1804 in Germany explained

Events from the year 1804 in Germany.

Incumbents

Holy Roman Empire

• Francis II (5 July 17926 August 1806)

Important Electors

• Baden- Charles Frederick (27 April 18036 August 1806)
• Bavaria- Maximilian I (16 February 17996 August 1806)^[1]
• Saxony- Frederick Augustus I (17 December 176320 December 1806)^[2]
• Württemberg - Frederick I (180330 October 1816)^[3]

Kingdoms

• Kingdom of Prussia
  • Monarch – Frederick William III of Prussia (16 November 17977 June 1840)^[4]

Grand Duchies

• Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
  • Frederick Francis I (24 April 17851 February 1837)
• Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
  • Charles II (2 June 17946 November 1816)^[5]
• Grand Duke of Oldenburg
  • Wilhelm (6 July 17852 July 1823) Due to mental illness, Wilhelm was duke in name only, with his cousin Peter, Prince-Bishop of Lübeck, acting as regent throughout his entire reign.^[6]
  • Peter I (2 July 182321 May 1829)
• Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar
  • Karl August (1758–1809) Raised to grand duchy in 1809

Principalities

• Schaumburg-Lippe
  • George William (13 February 17871860)
• Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
  • Louis Frederick II (13 April 179328 April 1807)^[7]
• Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
  • Günther Friedrich Karl I (14 October 179419 August 1835)
• Principality of Lippe
  • Leopold II (5 November 18021 January 1851)^[8]
• Principality of Reuss-Greiz
  • Heinrich XIII (28 June 180029 January 1817)
• Waldeck and Pyrmont
  • Friedrich Karl August (29 August 176324 September 1812)

Duchies

• Duke of Anhalt-Dessau
  • Leopold III (16 December 17519 August 1817)^[9]
• Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
  • Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (1780–1826) - Frederick
• Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
  • Francis (8 September 18009 December 1806)
• Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
  • Bernhard II (24 December 180320 September 1866)^[10]
• Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck
  • Frederick Charles Louis (24 February 177525 March 1816)^[11]

Other

• Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
  • Louis I (6 April 179014 August 1806)^[12]

Events

• 17 March – Friedrich Schiller's play Wilhelm Tell, is first performed at Weimar, under the direction of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.^[13]
• 9 June – Beethoven's Symphony No. 3 in E–flat premiered in Vienna.
• 11 August – In reaction to Napoleon being proclaimed emperor of France, Francis II assumes the title of a hereditary emperor of Austria (as Francis I) in addition to his title as emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. Tis latter title will become obsolete two years later when the formation of the Confederation of the Rhine instigated by Napoleon signals the end of the Holy Roman Empire.
• 1 September – German astronomer K. L. Harding discovers the asteroid Juno.
• German pharmacist Friedrich Sertürner first isolates morphine from opium,^{[14] [15]} probably the first ever isolation of a natural plant alkaloid.
• German Gerhard Bonnier begins a publishing business in Copenhagen (Denmark) by issuing Danish: Underfulde og sandfærdige kriminalhistorier, origin of the Swedish Bonnier Group.^[16]

Births

• 12 February – Heinrich Lenz, Russian-born Baltic German physicist (died 1865)
• 5 April – Matthias Schleiden, German botanist (died 1881)
• 5 June – Robert Schomburgk, German-born explorer (died 1865)
• 28 July – Ludwig Feuerbach, German philosopher (died 1872)
• 8 September – Eduard Mörike, German poet (died 1875)
• 24 October – Wilhelm Eduard Weber, German physicist (died 1891)
• 10 December – Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi, German mathematician (died 1851)

Deaths

• 12 February – Immanuel Kant, German philosopher (born 1724)
• 25 May – Johann Joachim Spalding, German theologian (born 1714)
• 1 November – Johann Friedrich Gmelin, German naturalist (born 1748)
• 5 November – August Friedrich Oelenhainz, German painter (born 1745)
• 9 December – Wilhelm Abraham Teller, German theologian (born 1734)
• unknown date – Peter Haas, German-Danish engraver (born 1754)

Notes and References

1. 17. 921. Maximilian I., king of Bavaria.
2. Web site: General German Biography - Wikisource. 24 January 2021.
3. Book: David, Saul. Prince of pleasure : the Prince of Wales and the making of the Regency. 1998. New York : Atlantic Monthly Press. 978-0-87113-739-5. 24 January 2021.
4. Web site: 30 July 2018. Frederick William III. Encyclopaedia Britannica.
5. Book: Huish, Robert . Public and Private Life His Late Excellent and most Gracious Majesty George The Third . T. Kelly . 1821 . 170 .
6. Web site: Oldenburg Royal Family . Monarchies of Europe . https://web.archive.org/web/20060317161934/http://www.btinternet.com/~allan_raymond/Oldenburg_Royal_Family.htm . 1 January 2021. 17 March 2006 .
7. Book: Thüringer Chronik-Verlag Müllerott. 978-3-910132-29-0. Apfelstedt. F.. Apfelstedt. Heinrich Friedrich Theodor. Das Haus Kevernburg-Schwarzburg von seinem Ursprunge bis auf unsere Zeit. 1996.
8. Book: 1850 . . 87th . . 38 .
9. J. Morley, "The Bauhaus Effect," in Social Utopias of the Twenties (Germany: Müller Bushmann press, 1995), 11.
10. Web site: Biografie Georg I (German). Meininger Museen. 8 September 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20110915152148/http://www.meiningermuseen.de/pages/schloss/personen/herzogliche-familie/georg-i.php. 15 September 2011. dead.
11. Book: Albinus, Robert. Lexikon der Stadt Königsberg Pr. und Umgebung. Verlag Gerhard Rautenberg. 1985. 3-7921-0320-6. Leer. 371. de.
12. Book: Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans. Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living . 1768. Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. Bourdeaux. fr. 38.
13. Book: Who is this Schiller Now? Essays on His Reception and Significance. Camden House. 9781571134882. 2011. 313.
14. Serturner, F. W. A. (1806) J. Pharm. f. Arzte. Apoth. Chem. 14 47–93.
15. Web site: Meyer. Klaus. 2004. Dem Morphin auf der Spur. 12 June 2012. Pharmazeutischen Zeitung. GOVI-Verlag. German.
16. Book: Creating Nordic Capitalism: The Development of a Competitive Periphery. 16 September 2017. Palgrave Macmillan. 978-1-137-07137-8. 78–.