South Carolina elected its members October 13–14, 1806.
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Robert Marion | Democratic-Republican | 1804 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | √ Robert Marion (Democratic-Republican) 55.6% William L. Smith (Federalist) 43.6% | ||||
| William Butler Sr. | Democratic-Republican | 1800 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | √ William Butler Sr. (Democratic-Republican) 73.6% Richard B. Screven (Federalist) 26.2% | ||||
| David R. Williams | Democratic-Republican | 1804 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | √ David R. Williams (Democratic-Republican) 97.9% | ||||
| O'Brien Smith | Democratic-Republican | 1804 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | nowrap | √ John Taylor (Democratic-Republican) 55.3% Henry Dana Ward (Federalist) 30.0% Miles B. Pinkney (Democratic-Republican) 14.3% | ||||
| Richard Winn | Democratic-Republican | 1802 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | √ Richard Winn (Democratic-Republican) 73.0% Anthony Butler (Federalist) 27.0% | ||||
| Levi Casey | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected but died February 3, 1807, leading to a special election, see South Carolina's 6th congressional district special election, 1807. | nowrap | √ Levi Casey (Democratic-Republican) 50.1% John A. Elmer (Federalist) 25.2% Joseph Calhoun (Democratic-Republican) 24.7% | ||||
| Thomas Moore | Democratic-Republican | 1800 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | √ Thomas Moore (Democratic-Republican) Unopposed | ||||
| John B. Earle | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | nowrap | √ Lemuel J. Alston (Democratic-Republican) 39.7% William Hunter (Democratic-Republican) 30.3% Elias Earle (Democratic-Republican) 30.0% |