| Election Name: | 1812–13 United States Senate elections |
| Country: | United States |
| Flag Year: | 1795 |
| Type: | legislative |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1810–11 United States Senate elections |
| Next Election: | 1814–15 United States Senate elections |
| Seats For Election: | 12 of the 36 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) |
| Majority Seats: | 19 |
| Election Date: | Dates vary by state |
| 1Blank: | Seats up |
| Party1: | Democratic-Republican Party |
| Last Election1: | 27 seats |
| Seats Before1: | 30 |
| Seats1: | 8 |
| Seats After1: | 28 |
| Seat Change1: | 2 |
| 1Data1: | 10 |
| Party2: | Federalist Party |
| Last Election2: | 7 seats |
| Seats Before2: | 6 |
| Seats2: | 4 |
| Seats After2: | 8 |
| Seat Change2: | 2 |
| 1Data2: | 2 |
| Majority Party | |
| Before Party: | Democratic-Republican Party |
| After Party: | Democratic-Republican Party |
The 1812–13 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, coinciding with President James Madison's re-election. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1812 and 1813, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3.
The Democratic-Republican Party lost two seats but still retained an overwhelming Senate majority. As in recent elections, the minority Federalists had gone into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats (6 out of 36, or 16.7%) that if they had won every one of the elections, they would still not have controlled a majority.
Composition after September 1812 elections in the new state of Louisiana.
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In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1812 or before March 4, 1813; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||||||
| Louisiana (Class 2) | New seat | Louisiana was admitted to the Union on April 30, 1812. Inaugural senator elected September 3, 1812. Democratic-Republican gain. | |||||||
| Louisiana (Class 3) | New seat | Louisiana was admitted to the Union on April 30, 1812. Inaugural senator elected September 3, 1812. Democratic-Republican gain. | |||||||
| Louisiana (Class 2) | Thomas Posey | Democratic- Republican | 1812 | Jean Destréhan had resigned October 1, 1812 without having qualified. Interim successor appointed October 8, 1812. Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected February 4, 1813 on the second ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. | nowrap | ||||
In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1813 (except where noted due to late election); ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||||||
| Connecticut | Chauncey Goodrich | Federalist | 1807 | Incumbent re-elected in 1813. | nowrap | ||||
| Georgia | Charles Tait | Democratic- Republican | 1809 | Incumbent re-elected in 1813. | nowrap | ||||
| Kentucky | John Pope | Democratic- Republican | 1806 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 12, 1813 on the third ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. | nowrap | ||||
| Louisiana | Allan B. Magruder | Democratic- Republican | 1812 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in 1813. Democratic-Republican hold. | nowrap | ||||
| Maryland | Philip Reed | Democratic- Republican | 1806 1806 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Democratic-Republican loss. | |||||
| New Hampshire | Charles Cutts | Federalist | 1810 | Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect after 12 ballots. Federalist loss. | nowrap | ||||
| New York | John Smith | Democratic- Republican | 1804 1807 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected February 2, 1813. Federalist gain. | nowrap | ||||
| North Carolina | Jesse Franklin | Democratic- Republican | 1799 1804 1806 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1812. Democratic-Republican hold. | nowrap | ||||
| Ohio | Alexander Campbell | Democratic- Republican | 1809 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected February 6, 1813. Democratic-Republican hold. | nowrap | ||||
| Pennsylvania | Andrew Gregg | Democratic- Republican | 1806 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected December 8, 1812. Democratic-Republican hold. | nowrap | ||||
| South Carolina | John Gaillard | Democratic- Republican | 1804 1806 | Incumbent re-elected in late 1812. | nowrap | ||||
| Vermont | Stephen R. Bradley | Democratic- Republican | 1791 1795 1801 1806 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected October 21, 1812. Democratic-Republican hold. | nowrap | ||||
In these special elections, the winners were seated in 1813 after March 4; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||||||
| Massachusetts (Class 1) | James Lloyd (F) | Federalist | 1808 1808 | Resigned May 1, 1813. New senator elected May 5, 1813. Federalist hold. | nowrap | ||||
| Connecticut (Class 3) | Chauncey Goodrich | Federalist | 1807 1812 | Incumbent resigned May 13, 1813 to become Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut. New senator elected May 13, 1813. Federalist hold. | nowrap | ||||
| Maryland (Class 3) | Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect. New senator elected May 21, 1813. Federalist gain. | nowrap | ||||||
| Delaware (Class 2) | James A. Bayard | Federalist | 1804 1805 1811 | Resigned March 3, 1813. New senator elected May 21, 1813. Federalist hold. | nowrap | ||||
| New Hampshire (Class 3) | Charles Cutts | Federalist | 1810 1813 | Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected June 10, 1813 on the second ballot. Federalist hold. | nowrap | ||||
| Georgia (Class 2) | William Bulloch | Democratic- Republican | 1813 | Unknown if interim appointee retired or lost re-election. New senator elected November 6, 1813. Democratic-Republican hold. | nowrap | ||||
See also: List of United States senators from Connecticut and 1812 United States House of Representatives election in Connecticut.
See also: List of United States senators from Delaware.
See also: List of United States senators from Georgia and 1812 United States House of Representatives election in Georgia.
See also: List of United States senators from Kentucky.
See also: List of United States senators from Louisiana.
See also: List of United States senators from Maryland.
The Maryland legislature failed to elect a senator before the March 3, 1813, the beginning of the term. Robert Henry Goldsborough was appointed to fill the seat.
| Election Name: | 1813 United States Senate special election in Maryland |
| Popular Vote1: | 47 |
| Colour1: | F6D6C9 |
| Percentage1: | 58.75% |
| Party1: | Federalist |
| Candidate1: | Robert Henry Goldsborough |
| Popular Vote2: | 35 |
| Colour2: | AACC99 |
| Percentage2: | 41.25% |
| Party2: | Democratic-Republican |
| Candidate2: | Edward Lloyd |
| Next Year: | 1819 |
| Next Election: | 1819 United States Senate elections in Maryland |
| Previous Year: | 1806 |
| Previous Election: | 1806 United States Senate elections in Maryland |
| Votes For Election: | 80 members of the Maryland General Assembly |
| Vote Type: | Legislative |
| Election Date: | May 20, 1813 |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Type: | presidential |
Robert H. Goldsborough won election over Edward Lloyd by a margin of 20.45%, or 18 votes, for the Class 3 seat.[2]
See also: List of United States senators from Massachusetts.
See also: List of United States senators from New Hampshire and 1812 United States House of Representatives election in New Hampshire.
See main article: 1813 United States Senate election in New York.
See also: List of United States senators from New York.
See also: List of United States senators from North Carolina.
See also: List of United States senators from Ohio.
See also: List of United States senators from Pennsylvania.
See also: List of United States senators from South Carolina.
See also: List of United States senators from Vermont.