| Election Name: | 1834–35 United States Senate elections |
| Country: | United States |
| Flag Year: | 1822 |
| Type: | legislative |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1832–33 United States Senate elections |
| Next Election: | 1836–37 United States Senate elections |
| Seats For Election: | 16 of the 48 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) |
| Majority Seats: | 25 |
| Election Date: | Dates vary by state |
| 1Blank: | Seats up |
| Party1: | Anti-Jacksonian Party |
| Last Election1: | 23 seats |
| Seats Before1: | 26 |
| Seats1: | 6 |
| Seats After1: | 24 |
| Seat Change1: | 2 |
| 1Data1: | 8 |
| Party2: | Jacksonian Party |
| Last Election2: | 21 seats |
| Seats Before2: | 20 |
| Seats2: | 8 |
| Seats After2: | 22 |
| Seat Change2: | 2 |
| 1Data2: | 7 |
| Party3: | Nullifier Party |
| Last Election3: | 2 seats |
| Seats Before3: | 2 |
| Seats3: | 1 |
| Seats After3: | 2 |
| 1Data3: | 1 |
| Majority Party | |
| Before Party: | Anti-Jacksonian Party (US) |
| After Party: | Anti-Jacksonian Party (US) |
The 1834–35 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1834 and 1835, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 2.
The Anti-Jackson coalition maintained control of the Senate. However, during the 24th Congress, the Jacksonian coalition gained control of the Senate.
Senate party division, 24th Congress (1835–1837)
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In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1834 or before March 4, 1835; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||||||
| Virginia (Class 2) | William Rives | Jacksonian | 1832 | Incumbent resigned February 22, 1834. Successor elected February 26, 1834. Successor was also elected to the next term, see below. National Republican gain. | nowrap | ||||
| Pennsylvania (Class 3) | William Wilkins | Jacksonian | 1832 | Incumbent resigned June 30, 1834, to become U.S. Minister to Russia. New senator elected December 6, 1834. Jacksonian hold. | nowrap | ||||
| Georgia (Class 3) | John Forsyth | Jacksonian | 1818 1819 1829 1830 or 1831 | Incumbent resigned June 27, 1834, to become U.S. Minister to Spain. New senator elected January 12, 1835. Jacksonian hold. | nowrap | ||||
| Maryland (Class 3) | Ezekiel F. Chambers | National Republican | 1826 1831 | Incumbent resigned December 20, 1834, to become judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals. New senator elected January 13, 1835. National Republican hold. | nowrap | ||||
| Maine (Class 2) | Peleg Sprague | National Republican | 1829 | Incumbent resigned January 1, 1835. New senator elected January 20, 1835. Successor was also elected to the next term, see below. Jacksonian gain. | nowrap | ||||
In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1835; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | ||||||
| Alabama | William R. King | Jacksonian | 1819 1822 1828 | Incumbent re-elected in 1834. | nowrap | |||
| Delaware | John M. Clayton | National Republican | 1827 1829 | Incumbent re-elected in 1835. | nowrap | |||
| Georgia | John Pendleton King | Jacksonian | 1833 | Incumbent re-elected in 1834. | nowrap | |||
| Illinois | John M. Robinson | Jacksonian | 1830 | Incumbent re-elected in 1835. | nowrap | |||
| Kentucky | George M. Bibb | Jacksonian | 1829 | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. New senator elected in 1835. National Republican gain. | nowrap | |||
| Louisiana | George A. Waggaman | National Republican | 1831 | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. New senator elected in 1835, but due to ill-health, resigned without having been seated. National Republican loss. | nowrap | |||
| Maine | Peleg Sprague | National Republican | 1829 | Incumbent resigned December 20, 1834, to become judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals. New senator elected January 19, 1835. Jacksonian gain. Successor was also elected the same day to finish the term, see above. | nowrap | |||
| Massachusetts | Nathaniel Silsbee | National Republican | 1826 1828 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1835. National Republican hold. | nowrap | |||
| Mississippi | George Poindexter | National Republican | 1830 1830 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1835. Jacksonian gain. | nowrap | |||
| New Hampshire | Samuel Bell | National Republican | 1823 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1835. Jacksonian gain. | nowrap | |||
| New Jersey | Theodore Frelinghuysen | National Republican | 1829 | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. New senator elected in 1835. Jacksonian gain. | nowrap | |||
| North Carolina | Bedford Brown | Jacksonian | 1829 | Incumbent re-elected in 1835. | nowrap | |||
| Rhode Island | Nehemiah R. Knight | National Republican | 1821 1823 1829 | Incumbent re-elected May 13, 1835. | nowrap | |||
| South Carolina | John C. Calhoun | Nullifier | 1832 | Incumbent re-elected in 1834. | nowrap | |||
| Tennessee | Hugh Lawson White | Jacksonian | 1825 1829 | Incumbent re-elected in 1835 as National Republican. National Republican gain. | nowrap | |||
| Virginia | Benjamin W. Leigh | National Republican | 1834 | Incumbent re-elected in 1835. | nowrap | |||
In this special election, the winner was seated in 1835 after March 4; ordered by election date.
In these elections, the winners were not seated until 1837.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Michigan (Class 1) | New state | New state. New senator was elected in November 1835 but not seated until January 6, 1837, due to a territorial dispute with Ohio. Jacksonian gain. | nowrap | ||
| Michigan (Class 2) | New state. New senator was elected in November 1835 but not seated until January 6, 1837, due to a territorial dispute with Ohio. Jacksonian gain. | nowrap | |||
See also: List of United States senators from Alabama.
See also: List of United States senators from Connecticut.
See also: List of United States senators from Delaware.
See also: List of United States senators from Georgia. Georgia had two elections this cycle: a regular election for the class 2 seat and a special election for the class 3 seat.
In the class 2 seat, incumbent Jacksonian John Pendleton King, who had served since winning an 1833 special election, was re-elected sometime in 1834.
In the class 3 seat, incumbent Jacksonian John Forsyth, who had served since winning an 1829 special election, resigned June 27, 1834, to become U.S. Minister to Spain.
Jacksonian Alfred Cuthbert was elected January 12, 1835.
See also: List of United States senators from Illinois.
See also: List of United States senators from Kentucky.
See also: List of United States senators from Louisiana.
See also: List of United States senators from Maine.
Maine had two elections this cycle, both for the class 2 seat.
Incumbent Anti-Jacksonian Peleg Sprague, who was elected in 1829, resigned January 1, 1835.
Jacksonian John Ruggles won both elections.
Jacksonian John Ruggles was elected January 19, 1835, to the next term. He was then elected to finish the current term, see below.
Jacksonian John Ruggles was elected January 20, 1835, to finish the term that would end March 3, 1835.
See also: List of United States senators from Maryland.
| Election Name: | 1835 United States Senate special election in Maryland |
| Popular Vote1: | 53 |
| Colour1: | F0C862 |
| Percentage1: | 80.95% |
| Party1: | Whig Party (United States) |
| Candidate1: | Robert H. Goldsborough |
| Popular Vote2: | 15 |
| Percentage2: | 17.86% |
| Candidate2: | No votes |
| Next Year: | 1836 |
| Next Election: | 1836 United States Senate special election in Maryland |
| Previous Year: | 1831 |
| Previous Election: | 1831 United States Senate election in Maryland |
| Votes For Election: | 80 members of the Maryland General Assembly |
| Vote Type: | Legislative |
| Election Date: | January 7, 1835 |
| Type: | presidential |
Ezekiel F. Chambers won election over non-voters by a margin of 63.10%, or 53 votes, for the Class 3 seat.[2]
See also: List of United States senators from Massachusetts.
See main article: 1835 United States Senate elections in Michigan.
See also: List of United States senators from Michigan. The new state of Michigan elected its new senators in 1835, both Jacksonians: Lucius Lyon (Class 1) and John Norvell (Class 2). They were not seated until January 26, 1837, due to a territorial dispute with Ohio.
See also: List of United States senators from Mississippi.
See also: List of United States senators from New Hampshire.
See also: List of United States senators from New Jersey.
See also: List of United States senators from North Carolina.
See main article: 1834 United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania.
See also: List of United States senators from Pennsylvania.
See also: List of United States senators from Rhode Island.
See also: List of United States senators from South Carolina.
See also: List of United States senators from Tennessee.
See also: List of United States senators from Virginia.
Virginia had two elections this cycle, both for the class 2 seat.
Incumbent Jacksonian William Rives, who had just won the 1832 special election, resigned February 22, 1834.
Anti-Jacksonian Benjamin W. Leigh won both elections.
Anti-Jacksonian Benjamin W. Leigh was re-elected sometime in 1835 to the next term.
Anti-Jacksonian Benjamin W. Leigh was elected February 26, 1834, to finish the term that would end March 3, 1835. He was then elected to the next term, see above.