1832–33 United States Senate elections explained

Election Name:	1832–33 United States Senate elections
Country:	United States
Flag Year:	1822
Type:	legislative
Ongoing:	no
Previous Election:	1830–31 United States Senate elections
Next Election:	1834–35 United States Senate elections
Seats For Election:	16 of the 48 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections)
Majority Seats:	25
Election Date:	Dates vary by state
1Blank:	Seats up
Party1:	Anti-Jacksonian Party
Last Election1:	20 seats
Seats Before1:	22
Seats1:	8
Seats After1:	23
Seat Change1:	1
1Data1:	7
Party2:	Jacksonian Party
Last Election2:	26 seats
Seats Before2:	24
Seats2:	6
Seats After2:	21
Seat Change2:	3
1Data2:	9
Party4:	Nullifier Party
Last Election4:	1 seat
Seats Before4:	2
Seats4:	0
Seats After4:	2
1Data4:	0
Majority Party
Before Party:	Jacksonian Party (US)
After Party:	Anti-Jacksonian Party (US)

The 1832–33 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1832 and 1833, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.^[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1.

The Anti-Jacksonian coalition assumed control of the Senate from the Jacksonian coalition, despite Andrew Jackson's victory in the 1832 presidential election.

Change in composition

Before the elections

After the January 3, 1832 special election in Indiana.

							AJ		AJ		AJ		AJ
width=50px	AJ	width=50px	AJ	width=50px	AJ	width=50px	AJ	width=50px	AJ	width=50px	AJ	width=50px	AJ	width=50px	AJ	width=50px	AJ	width=50px	AJ
	AJ		AJ		AJ		AJ		AJ		AJ		AJ		AJ		N		N
Majority (with VP tie-breaking vote) →	J
	J		J		J		J		J		J		J		J		J
	J		J		J		J		J		J		J		J		J		J
							J		J		J		J

As a result of the regular elections

							AJ		AJ		AJ		AJ
width=50px	AJ	width=50px	AJ	width=50px	AJ	width=50px	AJ	width=50px	AJ	width=50px	AJ	width=50px	AJ	width=50px	AJ	width=50px	AJ	width=50px	AJ
	AJ		AJ		AJ		AJ		AJ		AJ		AJ		AJ		AJ		N
Plurality ↑	N
	J		J		J		J		J		J		J		V		V
	J		J		J		J		J		J		J		J		J		J
							J		J		J		J

At the beginning of the first session, December 2, 1833

							AJ		AJ		AJ		AJ
width=50px	AJ	width=50px	AJ	width=50px	AJ	width=50px	AJ	width=50px	AJ	width=50px	AJ	width=50px	AJ	width=50px	AJ	width=50px	AJ	width=50px	AJ
	AJ		AJ		AJ		AJ		AJ		AJ		AJ		AJ		AJ		AJ
Majority →	AJ
	J		J		J		J		J		V		N		N		AJ
	J		J		J		J		J		J		J		J		J		J
							J		J		J		J

Key:

align=center	AJ	= Anti-Jacksonian
align=center	J	= Jacksonian
align=center	N	= Nullfier
align=center	V	= Vacant

Race summaries

Special elections during the 22nd Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1832 or before March 4, 1833; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Indiana (Class 1)	Robert Hanna		Anti-Jacksonian	1831		Interim appointee retired when elected successor qualified. New senator elected January 3, 1832. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below. Jacksonian gain.	nowrap
Virginia (Class 2)	Littleton Waller Tazewell		Jacksonian	1824 1829		Incumbent resigned July 16, 1832. New senator elected December 10, 1832. Jacksonian hold.	nowrap
South Carolina (Class 2)	Robert Y. Hayne		Nullifier	1822 1828		Incumbent resigned December 13, 1832 to become Governor of South Carolina. New senator elected December 29, 1832. Nullifier hold.	nowrap
New York (Class 3)	William L. Marcy		Jacksonian	1831		Incumbent resigned January 1, 1833 to become Governor of New York. New senator elected January 4, 1833. Jacksonian hold.	nowrap

Races leading to the 23rd Congress

In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1833; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Connecticut	Samuel A. Foot	nowrap	Anti-Jacksonian	1826		Incumbent lost re-election, and was then elected to the U.S. House of Representatives instead. New senator elected in 1832. Anti-Jacksonian hold.	nowrap
Delaware	Arnold Naudain	nowrap	Anti-Jacksonian	1830	Incumbent re-elected in 1832.	nowrap
Indiana	John Tipton	nowrap	Jacksonian	1832	Incumbent re-elected in 1832.	nowrap
Maine	John Holmes	nowrap	Anti-Jacksonian	1820 1820 1826 1829		Retired. Winner elected January 23, 1833. Jacksonian gain	nowrap
Maryland	Samuel Smith	nowrap	Jacksonian	1802 1809 1815 1822 1827		Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in 1833. Anti-Jacksonian gain	nowrap
Massachusetts	Daniel Webster	nowrap	Anti-Jacksonian	1827	Incumbent re-elected in 1833.	nowrap
Mississippi	John Black	nowrap	Jacksonian	1832		Legislature failed to elect. Jacksonian loss. Incumbent would later be elected as an Anti-Jacksonian, see below.
Missouri	Thomas H. Benton	nowrap	Jacksonian	1821 1827	Incumbent re-elected in 1833.	nowrap
New Jersey	Mahlon Dickerson		Jacksonian	1817 1823 1829 1829		Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in 1833. Anti-Jacksonian gain.	nowrap
New York	Charles E. Dudley	nowrap	Jacksonian	1829		Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1833. Jacksonian hold.	nowrap
Ohio	Benjamin Ruggles	nowrap	Anti-Jacksonian	1815 1821 1827		Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1833. Jacksonian gain.	nowrap
Pennsylvania	George M. Dallas	nowrap	Jacksonian	1831		Incumbent retired. Legislature failed to elect. Jacksonian loss.	nowrap
Rhode Island	Asher Robbins	nowrap	Anti-Jacksonian	1825 1827	Incumbent re-elected January 19, 1833.	nowrap
Tennessee	Felix Grundy	nowrap	Jacksonian	1829	Incumbent re-elected in 1833.	nowrap
Vermont	Horatio Seymour	nowrap	Anti-Jacksonian	1821 1827	nowrap	Incumbent retired to run for Vermont Governor. New senator elected in 1833. Anti-Jacksonian hold.	nowrap
Virginia	John Tyler	nowrap	Jacksonian	1827		Incumbent re-elected as an Anti-Jacksonian in 1833. Anti-Jacksonian gain.	nowrap

Elections during the 23rd Congress

There were two late regular elections and two special elections, in which the winners were seated in 1833 after March 4. They are ordered here by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Georgia (Class 3)	George Troup		Jacksonian	1816 1816 1818 1828		Incumbent resigned November 8, 1833. Successor elected November 21, 1833. Jacksonian hold.	nowrap
Mississippi (Class 1)	Vacant				Legislature had failed to elect and the seat was vacant from March 4, 1833. Incumbent Jacksonian appointee was then elected as an Anti-Jacksonian late November 22, 1833. Anti-Jacksonian gain.	nowrap
South Carolina (Class 3)	Stephen D. Miller		Nullifier	1830		Incumbent resigned March 2, 1833 due to ill health. Successor elected November 26, 1833. Nullifier hold.	nowrap
Pennsylvania (Class 1)	Vacant				Legislature had previously failed to elect. Successor elected late December 7, 1833. Jacksonian gain.	nowrap

Connecticut

Delaware

Georgia (special)

See also: List of United States senators from Georgia. Jacksonian George Troup resigned November 8, 1833 and Jacksonian John Pendleton King was elected November 21, 1833 to finish the term that would end March 3, 1835.

Indiana

Class 1 Anti-Jacksonian senator James Noble died February 26, 1831, having served in office since statehood in 1816. Anti-Jacksonian Robert Hanna was appointed August 19, 1831 to serve until a special election, and Hanna did not run for the seat.

Indiana (special)

On January 3, 1832, Jacksonian John Tipton was elected to finish Noble's term, ending March 3, 1833.

Indiana (regular)

That same day, Jacksonian John Tipton was also elected to the next term, beginning March 4, 1833.

Maine

Maryland

Election Name:	1833 United States Senate election in Maryland
Popular Vote1:	61
Colour1:	FFE6B0
Percentage1:	70.93%
Party1:	National Republican
Candidate1:	Joseph Kent
Image1:	Joseph Kent of Maryland.jpg
Popular Vote2:	25
Colour2:	DDEEFF
Percentage2:	29.07
Party2:	Jacksonian democracy
Candidate2:	Samuel Smith
Next Year:	1838
Next Election:	1838 United States Senate special election in Maryland
Previous Year:	1827
Previous Election:	1827 United States Senate election in Maryland
Votes For Election:	80 members of the Maryland General Assembly
Vote Type:	Legislative
Election Date:	January 25, 1833
Type:	presidential

Joseph Kent won election over Samuel Smith by a margin of 41.86%, or 36 votes, for the Class 1 seat.^[2]

Massachusetts

Mississippi

Jacksonian senator Powhatan Ellis resigned July 16, 1832 to become a U.S. District Judge. The governor appointed Jacksonian John Black to finish the term. But when the term ended March 3, 1833, the legislature had failed to appoint a successor.

Black was eventually elected to the seat November 22, 1833, this time as an Anti-Jacksonian.

Missouri

New Jersey

New York

New York (special)

See main article: 1833 United States Senate special election in New York. William L. Marcy had been elected in 1831 to the class 3 seat. In November 1832, Marcy was elected Governor, and upon taking office resigned his Senate seat on January 1, 1833.

On January 4, 1833, Silas Wright Jr. was the choice of both the Assembly and the Senate and was declared elected.

**1833 United States Senate special election result**
! Candidate! Party! Senate
(32 members)! Assembly
(128 members)
Silas Wright Jr.	Jacksonian	24	99
John C. Spencer	Anti-Mason	3	8
James Burt		1	2
Gerrit Smith		1	1
James Kent			4
Albert Gallatin			3
Gideon Hawley			3
John Birdsall	Anti-Mason		1
Myron Holley			1
William Thompson			1
Albert H. Tracy	Anti-Mason		1
Samuel A. Foot			1

New York (regular)

See main article: 1833 United States Senate election in New York. For the regular election, Nathaniel P. Tallmadge received majorities in both the Assembly and the Senate, and was declared elected. Due to the controversy about his eligibility, he received only very small majorities - one more than necessary in the Senate, and four more than necessary in the Assembly - although his party had large majorities in both houses of the Legislature.

**1833 United States Senator election result**
House	Jacksonian		Anti-Mason/National Republican		Jacksonian
State Senate (32 members)	Nathaniel P. Tallmadge	18	Francis Granger	6	Benjamin F. Butler	2
State Assembly (128 members)	Nathaniel P. Tallmadge	69	Francis Granger	25	Benjamin F. Butler	12

Ohio

Pennsylvania

See main article: 1832–33 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania.

See also: List of United States senators from Pennsylvania. The election was held on eleven separate dates from December 1832 to December 1833. On December 7, 1833, Samuel McKean was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate.^[3] ^[4]

The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, convened on December 11, 1832, for the regularly scheduled Senate election for the term beginning on March 4, 1833. A total of thirty-six ballots were recorded. Ballots 1-17 were recorded on four separate dates (11th, 12th, 13th, 15th) in December 1832. Ballots 18-21 were recorded on two separate dates (9th and 10th) in January 1833. Ballots 22-29 were recorded on two separate dates (19th and 20th) in February 1833. The thirtieth ballot was recorded on March 12, 1833, followed by three additional ballots on April 2. Following the thirty-third ballot on April 2, the election convention adjourned sine die without electing a Senator.^[3]

Upon the expiration of incumbent George M. Dallas's term on March 4, 1833, the seat was vacated. It was vacant until the election convention of the General Assembly re-convened on December 7, 1833, and elected Jacksonian Samuel McKean to the seat after three additional ballots.^[4] The results of the third and final ballot (thirty-sixth ballot in total) of both houses combined during the December 7 session are as follows:

|-|-bgcolor="#EEEEEE"| colspan="3" | Totals| 133| 100.00%|}

Rhode Island

South Carolina (special)

See also: List of United States senators from South Carolina. There were two special elections to the U.S. Senate in South Carolina during this cycle.

South Carolina (special, class 2)

The first election, on December 29, 1832, was to the class 2 seat held by Nullifier Robert Y. Hayne, who had resigned December 13, 1832 to become Governor of South Carolina. That election, for the term ending March 3, 1835, was won by Nullifier John C. Calhoun.

South Carolina (special, class 3)

The second election, on November 25, 1833, was to the Class 3 seat held by Nullifier Stephen D. Miller, who had resigned March 2, 1833. That election, for the term ending March 3, 1837, was won by Nullifier William C. Preston.

Tennessee

Vermont

Virginia

Virginia (special)

Incumbent Jacksonian senator Littleton Tazewell resigned July 16, 1832 to become Governor of Virginia. On December 10, 1832, Jacksonian William C. Rives was elected to finish the Class 2 seat's term ending March 3, 1837. He would only serve, however, until his February 22, 1834 resignation.

Virginia (regular)

Incumbent senator (and future president), John Tyler was re-elected to the Class 1 seat in 1833, changing from Jacksonian to Anti-Jacksonian.

References

Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov
The New York Civil List compiled in 1858 (see: pg. 63 for U.S. Senators; pg. 129 for State Senators 1833; pg. 213f for Members of Assembly 1833)
Members of the 23rd United States Congress
History of Political Parties in the State of New-York, Vol. II by Jabez Delano Hammond (•State election, 1832 State election: pg. 424; Speaker election, 1833 Speaker election: pg. 430; U.S. Senate election, 1833 Senate election: pg. 432f)
Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006 from the Wilkes University Election Statistics Project

Notes and References

Web site: 17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913). National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
Web site: Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Jan 25, 1833. 2022-11-05. www.ourcampaigns.com.
Web site: U.S. Senate Election - 1832-33. Wilkes University. December 22, 2012.
Web site: U.S. Senate Election - 7 December 1833. Wilkes University. December 22, 2012.