1805 in Germany explained

Events from the year 1805 in Germany.

Incumbents

• Francis II (5 July 17926 August 1806)

Important Electors

• Baden- Charles Frederick (27 April 18036 August 1806)
• Bavaria- Maximilian I (16 February 17996 August 1806)^[1]
• Saxony- Frederick Augustus I (17 December 176320 December 1806)^[2]
• Würzburg- Ferdinand III (25 December 18056 August 1806)
• Württemberg - Frederick I (180330 October 1816)^[3]

Kingdoms

• Kingdom of Prussia
  • Monarch – Frederick William III of Prussia (16 November 17977 June 1840)^[4]

Grand Duchies

• Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
  • Frederick Francis I (24 April 17851 February 1837)
• Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
  • Charles II (2 June 17946 November 1816)^[5]
• Grand Duke of Oldenburg
  • Wilhelm (6 July 17852 July 1823) Due to mental illness, Wilhelm was duke in name only, with his cousin Peter, Prince-Bishop of Lübeck, acting as regent throughout his entire reign.^[6]
  • Peter I (2 July 182321 May 1829)
• Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar
  • Karl August (1758–1809) Raised to grand duchy in 1809

Principalities

• Schaumburg-Lippe
  • George William (13 February 17871860)
• Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
  • Louis Frederick II (13 April 179328 April 1807)^[7]
• Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
  • Günther Friedrich Karl I (14 October 179419 August 1835)
• Principality of Lippe
  • Leopold II (5 November 18021 January 1851)^[8]
• Principality of Reuss-Greiz
  • Heinrich XIII (28 June 180029 January 1817)
• Waldeck and Pyrmont
  • Friedrich Karl August (29 August 176324 September 1812)

Duchies

• Duke of Anhalt-Dessau
  • Leopold III (16 December 17519 August 1817)^[9]
• Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
  • Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (1780–1826) - Frederick
• Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
  • Francis (8 September 18009 December 1806)
• Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
  • Bernhard II (24 December 180320 September 1866)^[10]
• Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck
  • Frederick Charles Louis (24 February 177525 March 1816)^[11]

Other

• Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
  • Louis I (6 April 179014 August 1806)^[12]

Events

• 7 April – Beethoven's Symphony No. 3, Eroica, has its public premiere at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna under his baton.
  • 9 April - The first Weltsekttag to celebrate the resistance to Napoleon. 8 October – Battle of Wertingen
• 9 October – Battle of Günzburg
• 11 October – Battle of Haslach-Jungingen
• 14 October – Napoleonic Wars: War of the Third Coalition – Ulm Campaign: Battle of Elchingen – An Austrian corps under Johann von Riesch is defeated by Marshal Ney, near Elchingen, Bavaria.
• 16–19 October – War of the Third Coalition: Ulm Campaign – Battle of Ulm: Austrian General Mack von Leiberich is forced to surrender his entire army to Napoleon, after being surrounded.
• 3 November – Treaty of Potsdam
• 20 November – Beethoven's only opera Fidelio, in its original form (known retrospectively as Leonore), is premiered at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna, which at this time is under French military occupation.
• German Army surgeon Philipp Bozzini invents the, ancestor of the endoscope, for examination of bodily orifices.^{[13] [14] [15]}
• Grand Duchy of Würzburg is established.

Births

• 27 January – Samuel Palmer, English artist (died 1881)
• 13 February – Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet, German mathematician (died 1859)
• 8 April – Hugo von Mohl, German botanist (died 1872)

• 30 July – Rudolf Wagner, German anatomist, pathologist (died 1864)
• 27 September – George Müller, Prussian evangelist, founder of the New Orphan Houses, Ashley Down, Bristol in England (died 1898)
• 14 November – Fanny Mendelssohn, German composer, pianist (died 1847)^[16]

Deaths

• 17 January – Paschen von Cossel, German lawyer (born 1714)
• 20 February – Justus Claproth, German jurist, inventor of the de-inking process of recycled paper (born 1728)
• 9 May – Friedrich Schiller, German playwright (born 1759)

• 5 October - Eleonore Prochaska, German heroine soldier (born 1785)

Notes and References

1. 17. 921. Maximilian I., king of Bavaria.
2. Web site: General German Biography - Wikisource. 24 January 2021.
3. Book: David, Saul. Prince of pleasure : the Prince of Wales and the making of the Regency. 1998. New York : Atlantic Monthly Press. 978-0-87113-739-5. 24 January 2021.
4. Web site: Tikkanen . Amy . 30 July 2018 . Federick William III . 2022-09-21 . Encyclopaedia Britannica.
5. Book: Huish, Robert . Public and Private Life His Late Excellent and most Gracious Majesty George The Third . T. Kelly . 1821 . 170 .
6. Web site: Oldenburg Royal Family . Monarchies of Europe . https://web.archive.org/web/20060317161934/http://www.btinternet.com/~allan_raymond/Oldenburg_Royal_Family.htm . 1 January 2021. 17 March 2006 .
7. Book: Thüringer Chronik-Verlag Müllerott. 978-3-910132-29-0. Apfelstedt. F.. Apfelstedt. Heinrich Friedrich Theodor. Das Haus Kevernburg-Schwarzburg von seinem Ursprunge bis auf unsere Zeit. 1996.
8. Book: 1850 . . 87th . . 38 .
9. J. Morley, "The Bauhaus Effect," in Social Utopias of the Twenties (Germany: Müller Bushmann press, 1995), 11.
10. Web site: Biografie Georg I (German). Meininger Museen. 8 September 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20110915152148/http://www.meiningermuseen.de/pages/schloss/personen/herzogliche-familie/georg-i.php. 15 September 2011. dead.
11. Book: Albinus, Robert. Lexikon der Stadt Königsberg Pr. und Umgebung. Verlag Gerhard Rautenberg. 1985. 3-7921-0320-6. Leer. 371. de.
12. Book: Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans. Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living . 1768. Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. Bourdeaux. fr. 38.
13. Bozzini. P.. 1806. Lichtleiter: eine Erfindung zur Anschauung innerer Theile und Krankheiten nebst der Abbildung. J Practischen Arzneykunde. Berlin. 24. 107–24.
14. Book: Bozzini, P.. Heidelbergische Jahrbücher der Litteratur. Wöhr & Zimmer. 1810. 3. Heidelberg. 207. Lichtleiter, eine Erfindung zur Anschauung innerer Theile und Krankheiten nebst der Abbildung. 6 September 2010. https://books.google.com/books?id=okBBAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Lichtleiter%2C%20eine%20Erfindung%20zur%20Anschauung%20innerer%20Theile%20und%20Krankheiten%20nebst%20der%20Abbildung%22&pg=PA207. 3.
15. Bush. Ronnie Beth. Leonhardt. Hanna. Bush. Irving M.. Landes. Ralph R.. 1974. Dr. Bozzini's Lichtleiter: A translation of his original article (1806). Urology. 3. 1. 119–23. 10.1016/S0090-4295(74)80080-4. 4591409.
16. Book: Randel, Don Michael. The Harvard Biographical Dictionary of Music. Cambridge. Belknap Press. 1999. 978-0-67400-084-1. 376.