1848 Dutch general election explained

General elections were held in the Netherlands on 30 November and 4 December 1848.^[1] Held immediately after the Constitutional Reform of 1848, they were the first direct elections to the House of Representatives, and were the first to elect a States General to which government ministers would be responsible.^[2] Voting was restricted to men over the age of 23, and who paid a certain level of taxation. This limited the franchise to 55,728 people,^[3] roughly 11% of the male population over 23, or 2.5% of the total population of the country.^[4] Candidates were elected in districts in a two-round system; if no candidate received over 50% of the vote in the first round, the top two candidates would face a run-off.^[4] The districts had one MP for every 45,000 inhabitants.^[4]

As there were no official political parties until 1879,^[5] all candidates were nominally independents.

Results

By district

District	Member elected	Province	Group	Ref.
Alkmaar		North Holland	Thorbeckian liberal	^[6]
Almelo		Overijssel	Pragmatic liberal	^[7]
Amersfoort		Utrecht	Pragmatic liberal	^[8]
Amsterdam I		North Holland	Pragmatic liberal	^[9]
Amsterdam II		North Holland	Pragmatic liberal	^[10]
Amsterdam III		North Holland	Pragmatic liberal	^[11]
Amsterdam IV		North Holland	Pragmatic liberal	^[12]
Amsterdam V		North Holland	Thorbeckian liberal	^[13]
Appingedam		Groningen	Thorbeckian liberal	^[14]
Arnhem		Gelderland	Pragmatic liberal	^[15]
Assen		Drenthe	Conservative	^[16]
Bergen op Zoom		North Brabant	Thorbeckian liberal	^[17]
Breda		North Brabant	Thorbeckian liberal	^[18]
Brielle		South Holland	Thorbeckian liberal	^[19]
Delft		South Holland	Pragmatic liberal	^[20]
Den Bosch		North Brabant	Conservative liberal	^[21]
Den Haag I		South Holland	Pragmatic liberal	^[22]
Den Haag II		South Holland	Pragmatic liberal	^[23]
Deventer		Overijssel	Pragmatic liberal	^[24]
Doetinchem		Gelderland	Pragmatic liberal	^[25]
Dokkum		Friesland	Thorbeckian liberal	^[26]
Dordrecht		South Holland	Pragmatic liberal	^[27]
Edam		North Holland	Pragmatic liberal	^[28]
Eindhoven		North Brabant	Pragmatic liberal	^[29]
Elst		Utrecht	Pragmatic liberal	^[30]
Enschede		Overijssel	Pragmatic liberal	^[31]
Franeker		Friesland	Conservative	^[32]
Goes		Zeeland	Thorbeckian liberal	^[33]
Gorinchem		South Holland	Pragmatic liberal	^[34]
Gouda		South Holland	Thorbeckian liberal	^[35]
Grave		North Brabant	Pragmatic liberal	^[36]
Groningen		Groningen	Thorbeckian liberal	^[37]
Haarlem		North Holland	Pragmatic liberal	^[38]
Harderwijk		Gelderland	Anti-revolutionary	^[39]
Heerenveen		Friesland	Pragmatic liberal	^[40]
Heerlen		Limburg	Pragmatic liberal	^[41]
Helmond		North Brabant	Thorbeckian liberal	^[42]
Heusden		North Brabant	Conservative	^[43]
Hoogeveen		Drenthe	Ultraconservative	^[44]
Hoorn		North Holland	Conservative	^[45]
Kampen		Overijssel	Pragmatic liberal	^[46]
Leeuwarden		Friesland	Pragmatic liberal	^[47]
Leiden		South Holland	Thorbeckian liberal	^[48]
Leiderdorp		South Holland	Pragmatic liberal	^[49]
Maastricht		Limburg	Conservative (Catholic)	^[50]
Middelburg		Zeeland	Pragmatic liberal	^[51]
Nijmegen		Gelderland	Conservative (Catholic)	^[52]
Onderdendam		Groningen	Pragmatic liberal	^[53]
Ridderkerk		South Holland	Pragmatic liberal	^[54]
Roermond		Limburg	Pragmatic liberal	^[55]
Rotterdam I		South Holland	Pragmatic liberal	^[56]
Rotterdam II		South Holland	Pragmatic liberal	^[57]
Ruurlo		Gelderland	Pragmatic liberal	^[58]
Schiedam		South Holland	Thorbeckian liberal	^[59]
Sittard		Limburg	Pragmatic liberal	^[60]
Sluis		Zeeland	Thorbeckian liberal	^[61]
Sneek		Friesland	Pragmatic liberal	^[62]
Tilburg		North Brabant	Conservative (Catholic)	^[63]
Utrecht		Utrecht	Pragmatic liberal	^[64]
Venlo		Limburg	Conservative (Catholic)	^[65]
Winschoten		Groningen	Thorbeckian liberal	^[66]
IJsselstein		Utrecht	Conservative	^[67]
Zaandam		North Holland	Pragmatic liberal	^[68]
Zaltbommel		Gelderland	Pragmatic liberal	^[69]
Zevenbergen		North Brabant	Thorbeckian liberal	^[70]
Zierikzee		Zeeland	Thorbeckian liberal	^[71]
Zutphen		Gelderland	Thorbeckian liberal	^[72]
Zwolle		Overijssel	Thorbeckian liberal	^[73]

Notes and References

1. [Dieter Nohlen]
2. Nohlen & Stöver, p1380
3. Nohlen & Stöver, p1396
4. Nohlen & Stöver, p1384
5. Nohlen & Stöver, p1393
6. Web site: S.A. de Moraaz . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
7. Web site: Mr. D. (Dirk) Donker Curtius . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
8. Web site: Mr. S. van Walchren . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
9. Web site: Mr. M.H. Godefroi . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
10. Web site: Jhr.Mr. C. Backer . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
11. Web site: Mr. F.A. baron van Hall . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
12. Web site: Mr. J.S. van Naamen . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
13. Web site: Mr. J. Heemskerk Bzn. . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
14. Web site: Dr. R. Westerhoff . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
15. Web site: Mr. J.Th.H. Nedermeijer ridder van Rosenthal . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
16. Web site: Mr. L. graaf van Heiden Reinestein . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
17. Web site: Mr. K.A. Meeussen . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
18. Web site: Mr. L.D. Storm . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
19. Web site: Mr. S.H. Anemaet . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
20. Web site: Mr. W. Wintgens . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
21. Web site: Mr. J.L.A. Luyben . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
22. Web site: Jhr.Mr. W. Boreel van Hogelanden . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
23. Web site: Mr. P.C. Schooneveld . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
24. Web site: Jhr. C.M. Storm van 's-Gravesande . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
25. Web site: Jhr. J.A.Ch.A. van Nispen van Sevenaer . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
26. Web site: I.Th. Ter Bruggen Hugenholtz . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
27. Web site: Mr. J.S. Lotsy . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
28. Web site: J.F. van der Heijde . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
29. Web site: Mr. W.J.C. van Hasselt . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
30. Web site: Mr.Dr. A.W. Engelen . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
31. Web site: Mr. M.J. de Man . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
32. Web site: Mr. J. Dirks . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
33. Web site: Ph.J. Bachiene . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
34. Web site: Mr. A. Boxman . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
35. Web site: Mr. G.M. van der Linden . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
36. Web site: Mr. J.B.J. Hengst . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
37. Web site: Mr. B. Wichers . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
38. Web site: Mr. W.H. van Voorst . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
39. Web site: Mr.Dr. G. (Willem) Groen van Prinsterer . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
40. Web site: Mr. N. van Heloma . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
41. Web site: Jhr. L.L.G.M. Villers de Pité . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
42. Web site: Mr. J.B. Bots . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
43. Web site: C. Schiffer . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
44. Web site: Mr. L.N. graaf van Randwijck . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
45. Web site: E.Th. Scheltinga Winterberg . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
46. Web site: Mr. A.J. Duymaer van Twist . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
47. Web site: Mr. B. Albarda . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
48. Web site: Dr.Mr. J.R. Thorbecke . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
49. Web site: Mr. G.W. Verweij Mejan . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
50. Web site: Mr. E.J.H. Borret . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
51. Web site: Mr. J.J. Slicher van Domburg . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
52. Web site: Jhr. G.E.G.C.K. Dommer van Poldersveldt . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
53. Web site: G. Reinders . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
54. Web site: Mr. W. Wijnaendts . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
55. Web site: Mr. J.L.M. Leclercq . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
56. Web site: Mr. J.L.M. Leclercq . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
57. Web site: A. (Abram) van Rijckevorsel Hzn. . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
58. Web site: Mr. J.P.P. baron van Zuylen van Nijevelt . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
59. Web site: Mr. K.A. Poortman . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
60. Web site: J.J. Lambrechts . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
61. Web site: Mr. D. van Eck . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
62. Web site: Dr. P.J. Costerus . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
63. Web site: Mr. J.A. Mutsaers . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
64. Web site: Mr. J.K. baron van Goltstein . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
65. Web site: Mr. P.L. de Lom de Berg . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
66. Web site: J.F. Zijlker . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
67. Web site: E.C.U. van Doorn . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
68. Web site: Mr. H.J. Smit . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
69. Web site: E.W. van Dam van Isselt . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
70. Web site: Mr. F.J. Jespers . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
71. Web site: Mr. G.A. Fokker . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
72. Web site: Mr. W.H. Dullert . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.
73. Web site: Mr. B.W.A.E. baron Sloet tot Oldhuis . Parlement & Politiek . Dutch . 16 July 2017.