1800 in Germany explained

Events from the year 1800 in Germany.

Incumbents

Holy Roman Empire

• Francis II (5 July 17926 August 1806)

Important Electors

• Bavaria – Maximilian I (16 February 17996 August 1806)^[1]
• Saxony – Frederick Augustus I (17 December 176320 December 1806)^[2]

Kingdoms

• Kingdom of Prussia
  • Monarch – Frederick William III of Prussia (16 November 17977 June 1840)^[3]

Grand Duchies

• Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
  • Frederick Francis I– (24 April 17851 February 1837)
• Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
  • Charles II (2 June 17946 November 1816)^[4]
• Grand Duke of Oldenburg
  • Wilhelm (6 July 17852 July 1823) Wilhelm, who suffered from mental illness, was duke in name only, with his cousin Peter, Prince-Bishop of Lübeck, acting as regent throughout his entire reign.^[5]
  • Peter I (2 July 182321 May 1829)
• Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar
  • Karl August (1758–1809) Raised to grand duchy in 1809

Principalities

• Schaumburg-Lippe
  • George William (13 February 17871860)
• Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
  • Louis Frederick II (13 April 179328 April 1807)^[6]
• Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
  • Günther Friedrich Karl I (14 October 179419 August 1835)
• Principality of Reuss-Greiz
  • Heinrich XIII (28 June 180029 January 1817)
• Waldeck and Pyrmont
  • Friedrich Karl August (29 August 176324 September 1812)

Duchies

• Duke of Anhalt-Dessau
  • Leopold III (16 December 17519 August 1817)^[7]
• Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
  • Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (1780–1826) – Frederick
• Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
  • Francis (8 September 18009 December 1806)
• Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
  • Georg I (1782–1803)^[8]
• Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck
  • Frederick Charles Louis (24 February 177525 March 1816)^[9]
• Duke of Württemberg
  • Frederick I (22 December 179730 October 1816)^[10]

Other

• Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
  • Louis I (6 April 179014 August 1806)^[11]

Events

• 2 April – Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No. 1 premieres at the Burgtheater, in Vienna.
• May 3
  • Battle of Stockach: French victory^[12]
  • Battle of Engen: French victory^[12]
• 4–5 May– Battle of Messkirch: French victory
• 9 May – Battle of Biberach: French victory
• 15 May – Battle of Erbach: French victory
• 19 June – War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Höchstädt – General Jean Victor Marie Moreau leads French forces to victory, opening the Danube passageway to Vienna.
• 27 June – Battle of Neuburg: French victory^[13]
• 22 November – War of the Second Coalition: Hostilities resume.
• 1 December – Battle of Ampfing
• 3 December – War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Hohenlinden – The French army defeats Habsburg and Bavarian troops.

Births

• 26 January – Johann Gerhard Oncken, German Baptist preacher (died 1884)
• 3 March – Heinrich Georg Bronn, German geologist, paleontologist (died 1862)
• 10 March – Victor Aimé Huber, German social reformer (died 1869)
• 17 March – Rudolf Ewald Stier, German Protestant churchman, mystic (died 1862)
• 20 March – Gottfried Bernhardy, German philologist, literary historian (died 1875)^[14]
• 25 March – Ernst Heinrich Karl von Dechen, German geologist, mineralogist (died 1889)
• 28 March – Johann Georg Wagler, German herpetologist (died 1832)
• 16 April – Jakob Heine, German orthopaedist (died 1879)
• 30 May – Karl Wilhelm Feuerbach, German geometer (died 1834)
• 31 July – Friedrich Wöhler, German chemist (died 1882)
• 20 August – Bernhard Heine, German physician, bone specialist and inventor (died 1846)
• 26 October – Helmuth von Moltke the Elder, German Field Marshal (died 1891)

Approximate date

• Abraham Rice, German-born rabbi, first ordained rabbi to serve in the United States (died 1862)

Deaths

• 3 January – Count Karl-Wilhelm Finck von Finckenstein, Prime Minister of Prussia (born 1714)
• 6 January – Friedrich Adolf Riedesel, German soldier (born 1738)
• 11 January – Kyra Frosini, Greek heroine (born 1773)
• 16 January – Johann Christian Wiegleb, German chemist (born 1732)
• 4 February – Charlotte Sophie of Aldenburg, Countess of Varel and Kniphausen (born 1715)^[15]
• 20 June – Abraham Gotthelf Kästner, German mathematician (born 1719)
• 28 June – Heinrich XI, Prince Reuss of Greiz, German noble (born 1722)
• 10 September – Johann David Schoepff, German naturalist, doctor (born 1752)
• 4 October – Johann Hermann, German physician, naturalist (born 1738)

Notes and References

1. 17. 921. Maximilian I., king of Bavaria.
2. Web site: General German Biography - Wikisource. 24 January 2021.
3. Web site: 30 July 2018. Federick William III. Encyclopaedia Britannica.
4. Book: Huish, Robert . Public and Private Life His Late Excellent and most Gracious Majesty George The Third . T. Kelly . 1821 . 170 .
5. Web site: Oldenburg Royal Family . Monarchies of Europe . https://web.archive.org/web/20060317161934/http://www.btinternet.com/~allan_raymond/Oldenburg_Royal_Family.htm . 1 January 2021. 17 March 2006 .
6. Book: Thüringer Chronik-Verlag Müllerott. 978-3-910132-29-0. Apfelstedt. F.. Apfelstedt. Heinrich Friedrich Theodor. Das Haus Kevernburg-Schwarzburg von seinem Ursprunge bis auf unsere Zeit. 1996.
7. J. Morley, "The Bauhaus Effect," in Social Utopias of the Twenties (Germany: Müller Bushmann press, 1995), 11.
8. Web site: Biografie Georg I (German). Meininger Museen. 8 September 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20110915152148/http://www.meiningermuseen.de/pages/schloss/personen/herzogliche-familie/georg-i.php. 15 September 2011. dead.
9. Book: Albinus, Robert. Lexikon der Stadt Königsberg Pr. und Umgebung. Verlag Gerhard Rautenberg. 1985. 3-7921-0320-6. Leer. 371. de.
10. Book: David, Saul. Prince of pleasure : the Prince of Wales and the making of the Regency. 1998. New York : Atlantic Monthly Press. 978-0-87113-739-5. 24 January 2021.
11. Book: Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans. Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living . 1768. Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. Bourdeaux. fr. 38.
12. Book: Arnold, James R. . Marengo & Hohenlinden: Napoleon's Rise to Power . Barnsley, South Yorkshire . Pen and Sword . 2005 . 1-84415-279-0. 197-201.
13. Timothy Blanning. The French Revolutionary Wars, New York, Oxford University Press. p. 200.
14. http://de.wikisource.org/wiki/ADB:Bernhardy,_Gottfried ADB: Bernhardy, Gottfried
15. Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstliche Häuser IV. "Portland". C.A. Starke Verlag, 1956, pp. 484-485. (German).