1830 United States census explained

1830 United States census
Country:	United States
Population:	12,866,020
Percent Change:	33.5%
Region Type:	state
Most Populous:	New York 1,918,608
Least Populous:	Delaware 76,748
Authority:	Office of the United States Marshal
Previous Census:	1820 United States census
Previous Year:	1820
Next Census:	1840 United States census
Next Year:	1840

The 1830 United States census, the fifth census undertaken in the United States, was conducted on June 1, 1830. The only loss of census records for 1830 involved some countywide losses in Massachusetts, Maryland, and Mississippi.

It determined the population of the 24 states to be 12,866,020, of which 2,009,043 were slaves. The center of population was about 170 miles (274 km) west of Washington, D.C. in present-day Grant County, West Virginia.

This was the first census in which a cityNew Yorkrecorded a population of over 200,000.

Census questions

The 1830 census asked these questions:^[1]

Name of head of family
Address
Number of free white males and females
- in five-year age groups to age 20
- in 10-year age groups from 20 to 100
- 100 years and older
number of slaves and free colored persons in six age groups
number of deaf and dumb
- under 14 years old
- 14 to 24 years old
- 25 years and older
number of blind
foreigners not naturalized

Data availability

No microdata from the 1830 population census are available, but aggregate data for small areas, together with compatible cartographic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System.

State rankings

Rank	State	Population
01	New York	1,918,608
02	Pennsylvania	1,348,233
03	Virginia ^[2]	1,220,978
04	Ohio	937,903
05	North Carolina	737,987
06	Kentucky	687,917
07	Tennessee	681,904
08	Massachusetts	610,408
09	South Carolina	581,185
10	Georgia	516,823
11	Maryland	447,040
12	Maine	399,455
13	Indiana	343,031
14	New Jersey	320,823
15	Alabama	309,527
16	Connecticut	297,675
17	Vermont	280,652
18	New Hampshire	269,328
19	Louisiana	215,739
X	West Virginia ^[3]	176,924
20	Illinois	157,445
21	Missouri	140,455
22	Mississippi	136,621
23	Rhode Island	97,199
24	Delaware	76,748
X	Florida	34,730
X	Arkansas	30,388
X	District of Columbia ^[4]	30,261
X	Michigan	28,004
X	Wisconsin	3,635

Apportionment Populations^[5]

In the U.S. Constitution, Article 1, Section 2, Clause 3 states:In order to correctly apportion Representatives pursuant to this Census, it was necessary for the Census to compute not only the total population of each state, but the number of free persons and slaves, and then to compute the apportionment population, or Federal number, for each state (and territory) by adding three-fifths of the slave population to the free population. (This was computed by county, so the totals for each state may be off by as many as 1.2 persons due to rounding.)

State	Total	Free	Slave	Federal
Maine	399437	399431	6	399434
New Hampshire	269328	269323	5	269326
Massachusetts	610408	610404	4	610406
Rhode Island	97199	97185	14	97193
Connecticut	297675	297650	25	297665
Vermont	280657	280657		280657
New York	1918608	1918532	76	1918577
New Jersey	320823	318569	2254	319922
Pennsylvania	1348233	1347830	403	1348072
Delaware	76748	73456	3292	75431
Maryland	447040	344046	102994	405842
Virginia	1211405	741648	469757	1023502
North Carolina	737987	492386	245601	639747
South Carolina	581185	265784	315401	455025
Georgia	516823	299292	217531	429810
Kentucky	687917	522704	165213	621832
Tennessee	681903	540300	141603	625263
Ohio	935884	935878	6	935882
Louisiana	215739	106151	109588	171904
Indiana	343031	343028	3	343030
Mississippi	136621	70962	65659	110358
Illinois	157445	156698	747	157147
Alabama	309527	191978	117549	262508
Missouri	140455	115364	25091	130419
Territory of Michigan	31639	31607	32	31625
Territory of Arkansas	30388	25812	4576	28557
Territory of Florida	34730	19229	15501	28529
District of Columbia	39834	33715	6119	37389

City rankings

Rank	Population	Region (2016)^[6]
01	202,589	Northeast
02	80,620	South
03	80,462	Northeast
04	61,392	Northeast
05	46,082	South
06	30,289	South
07	28,872	Northeast
08	24,831	Midwest
09	24,209	Northeast
10	20,581	Northeast
11	18,826	South
12	16,833	Northeast
13	16,060	South
14	13,895	Northeast
15	13,394	Northeast
16	12,598	Northeast
17	12,568	Northeast
18	12,406	Northeast
19	11,556	Northeast
20	11,140	Northeast
21	10,953	Northeast
22	10,341	South
23	10,180	Northeast
24	9,814	South
25	9,207	Northeast
26	8,783	Northeast
27	8,668	Northeast
28	8,441	South
29	8,323	Northeast
30	8,322	South
31	8,241	South
32	8,026	Northeast
33	8,010	Northeast
34	7,704	Northeast
35	7,592	Northeast
36	7,510	Northeast
37	7,303	South
38	7,202	Northeast
39	7,074	Northeast
40	6,857	Northeast
41	6,822	Northeast
42	6,784	Northeast
43	6,710	South
44	6,628	South
45	6,474	Northeast
46	6,375	Northeast
47	6,138	Northeast
48	6,072	Northeast
49	6,042	Northeast
50	6,026	South
51	5,856	Northeast
52	5,566	South
53	5,529	Northeast
54	5,449	Northeast
55	5,392	Northeast
56	5,247	Northeast
57	5,149	Northeast
58	5,128	Northeast
59	5,008	Northeast
60	4,977	Midwest
61	4,805	Northeast
62	4,758	Northeast
63	4,630	South
64	4,530	Northeast
65	4,486	Northeast
66	4,427	South
67	4,335	Northeast
68	4,312	Northeast
69	4,311	Northeast
70	4,268	Northeast
71	4,239	Northeast
72	4,228	Northeast
73	4,216	Northeast
74	4,173	Northeast
75	4,158	Northeast
76	4,074	Northeast
77	4,073	Northeast
78	3,972	Northeast
79	3,969	Northeast
80	3,925	Northeast
81	3,896	Northeast
82	3,887	Northeast
83	3,851	Northeast
84	3,816	Northeast
85	3,801	Northeast
86	3,796	South
87	3,791	South
88	3,782	Northeast
89	3,720	Northeast
90	3,707	Northeast
91	3,675	Northeast
92	3,663	Northeast
93	3,559	Northeast
94	3,529	Northeast
95	3,526	Northeast
96	3,503	Northeast
97	3,455	Northeast
98	3,399	Northeast
99	3,371	South
100	3,352	Northeast	-	101	3,310	South
102	3,308	South
103	3,254	Northeast
104	3,194	South
105	3,135	Northeast
106	3,123	Northeast
107	3,094	Midwest
108	3,084	Northeast
109	2,950	Midwest
110	2,937	Midwest
111	2,898	Northeast
112	2,868	South
113	2,867	Northeast
114	2,846	Midwest
115	2,801	Northeast
116	2,789	South
117	2,653	Northeast
118	2,623	South -->

Notes and References

Web site: Library Bibliography Bulletin 88, New York State Census Records, 1790–1925. 43 (p.49 of PDF). October 1981. New York State Library.
Total Virginia population represented here, including future state of West Virginia.
Between 1790 and 1860, the state of West Virginia was part of Virginia; the data presented here reflects the present-day boundary.
The District of Columbia is not a state but was created with the passage of the Residence Act of 1790. The territory that formed that federal capital was originally donated by both Maryland and Virginia; however, the Virginia portion was returned by Congress in 1846.
Web site: U.S. Census Bureau . 1830 Census: Abstract of the returns of the Fifth Census .
Web site: Regions and Divisions . U.S. Census Bureau . September 9, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161203020637/http://www.census.gov/econ/census/help/geography/regions_and_divisions.html . December 3, 2016 . dead . mdy-all .