| Election Name: | 1852 Illinois gubernatorial election |
| Country: | Illinois |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | Yes |
| Previous Election: | 1848 Illinois gubernatorial election |
| Previous Year: | 1848 |
| Next Election: | 1856 Illinois gubernatorial election |
| Next Year: | 1856 |
| Election Date: | November 7, 1852 |
| Image1: | Joel Aldrich Matteson (cropped).png |
| Nominee1: | Joel Aldrich Matteson |
| Party1: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 80,789 |
| Percentage1: | 52.39% |
| Nominee2: | Edwin B. Webb |
| Party2: | Whig Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote2: | 64,408 |
| Percentage2: | 41.76% |
| Image3: | 3x4.svg |
| Nominee3: | D. A. Knowlton |
| Party3: | Free Soil Party |
| Popular Vote3: | 9,024 |
| Percentage3: | 5.85% |
| Map Size: | 300px |
| Governor | |
| Before Election: | Augustus C. French |
| Before Party: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| After Election: | Joel Aldrich Matteson |
| After Party: | Democratic Party (United States) |
The 1852 Illinois gubernatorial election was the tenth election for this office. Democratic governor Augustus C. French did not seek re-election. Democrat Joel Aldrich Matteson was elected to succeed him.At this time in Illinois history the Lieutenant Governor was elected on a separate ballot from the governor. This would remain the case until the adoption of the 1970 constitution.