1814 in France explained

Events from the year 1814 in France.

Incumbents

Monarch - Napoleon I (abdicated 6 April),^[1] then Louis XVIII^[2]

Events

26 January - First Battle of Saint-Dizier, French victory over Russian forces.
29 January - Battle of Brienne, French victory over Prussian and Russian forces.
1 February - Battle of La Rothière, Prussian victory over French forces.
10 February - Battle of Champaubert, decisive French victory over Prussia/Russia.
11 February - Battle of Montmirail, French victory.
12 February - Battle of Château-Thierry, French victory against Prussian forces.
14 February - Battle of Vauchamps, French victory.
17 February - Battle of Mormant, French victory.
18 February - Battle of Montereau, French victory over Austrian forces.
27 February - Battle of Bar-sur-Aube, Austrian victory.
27 February - Peninsular War: Battle of Orthez, Anglo-Portuguese victory over French forces.
7 March - Battle of Craonne, French victory.
9 March-10 March - Battle of Laon, French defeat.
10 March - Napoleon rejects the proposed Treaty of Chaumont.
12 March - Louis-Antoine, Duke of Angoulême enters Bordeaux, marking the restoration of the Bourbon dynasty.
19 March - Battle of Reims, French victory.
20 March-21 March - Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube, Austrian victory over French forces.
25 March - Battle of La Fère-Champenoise, Prussian victory.
26 March - Second Battle of Saint-Dizier, French victory over Russian forces.
30 March - Battle of Montmartre, Austrian/Prussian victory.
30 March-31 March - Battle of Paris, decisive victory for Austria/Russia/Prussia.
31 March - Paris is occupied by Austrian and Prussian forces.
6 April - Napoleon abdicates. Louis XVIII of France accedes to the throne.
10 April - Peninsular War: Battle of Toulouse, indecisive.
11 April - Treaty of Fontainebleau, Napoleon is stripped of his powers as ruler of the French Empire.
30 May - Treaty of Paris, ends the war between France and the Sixth Coalition and Napoleon I of France is exiled to Elba.

Births

January to March

6 January - Hyacinthe de Valroger, Roman Catholic priest and Oratorian (died 1876)
15 January - Pierre-Jules Hetzel, editor and publisher (died 1886)
17 January - Hippolyte Lucas, entomologist (died 1899)
27 January - Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, architect and theorist (died 1879)
30 January - Jules Lequier, philosopher (died 1862)
6 February - Auguste Chapdelaine, Christian missionary to China (died 1856)
26 February - Charles Joseph Sainte-Claire Deville, geologist and meteorologist (died 1876)
28 February - Edmond Frémy, chemist (died 1894)

April to June

19 April - Louis Amédée Achard, novelist (died 1875)
1 May - Marie-Alphonse Ratisbonne, Jew who became a Jesuit Catholic priest and missionary (died 1884)
14 May - Siméon-François Berneux, Roman Catholic missionary killed in Korea (died 1866)
15 May - Antoine Chintreuil, painter (died 1873)
21 May - Louis Janmot, painter and poet (died 1892)
22 May - Joseph-Louis Lambot, inventor of ferro-cement (died 1887)
1 June - François Ponsard, dramatist (died 1867)
3 June - Louis Alfred Becquerel, physicist and medical researcher (died 1862)
5 June - Pierre Wantzel, mathematician (died 1848)
25 June - Gabriel Auguste Daubrée, geologist (died 1896)

July to September

8 September - Charles Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg, writer, ethnographer, historian and archaeologist (died 1874)
16 September - Émile Saisset, philosopher (died 1863)
17 September - Pierre Edmond Teisserenc de Bort, writer and politician (died 1892)
22 September - Auguste Jean François Grenier, doctor and entomologist (died 1890)
23 September - Henri de Castellane, politician and nobleman (died 1847)

October to December

3 October - Hervé Faye, astronomer (died 1902)
4 October - Jean-François Millet, painter (died 1875)
11 October - Jean-Baptiste Lamy, first Archbishop of Santa Fe (died 1888)
13 October - Jules Etienne Joseph Quicherat, historian and archaeologist (died 1882)
25 October - Louis, Duke of Nemours, second son of King Louis-Philippe of France (died 1896)
5 November - Alfred de Bougy, poet and author (died 1874)
17 November - François-Louis Français, painter (died 1897)
30 November - Eugène Rouher, statesman (died 1884)

Full date unknown

Louis-Auguste Bisson, photographer (died 1876)
Pierre Bossan, architect (died 1888)

Deaths

January to June

14 January - Charles Bossut, mathematician (born 1730)
21 January - Jacques-Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre, writer and botanist (born 1737)
30 January - Stephen Rochefontaine, military engineer in the Continental Army in America (born 1755)
2 February - Jean-Nicolas Démeunier, author and politician (born 1751)
27 February - Julien Louis Geoffroy, literary critic (born 1743)
13 March - Louis François II de Bourbon, prince de Conti, aristocrat (born 1734)
26 March - Joseph-Ignace Guillotin, physician who proposed the use of a mechanical device to carry out death penalties (born 1738)
29 March - Claude Michel, sculptor (born 1738)
31 March - Pierre Sonnerat, naturalist and explorer (born 1748)
25 April - Louis-Sébastien Mercier, dramatist and writer (born 1740)
29 May - Joséphine de Beauharnais, first wife of Napoleon I of France and thus the first Empress of the French (born 1763)
28 June - Edmond Louis Alexis Dubois-Crancé, soldier and politician (born 1747)

July to December

5 July - Jean Baptiste Le Sueur Fontaine, actor and theatre director (born 1745)
7 September - Pierre Victor, baron Malouet, publicist and politician (born 1740)
13 September - Louis-François Bertin, journalist (born 1766)
17 September - Jacques Bernard d'Anselme, General (born 1740)
1 October - Guillaume-Antoine Olivier, entomologist (born 1756)
30 November - Jean-Michel Moreau le Jeune, draughtsman, illustrator and engraver (born 1741)
2 December - Marquis de Sade, aristocrat, revolutionary and writer of philosophy-laden and often violent pornography (born 1740)
11 December - Marie-Louise O'Murphy, child-courtesan, one of the several mistresses of King Louis XV of France (born 1737)

Full date unknown

Abbé Aubert, dramatist, poet and journalist (born 1731)
Pierre Patte, architect (born 1723)
Jean-François Pierre Peyron, painter (born 1744)
Jean Baptiste Louis George Seroux D'Agincourt, archaeologist and historian (born 1730)

Notes and References

Book: Nicholls . David . Napoleon: A Biographical Companion . 1999 . ABC-CLIO . 978-0-87436-957-1 . 1 . en.
Web site: Debunking the myths of the French Revolution . BBC Bitesize . 26 June 2022.