Massachusetts elected its members November 3, 1806.
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Josiah Quincy | Federalist | 1804 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | √ Josiah Quincy (Federalist) 57.7% James Prince (Democratic-Republican) 42.2% | |||
| Jacob Crowninshield | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | √ Jacob Crowninshield (Democratic-Republican) 54.8% Samuel Putnam (Federalist) 45.0% | |||
| Jeremiah Nelson | Federalist | 1804 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. | nowrap | √ Edward St. Loe Livermore (Federalist) 67.6% Thomas Kitteridge (Democratic-Republican) 32.4% | |||
| Joseph Bradley Varnum | Democratic-Republican | 1794 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | √ Joseph Bradley Varnum (Democratic-Republican) 74.0% Ebenezer Bridgely (Federalist) 25.1% | |||
| William Ely | Federalist | 1804 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | √ William Ely (Federalist) 57.1% Samuel Fowler (Democratic-Republican) 38.5% William Eaton (Federalist) 4.4% | |||
| Samuel Taggart | Federalist | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | √ Samuel Taggart (Federalist) 64.4% Solomon Snead (Democratic-Republican) 35.6% | |||
| Joseph Barker | Democratic-Republican | 1804 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | √ Joseph Barker (Democratic-Republican) 60.8% Nahum Mitchell (Federalist) 38.4% | |||
| Isaiah L. Green | Democratic-Republican | 1804 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | √ Isaiah L. Green (Democratic-Republican) 63.4% Wendall Davis (Federalist) 34.6% Others 2.0% | |||
| Phanuel Bishop | Democratic-Republican | 1798 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | nowrap | √ Josiah Dean (Democratic-Republican) 55.1% Nicholas Tillinghast (Federalist) 43.1% Nathaniel Morton 1.6% | |||
| Seth Hastings | Federalist | 1800 (Special) | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. | nowrap | √ Jabez Upham (Federalist) 53.9% Edward Bangs (Democratic-Republican) 45.4% | |||
| William Stedman | Federalist | 1802 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | √ William Stedman (Federalist) 63.6% John Whiting (Democratic-Republican) 36.0% | |||
| Barnabas Bidwell | Democratic-Republican | 1804 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | √ Barnabas Bidwell (Democratic-Republican) 59.9% Daniel Dewey (Federalist) 40.1% | |||
| Ebenezer Seaver | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | √ Ebenezer Seaver (Democratic-Republican) 65.3% Edward H. Robbins (Federalist) 34.7% | |||
| Richard Cutts | Democratic-Republican | 1801 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | √ Richard Cutts (Democratic-Republican) 55.9% Joseph Leland (Federalist) 25.8% Joseph Bartlett (Democratic-Republican) 18.4% | |||
| Peleg Wadsworth | Federalist | 1792 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. | nowrap | √ Daniel Ilsley (Democratic-Republican) 52.5% Ezekiel Whitman (Federalist) 47.5% | |||
| Orchard Cook | Democratic-Republican | 1804 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | √ Orchard Cook (Democratic-Republican) 55.9% Mark L. Hill (Federalist) 44.1% | |||
| John Chandler | Democratic-Republican | 1804 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | √ John Chandler (Democratic-Republican) 76.5% John Crosby 20.6% Benjamin Whitwell (Federalist) 2.9% |