1801 in Germany explained

Events from the year 1801 in Germany.

Incumbents

Holy Roman Empire

• Francis II (5 July 17926 August 1806)

Important Electors

• Bavaria Maximilian I (16 February 17996 August 1806)^[1]
• Saxony Frederick Augustus I (17 December 176320 December 1806)^[2]

Kingdoms

• Kingdom of Prussia
  • Monarch – Frederick William III of Prussia (16 November 17977 June 1840)

Grand Duchies

• Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
  • Frederick Francis I (24 April 17851 February 1837)
• Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
  • Charles II (2 June 17946 November 1816)^[3]
• Grand Duke of Oldenburg
  • Wilhelm (6 July 17852 July 1823) Due to mental illness, Wilhelm was duke in name only, with his cousin Peter, Prince-Bishop of Lübeck, acting as regent throughout his entire reign.^[4]
  • Peter I (2 July 182321 May 1829)
• Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar
  • Karl August (1758–1809) Raised to grand duchy in 1809

Principalities

• Schaumburg-Lippe
  • George William (13 February 17871860)
• Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
  • Louis Frederick II (13 April 179328 April 1807)^[5]
• Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
  • Günther Friedrich Karl I (14 October 179419 August 1835)
• Principality of Reuss-Greiz
  • Heinrich XIII (28 June 180029 January 1817)
• Waldeck and Pyrmont
  • Friedrich Karl August (29 August 176324 September 1812)

Duchies

• Duke of Anhalt-Dessau
  • Leopold III (16 December 17519 August 1817)^[6]
• Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
  • Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (1780–1826) - Frederick
• Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
  • Francis (8 September 18009 December 1806)
• Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
  • Georg I (1782–1803)^[7]
• Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck
  • Frederick Charles Louis (24 February 177525 March 1816)^[8]
• Duke of Württemberg
  • Frederick I (22 December 179730 October 1816)^[9]

Other

• Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
  • Louis I (6 April 179014 August 1806)^[10]

Events

• 9 February – The Treaty of Lunéville ends the War of the Second Coalition between France and Austria. Under the terms of the treaty, Aachen is officially annexed by France.

Date unknown

• Ultraviolet radiation is discovered by Johann Wilhelm Ritter.
• The magnum opus Disquisitiones Arithmeticae of Carl Friedrich Gauss is published.

Births

• 22 January – Friedrich Gerke, German pioneer of telegraphy (died 1888)
• 19 April – Gustav Fechner, German psychologist (died 1887)^[11]
• 16 June – Julius Plücker, German mathematician, physicist (died 1868)
• 14 July – Johannes Peter Müller, German physiologist, comparative anatomist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist (died 1858)
• 10 August – Christian Hermann Weisse, German Protestant religious philosopher (died 1866)^[12]
• 3 September – Christian Erich Hermann von Meyer, German palaeontologist (died 1869)
• 12 October – Carl August von Steinheil, German engineer, astronomer (died 1870)
• 23 October – Albert Lortzing, German composer (died 1851)
• 3 November – Karl Baedeker, German guidebook publisher (died 1859)^[13]
• 13 November – Queen Elisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria, queen of Prussia (died 1873)
• 24 November – Ludwig Bechstein, German writer and collector of folk tales (died 1860)^[14]
• 4 December – Karl Ludwig Michelet, German philosopher (died 1893)
• 11 December – Christian Dietrich Grabbe, German writer (died 1836)

Date unknown

• Thierry Hermès, German-born French businessman, founder of Hermès (died 1878)

Deaths

• 14 March – Christian Friedrich Penzel, German musician and composer (born 1737)
• 25 March – Novalis, German poet (born 1772)^[15]
• 26 April – Karl Heinrich Heydenreich, German philosopher (born 1764)
• 14 May – Johann Ernst Altenburg, German composer, organist and trumpeter (born 1734)^[16]
• 19 September – Johann Gottfried Koehler, German astronomer (born 1745)
• 23 October – Johann Gottlieb Naumann, Kapellmeister, conductor and composer (born 1741)^[17]

Notes and References

1. 17. 921. Maximilian I., king of Bavaria.
2. Web site: General German Biography - Wikisource. 24 January 2021.
3. Book: Huish, Robert . Public and Private Life His Late Excellent and most Gracious Majesty George The Third . T. Kelly . 1821 . 170 .
4. Web site: Oldenburg Royal Family . Monarchies of Europe . https://web.archive.org/web/20060317161934/http://www.btinternet.com/~allan_raymond/Oldenburg_Royal_Family.htm . 1 January 2021. 17 March 2006 .
5. Book: Thüringer Chronik-Verlag Müllerott. 978-3-910132-29-0. Apfelstedt. F.. Apfelstedt. Heinrich Friedrich Theodor. Das Haus Kevernburg-Schwarzburg von seinem Ursprunge bis auf unsere Zeit. 1996.
6. J. Morley, "The Bauhaus Effect," in Social Utopias of the Twenties (Germany: Müller Bushmann press, 1995), 11.
7. Web site: Biografie Georg I (German). Meininger Museen. 8 September 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20110915152148/http://www.meiningermuseen.de/pages/schloss/personen/herzogliche-familie/georg-i.php. 15 September 2011. dead.
8. Book: Albinus, Robert. Lexikon der Stadt Königsberg Pr. und Umgebung. Verlag Gerhard Rautenberg. 1985. 3-7921-0320-6. Leer. 371. de.
9. Book: David, Saul. Prince of pleasure : the Prince of Wales and the making of the Regency. 1998. New York : Atlantic Monthly Press. 978-0-87113-739-5. 24 January 2021.
10. Book: Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans. Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living . 1768. Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. Bourdeaux. fr. 38.
11. Web site: Gustav Fechner - German psychologist and physicist. Encyclopedia Britannica. 18 January 2019.
12. Book: Werner Georg Kümmel. The New Testament: The History of the Investigation of Its Problems. Abingdon Press. 1972. 9780687279265. 494.
13. Baedeker, Karl. 3. 191.
14. Bechstein, Ludwig. 1905.
15. Book: Donehower, Bruce. 2007. 1815. Tieck, Ludwig. Ludwig Tieck. Ludwig Tieck "Biography of Novalis, 1815. . The Birth of Novalis: Friedrich Von Hardenberg's Journal of 1797, with Selected Letters and Documents. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. 126–136. 9780791480687.
16. Web site: Altenburg Johann Ernst. 22 December 2013. Editions Bim. 7 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160307111256/http://www.editions-bim.com/johann-ernst-altenburg-concerto-for-7-trumpets-and-timpani.html. dead.
17. [Dieter Härtwig]