A special election was held in on March 23, 1801, to fill a vacancy left by the death of James Jones on January 11, 1801, before the start of the 7th Congress. His death had also left a vacancy in the 6th Congress, which went unfilled.
| Candidate | Party | Votes[1] | Percent | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| John Milledge | Democratic-Republican | 2,644 | 67.3% | |
| William Smith | Unknown | 630 | 16.0% | |
| Peter Van Allen | Unknown | 494 | 12.6% | |
| George Jones | Democratic-Republican | 163 | 4.2% |
Milledge took his seat at the start of the 1st session of the 7th Congress, on December 7, 1801. Milledge had served earlier, in the 4th and 5th Congresses. Milledge himself would subsequently resign in May, 1802, upon being elected Governor of Georgia