| Election Name: | 1852 Vermont gubernatorial election |
| Country: | Vermont |
| Flag Year: | 1837 |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1851 Vermont gubernatorial election |
| Previous Year: | 1851 |
| Next Election: | 1853 Vermont gubernatorial election |
| Next Year: | 1853 |
| Party1: | Whig Party (United States) |
| Nominee1: | Erastus Fairbanks |
| Electoral Vote1: | 117 |
| Popular Vote1: | 23,795 |
| Percentage1: | 49.2% |
| Party2: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Nominee2: | John S. Robinson |
| Electoral Vote2: | 61 |
| Popular Vote2: | 14,938 |
| Percentage2: | 31.3% |
| Map Size: | 220px |
| Party3: | Free Soil Party |
| Nominee3: | Lawrence Brainerd |
| Electoral Vote3: | 40 |
| Popular Vote3: | 9,445 |
| Percentage3: | 19.6% |
| Governor | |
| Before Election: | Charles K. Williams |
| Before Party: | Whig Party (United States) |
| After Election: | Erastus Fairbanks |
| After Party: | Whig Party (United States) |
The 1852 Vermont gubernatorial election was held on Tuesday, September 7.[1] Incumbent governor Charles K. Williams, a Whig, was not a candidate for reelection.[2] In the voting, Whig Erastus Fairbanks received 49.2 percent, Democrat John S. Robinson 31.3 percent, and Free Soil Party nominee Lawrence Brainerd 19.6 percent.[3]
In accordance with the Vermont Constitution, because no candidate received 50 percent of the vote, the election was decided by the Vermont General Assembly.[3] On October 16, with 110 votes by the combined Vermont House of Representatives and Vermont Senate necessary for a choice, Fairbanks won on the first ballot with 117 votes to 61 for Robinson and 40 for Brainerd.[3] On Monday October 18, Fairbanks took the oath of office and began a one-year term.[4]