1806 in Germany explained

Events from the year 1806 in Germany.

Incumbents

Holy Roman Empire

• Francis II (5 July 17926 August 1806)

Kingdoms

• Kingdom of Prussia
  • Monarch – Frederick William III of Prussia (16 November 17977 June 1840)^[1]
• Kingdom of Bavaria
  • Maximilian I (1 January 180613 October 1825)^[2]
• Kingdom of Saxony
  • Frederick Augustus I (20 December 18065 May 1827)^[3]
• Kingdom of Württemberg
  • Frederick I (22 December 179730 October 1816)^[4]

Grand Duchies

• Grand Duke of Baden
  • Charles Frederick (25 July 180610 June 1811)
• Grand Duke of Hesse
  • Louis I (14 August 18066 April 1830)^[5]
• Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
  • Frederick Francis I (24 April 17851 February 1837)
• Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
  • Charles II (2 June 17946 November 1816)^[6]
• Grand Duke of Oldenburg
  • Wilhelm (6 July 17852 July 1823) Due to mental illness, Wilhelm was duke in name only, with his cousin Peter, Prince-Bishop of Lübeck, acting as regent throughout his entire reign.^[7]
  • Peter I (2 July 182321 May 1829)^[7]
• Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar
  • Karl August (1758–1809) Raised to grand duchy in 1809

Principalities

• Schaumburg-Lippe
  • George William (13 February 17871860)
• Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
  • Louis Frederick II (13 April 179328 April 1807)^[8]
• Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
  • Günther Friedrich Karl I (14 October 179419 August 1835)
• Principality of Lippe
  • Leopold II (5 November 18021 January 1851)^[9]
• Principality of Reuss-Greiz
  • Heinrich XIII (28 June 180029 January 1817)
• Waldeck and Pyrmont
  • Friedrich Karl August (29 August 176324 September 1812)

Duchies

• Duke of Anhalt-Dessau
  • Leopold III (16 December 17519 August 1817)^[10]
• Duke of Brunswick
  • Frederick William (16 October 180616 June 1815)^[11]
• Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
  • Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (1780–1826) - Frederick
• Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
  • Ernest I (9 December 180612 November 1826)^[12]
• Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
  • Bernhard II (24 December 180320 September 1866)^[13]
• Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck
  • Frederick Charles Louis (24 February 177525 March 1816)^[14]

Events

• 1 January – The Kingdom of Bavaria is established by Napoleon.
• 12 July – Sixteen German Imperial States leave the Holy Roman Empire and form the Confederation of the Rhine; Liechtenstein is given full sovereignty, leading to the collapse of the Empire after 844 years.
• 6 August – Francis II, the last Holy Roman Emperor, abdicates, thus ending the Holy Roman Empire after about a millennium.
• 25 September – Prussia issues an ultimatum to Paris, threatening war if France does not halt marching its troops through Prussian territory to reach Austria; the message does not reach Napoleon Bonaparte until 7 October, and he responds by attacking Prussia.^[15]
• 8 October – Napoleon responds to the 25 September ultimatum from Prussia, and begins the War of the Fourth Coalition; Prussia is joined by Saxony and other minor German states.^[15]
• 9 October – Battle of Schleiz: French and Prussian forces fight for the first time since the war began. The Prussian army is easily defeated, by a more numerous French force.
• 10 October – Battle of Saalfeld
• 14 October – Battle of Jena–Auerstedt: Napoleon defeats the Prussian army of Prince Hohenlohe at Jena, while Marshal Davout defeats the main Prussian army under Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, who is killed.
• 16 October – Capitulation of Erfurt
• 17 October – Battle of Halle
• 24 October – French forces enter Berlin.
• 25 October8 November – Siege of Magdeburg
• 28 October – Battle of Prenzlau
• 29 October – Capitulation of Pasewalk
• 30 October – Capitulation of Stettin: Believing themselves massively outnumbered, the 5,300-man garrison at Stettin in Prussia surrenders to a much smaller French force without a fight.
• 1 November – Battle of Waren-Nossentin
• 6 November – Battle of Lübeck
• 7–22 November – Siege of Hamelin
• 21 November – Berlin Decree

Births

• 1 January – Lionel Kieseritzky, Baltic-German chess player (died 1853)
• 13 January – Eugen Napoleon Neureuther, German painter and illustrator (died 1882)
• 18 February – Eduard Heis, German mathematician and astronomer (died 1877)
• 6 April – Friedrich Wilhelm Ritschl, German scholar (died 1876)
• 12 June – John Augustus Roebling, German-American engineer (died 1869)
• 22 July – Johann Kaspar Zeuss, German historian and philologist (died 1856)

• 25 October – Max Stirner, German philosopher (died 1856)
• 23 November – Philipp Hoffmann, German architect and builder (died 1869)
• 11 December – Otto Wilhelm Hermann von Abich, German geologist (died 1886)

Deaths

• 6 January – Jean Henri Riesener, German furniture designer (born 1734)
• 3 March – Heinrich Christian Boie, German poet and editor (born 1744)
• 23 August – Johann Eleazar Zeissig, German genre, portrait and porcelain painter, and engraver (born 1737)
• 10 October – Therese Maron, German painter active in Rome (born 1725)
• 10 October – Louis Ferdinand of Prussia, German prince (killed in battle) (born 1772)

Date unknown

• Johann Gottfried Arnold, German cellist (born 1773)

Notes and References

1. Web site: Tikkanen . Amy . 30 July 2018 . Federick William III . 2022-09-21 . Encyclopaedia Britannica.
2. 17. 921. Maximilian I., king of Bavaria.
3. Web site: General German Biography - Wikisource. 24 January 2021.
4. Book: David, Saul. New York : Atlantic Monthly Press. 978-0-87113-739-5. Prince of pleasure : the Prince of Wales and the making of the Regency. 24 January 2021. 1998.
5. Book: Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans. Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living . 1768. Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. Bourdeaux. fr. 38.
6. Book: Huish, Robert . Public and Private Life His Late Excellent and most Gracious Majesty George The Third . T. Kelly . 1821 . 170 .
7. Web site: Oldenburg Royal Family . Monarchies of Europe . https://web.archive.org/web/20060317161934/http://www.btinternet.com/~allan_raymond/Oldenburg_Royal_Family.htm . 1 January 2021. 17 March 2006 .
8. Book: Thüringer Chronik-Verlag Müllerott. 978-3-910132-29-0. Apfelstedt. F.. Apfelstedt. Heinrich Friedrich Theodor. Das Haus Kevernburg-Schwarzburg von seinem Ursprunge bis auf unsere Zeit. 1996.
9. Book: 1850 . . 87th . . 38 .
10. J. Morley, "The Bauhaus Effect," in Social Utopias of the Twenties (Germany: Müller Bushmann press, 1995), 11.
11. Gerhard Schildt: Von der Restauration zur Reichsgründungszeit, in Horst-Rüdiger Jarck / Gerhard Schildt (eds.), Die Braunschweigische Landesgeschichte. Jahrtausendrückblick einer Region, Braunschweig 2000, pp. 753–766.
12. Ernest I.. 9. 751.
13. Web site: Biografie Georg I (German). Meininger Museen. 8 September 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20110915152148/http://www.meiningermuseen.de/pages/schloss/personen/herzogliche-familie/georg-i.php. 15 September 2011. dead.
14. Book: Albinus, Robert. Lexikon der Stadt Königsberg Pr. und Umgebung. Verlag Gerhard Rautenberg. 1985. 3-7921-0320-6. Leer. 371. de.
15. F. Loraine Petre, Napoleon's Conquest of Prussia1806 (John Lane Company, 1907) pxv