1815 in Germany explained

Events from the year 1815 in Germany.

Incumbents

Kingdoms

• Kingdom of Prussia
  • Monarch – Frederick William III of Prussia (16 November 1797 – 7 June 1840)^[1]
• Kingdom of Bavaria
  • Maximilian I (1 January 1806 – 13 October 1825)
• Kingdom of Saxony
  • Frederick Augustus I (20 December 1806 – 5 May 1827)
• Kingdom of Hanover
  • George III (25 October 1760 –29 January 1820)
• Kingdom of Württemberg
  • Frederick I (22 December 1797 – 30 October 1816)

Grand Duchies

• Grand Duke of Baden
  • Charles 10 June 1811 – 8 December 1818^[2]
• Grand Duke of Hesse
  • Louis I (14 August 1806 – 6 April 1830)^[3]
• Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
  • Frederick Francis I– (24 April 1785 – 1 February 1837)
• Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
  • Charles II (2 June 1794 – 6 November 1816)^[4]
• Grand Duke of Oldenburg
  • Wilhelm (6 July 1785 –2 July 1823) Due to mental illness, Wilhelm was duke in name only, with his cousin Peter, Prince-Bishop of Lübeck, acting as regent throughout his entire reign.^[5]
  • Peter I (2 July 1823 - 21 May 1829)^[5]
• Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
  • Karl August (1809–1815)

Principalities

• Schaumburg-Lippe
  • George William (13 February 1787 - 1860)
• Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
  • Friedrich Günther (28 April 1807 - 28 June 1867)^[6]
• Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
  • Günther Friedrich Karl I (14 October 1794 - 19 August 1835)
• Principality of Lippe
  • Leopold II (5 November 1802 - 1 January 1851)^[7]
• Principality of Reuss-Greiz
  • Heinrich XIII (28 June 1800-29 January 1817)
• Waldeck and Pyrmont
  • George II (9 September 1813 - 15 May 1845)

Duchies

• Duke of Anhalt-Dessau
  • Leopold III (16 December 1751 – 9 August 1817)^[8]
• Duke of Brunswick
  • Frederick William (16 October 1806 – 16 June 1815)
  • Charles II (16 June 1815 – 9 September 1830)^[9]
• Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
  • Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (1780–1826) - Frederick
• Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
  • Ernest I (9 December 1806 – 12 November 1826)^[10]
• Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
  • Bernhard II (24 December 1803–20 September 1866)^[11]
• Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck
  • Frederick Charles Louis (24 February 1775 – 25 March 1816)^[12]

Events

• 3 January – Austria, Britain, and Bourbon-restored France form a secret defensive alliance treaty against Prussia and Russia.

• 9 June – The Final Act of the Congress of Vienna is signed: A new European political situation is set. The German Confederation and Congress Poland are created, and the neutrality of Switzerland is guaranteed. Also, Luxembourg declares independence from the French Empire.
• 16 June-Napoleonic Wars – Battle of Ligny: Napoleon defeats a Prussian army under Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher.
• 2 August – Napoleonic Wars: Representatives of the United Kingdom, Austria, Russia and Prussia sign a convention at Paris, declaring that Napoleon Bonaparte is "their prisoner" and that "His safekeeping is entrusted to the British Government."^[13]
• 26 September – Austria, Prussia and Russia sign a Holy Alliance, to uphold the European status quo.^[14]
• 20 November – The Napoleonic Wars come to an end after 12 years, with the British government restoring the status quo of France, prior to when the French Revolution began in 1789.

Births

• 15 January – Bertha Wehnert-Beckmann, German photographer (d. 1901)
• 11 March – Anna Bochkoltz, German operatic soprano, voice teacher and composer (d. 1879)^[15]
• 1 April- Otto von Bismarck, German statesman (d. 1898)
• 6 April – Robert Volkmann, German composer (d. 1883)
• 18 June – Ludwig Freiherr von und zu der Tann-Rathsamhausen, Bavarian general (d. 1881)
• 26 July – Robert Remak, German embryologist, physiologist and neurologist (d. 1865)
• 31 October – Karl Weierstrass, German mathematician (d. 1897)
• 8 December – Adolph Menzel, German artist, painter (d. 1905)

Deaths

• 5 March – Franz Mesmer, German developer of animal magnetism (b. 1734)
• 11 May – Aletta Haniel, German business person (b. 1742)
• 16 June – Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, German noble, general (killed in battle) (b. 1771)
• 3 July – Friedrich Wilhelm von Reden, German pioneer in mining and metallurgy (b. 1752)

Notes and References

1. Web site: Tikkanen . Amy . 30 July 2018 . Federick William III . 2022-09-21 . Encyclopaedia Britannica.
2. Web site: von Weech. Friedrich. Karl Ludwig Friedrich. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie. 25 July 2010. Onlinefassung. German.
3. Book: Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans. Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living . 1768. Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. Bourdeaux. fr. 38.
4. Book: Huish, Robert . Public and Private Life His Late Excellent and most Gracious Majesty George The Third . T. Kelly . 1821 . 170 .
5. Web site: Oldenburg Royal Family . Monarchies of Europe . https://web.archive.org/web/20060317161934/http://www.btinternet.com/~allan_raymond/Oldenburg_Royal_Family.htm . 1 January 2021. 17 March 2006 .
6. Web site: Monarchies of Europe. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20070614023242/http://www.btinternet.com/~allan_raymond/Mecklenburg_Strelitz_Royal_Family.htm. 14 June 2007.
7. Book: 1850 . . 87th . . 38 .
8. J. Morley, "The Bauhaus Effect," in Social Utopias of the Twenties (Germany: Müller Bushmann press, 1995), 11.
9. Gerhard Schildt: Von der Restauration zur Reichsgründungszeit, in Horst-Rüdiger Jarck / Gerhard Schildt (eds.), Die Braunschweigische Landesgeschichte. Jahrtausendrückblick einer Region, Braunschweig 2000, pp. 753–766.
10. Ernest I.. 9. 751.
11. Web site: Biografie Georg I (German). Meininger Museen. 8 September 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20110915152148/http://www.meiningermuseen.de/pages/schloss/personen/herzogliche-familie/georg-i.php. 15 September 2011. dead.
12. Book: Albinus, Robert. Lexikon der Stadt Königsberg Pr. und Umgebung. Verlag Gerhard Rautenberg. 1985. 3-7921-0320-6. Leer. 371. de.
13. Charles Jean Tristan, Count Montholon, History of the Captivity of Napoleon at St. Helen (E. Ferrett & Company, 1846) p83
14. Tim Chapman, The Congress of Vienna 1814-1815 (Routledge, 2006) p60
15. Book: Wier, Albert E.. The Macmillan Encyclopedia of Music and Musicians. New York. Macmillan. 1938. 1031758679. 197.