat.
Democratic gain.| nowrap | |}
See also: List of United States representatives from California. Note: From statehood to 1864, California's representatives were elected at-large, with the top two vote-getters winning election from 1849 to 1858; in 1860 when California gained a seat in the House the top three vote-getters were elected.
|-! rowspan=2 |
| Edward C. Marshall| | Democratic| 1851| | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.| rowspan=2 nowrap |
|-| Joseph W. McCorkle| | Democratic| 1851| | Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
|}
See also: List of United States representatives from Connecticut.
See also: List of United States representatives from Delaware.
See main article: 1852 United States House of Representatives election in Florida.
See also: List of United States representatives from Florida.
|-! | Edward C. Cabell| | Whig| 1846| | Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.| nowrap |
|}
See also: List of United States representatives from Georgia.
See also: List of United States representatives from Illinois.
See also: List of United States representatives from Indiana.
See also: List of United States representatives from Iowa.
See also: List of United States representatives from Kentucky.
See also: List of United States representatives from Louisiana.
See also: List of United States representatives from Maine.
See also: List of United States representatives from Maryland.
See also: List of United States representatives from Massachusetts.
The elections were held November 8, 1852. However, many of the districts went to a December 13, 1852 second ballot.
|-! | Zeno Scudder
| | Whig| 1851| Incumbent re-elected on the second ballot.| nowrap |
|-!
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|}
See also: List of United States representatives from Michigan.
|-! | Ebenezer J. Penniman| | Whig| 1850| | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.| nowrap |
|-! | Charles E. Stuart| | 1847
1848
1850| | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senator.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.| nowrap |
|-! | James L. Conger| | Whig| 1850| | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.| nowrap |
|-! | colspan=3 | None | | New seat.
Democratic gain.| nowrap |
|}
See also: List of United States representatives from Mississippi. Elections held late, from November 7 to 8, 1853
|-! data-sort-value=0 | | colspan=3 | None (new district)| | New seat.
Democratic gain.| nowrap |
|-! | Benjamin D. Nabers| | Unionist| 1851| | Incumbent lost re-election as a Whig.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. | nowrap |
|-! | John A. Wilcox| | Unionist| 1851| | Incumbent lost re-election as a Whig.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. | nowrap |
|-! | John D. Freeman| | Unionist| 1851| | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. | nowrap |
|-! | Albert G. Brown| | Southern Rights| 1847| | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. | nowrap | Wiley P. Harris (Democratic) 100%[6]
|}
See also: List of United States representatives from Missouri.
See also: List of United States representatives from New Hampshire.
See also: List of United States representatives from New Jersey.
See also: List of United States representatives from New York.
See also: List of United States representatives from North Carolina.
See also: List of United States representatives from Ohio.
See also: List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania.
See also: List of United States representatives from Rhode Island.
See also: List of United States representatives from South Carolina.
See also: List of United States representatives from Tennessee.
Elections held late, on August 4, 1853.
|-! rowspan=2 | | Andrew Johnson| | Democratic| 1842| |Incumbent retired to run for Governor.
Democratic loss.| rowspan=2 nowrap | |-| Albert G. Watkins
Redistricted from the .| | Whig| 1849| | Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
|-! | William M. Churchwell
Redistricted from the .| | Democratic| 1851| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap | |-! | colspan=3 | New district| | New member elected.
Democratic gain.| nowrap |
|-! rowspan=2 | | John H. Savage| | Democratic| 1849| |Incumbent retired.
Democratic loss.| rowspan=2 nowrap | |-| William Cullom
Redistricted from the .| | Whig| 1851| Incumbent re-elected.
|-! | colspan=3 | New district| |New member elected.
Whig gain.| nowrap |
|-! rowspan=2 | | William H. Polk| | Independent
Democratic| 1851| |Incumbent retired.
Independent Democratic loss.| rowspan=2 nowrap | George W. Jones (Democratic) 100%[7]
|-| George W. Jones
Redistricted from the .| | Democratic| 1842| Incumbent re-elected.|-! | Meredith P. Gentry| | Whig| 1845| |Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Whig hold.| nowrap |
|-! | colspan=3 | New district| |New member elected.
Whig gain.| nowrap |
|-! rowspan=2 | | Isham G. Harris| | Democratic| 1849| |Incumbent retired.
Democratic loss.| rowspan=2 nowrap | |-| Christopher H. Williams
Redistricted from the .| | Whig| 1849 | Incumbent re-elected.
|-! | Frederick P. Stanton| | Democratic| 1845| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap |
|}
See also: List of United States representatives from Texas.
See also: List of United States representatives from Vermont.
See also: List of United States representatives from Virginia.
See also: List of United States representatives from Wisconsin.
|-! | Charles Durkee| | Free Soil| 1848| | Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.| nowrap |
|-! | Ben C. Eastman| | Democratic| 1850| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap |
|-! | James Duane Doty| | Ind. Democratic| 1848| | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.| nowrap | |}
|-! | Henry Hastings Sibley| | Democratic| 1848
1849
1849 | | Incumbent retired.
New delegate elected.
Democratic hold.| nowrap |
|-! | Richard H. Weightman| | Democratic| 1851| | Incumbent retired.
New delegate elected in 1853.
Democratic hold.| nowrap |
|-! | Joseph Lane| | Democratic| 1851| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap |
|}