1800 in Canada explained

Events from the year 1800 in Canada.

Incumbents

George III[1]

Federal government

2nd (until June 4)

2nd (until July 4)

Governors

Robert Milnes

Thomas Carleton

John Wentworth

Charles Morice Pole

Edmund Fanning

Events

Births

Deaths

Historical documents

List of wars between England and France since 1116 counts 242 years of warfare in 687-year period[5]

Monthly record of British military deployment shows 2 ships of the line, 7 frigates, 6 sloops and 5 infantry regiments in America and Newfoundland[6]

Newly signed "Convention of Amity and Commerce between France and the United States" has "maxims" supporting neutrality and "regulations of 1778"[7]

German professors experiment with beets producing sugar; their "process, which they are about to publish, is easy, and by no means expensive"[8]

Lower Canada

Montreal petitioners ask Assembly to legalize slavery of "Negroes and Panis," including recognizing enslaved as property and regulating them[9]

Notice of death of Father Casot, last Jesuit in L.C., notes his charity toward poor people and calls his loss "a public calamity"[10]

Assembly asks British government to dedicate former Jesuit property to education in order to preserve population's attachment to Constitution[11]

George Heriot, deputy postmaster general for British North America, announces and seeks support for monthly winter postal link with Upper Canada[12]

Partners bringing spring water to Montreal area seek charter, supported by Montrealers who find St. Lawrence River water "impure in the extreme"[13]

Death of shipbuilder Patrick Beatson "will be severely felt by a great number of Mechanics as his extensive concerns[...]are as yet unrivalled"[14]

Any man suing another man for latter's "criminal conversation" with former's wife does not need to prove latter man guilty of adultery[15]

Christians

"[...]examine your thoughts, words, and actions [for faults], especially after much business, speaking, &c.[....]"[16]

New York medical journal says Quebec man plans to publish on "how far the laws of Chemical Action" explain "Phenomena of organic matter"[17]

Every 6th Regiment soldier must have permission to sell any clothing, equipment or arms, and anyone buying from one or his wife will be prosecuted[18]

"Very great rise in the price of paper, wages and the necessaries of life" since Gazette's 1764 debut means subscription rises from $3 to $4 annually[19]

Upper Canada

Odawa, Ojibwe, Potawatomi and Wendat sell 1,380 acres along Detroit River in area of what is now Sandwich and Amherstburg for £300 in goods[20]

Mother and daughter each given 1,200 acres of land "as the wife & daughter of an executive Counciller;" he and family have 20,000 acres in total[21]

Daughter of United Empire Loyalist petitions for 200 acres "to put her on a footing with others of her description"[22]

Lt. Gov. Peter Hunter says calling legislature in late spring is inconvenient and will end when "Roads which communicate with the Capital" open[23]

Nova Scotia

N.S. juries have decided so often against enslavers, says New Brunswick lawyer, that "masters" have turned to "limited service by indenture"[24]

Lt. Gov. Wentworth calls Maroons "deluded deceived people [leaving] Health, Comfort, and prosperity" of N.S. (Note: racial stereotypes)[25]

Halifax naval personnel find evidence of shipwreck deaths on Sable Island; suggestion follows to locate 2 or 3 lifesaving families on island[26]

Clare Township Acadians oppose "reunion" of land they inhabit to Weymouth Parish across Sissiboo River, dividing them "one from another"[27]

Letter-to-the-Editor suggests many wells be dug to fight drought in Halifax and protect it from fires both in "the Country around" and in town[28]

Optical telegraph system is set up across province from Halifax to Annapolis with plans to extend it to New Brunswick[29]

"Negro Girl [for [[lease]]], Aged 18 years, good natured, fond of Children and accustomed to both Town and Country work"[30]

New Brunswick

Edward Winslow considers road to Lower Canada "essential to the safety & prosperity of these provinces," and worth fighting U.S.A. for[31]

Winslow says many Loyalists given land grants "were idle, dissipated and capricious, [selling land] for a trifle to Land-jobbers and speculators"[32]

Lt. Gov. Carleton says "Settlement [up [[Saint John River (Bay of Fundy)|St. John River]]] has made it necessary to be the more on our guard against any hostile[...]Savages"[33]

Ward Chipman's point-by-point brief supports client Nancy's Supreme Court case against her enslaver, arguing right of slavery is not lawful[34]

Listing of N.B. produce (masts, lumber, fish etc.) en route to West Indies and Britain in some of 31 new ships out of Saint John port this year[35]

Guilty of grand larceny, "the old offender, Martha Malone, [is sentenced to] 39 lashes in presence of a female only," and 2 years hard labour[36]

John McKinnon has "prevailed with his Wife Ann to return to him under an engagement on his part that she shall not have any cause of fear"[37]

"The Coroner's Inquest sat on the body of Mary Austin, an unfortunate woman, found dead in the street - Verdict, accidental death"[38]

A. Paddock and two others, "informed that there is a very great probability that the Small Pox will soon appear" in Saint John, offer inoculations[39] ----------------- Physician John Caleff describes outbreak of smallpox in St. Andrews in last two months affecting more than 500 people but with only 3 deaths[40]

Patent medicine

"Vermifuge Lozenges for destroying worms[,] Volatile Tincture; An immediate Cure for the TOOTH ACHE[,] Infallible German Corn Plaister"[41]

Anonymous writer advises treating fevers by keeping "the intestines open with Castor Oil;[...]or the Pyrment waters with Vitriolic acid and Aromatics"[42]

Call for dissertation on chapters of Revelation "proving that Jacobinism is the Eighth Head of the Beast, and Voltaire the Number of the Beast"[43]

Cornerstone of Assembly and law courts building laid; it will combine "the principles of utility, œconomy and elegance in the highest degree"[44] ----------------- Fashions: "Small round caps with very narrow lace borders [–] a peculiar appearance of buxom beauty[,]" scarlet cashmere cloaks, short-waisted coats[45]

Newfoundland

"The Newfoundland Fishery has been highly successful last season; the Venus navigated by five men, caught 80,000 Cod"[46]

France's Newfoundland fishery, once four times bigger than England's, is now nearly gone and "almost exclusivly in possession of the English"[47]

Labrador

Missionary makes chart of coast as far as Hudson Bay from Inuit accounts, including "dwelling places, rivers, bays and woods" and anchorages[48]

Solomon says "[...]I cannot regain that state of mind I enjoyed, when I was baptized. There is[...]a dark shadow between me and our Savior"[49]

Hudson's Bay Company

Indigenous woman and 5 children walk 9 days to York Factory after losing her husband; she reports others unable to walk, but no one at Y.F. can help[50]

Three teenage boys (including chief factor's son), "Educated and Brought up in the [Albany] Factory," apprentice to shipwright, carpenter and cooper[51]

Elsewhere

Union of Ireland and Britain "arrests much of the public attention in both kingdoms" and acrimony characterizes debate in Irish Parliament[52]

Commons supply committee expends from £7,960 (Upper Canada) to £1,640 (Newfoundland) for civil government; compare £39.5 million budget[53]

Men of Rocky Mountain Fort fire muskets at dawn on New Year's Day and receive 2 drams of rum and half-fathom (3 feet) of tobacco each[54]

U.S. commissioners find 49 "refugees" from British North America during American Revolution are entitled to shares of 33,500 acres made available[55]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 31 December 2015 . George III . 18 April 2016 . Official website of the British monarchy . Royal Household.
  2. Web site: Brown . Jennifer . 7 February 2016 . XY Company . 28 December 2023 . The Canadian Encyclopedia.
  3. Schmidt . Grace . Betzner, Samuel D. . 8 .
  4. Web site: The Louisiana Purchase . 3 March 2024 . Library of Congress.
  5. "July 6. The following[....]," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1848 (September 25, 1800), pg. 2. Accessed 10 April 2024
  6. "London, June 1," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1843 (August 21, 1800), pg. 2. Accessed 9 April 2024
  7. "Paris, October 3," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1857 (November 27, 1800), pgs. 1–2. (See also update ("New York, 15 Nov." pg. 4) that treaty postpones settlement of past differences "till peace in Europe") Accessed 10 April 2024
  8. "London, October 23," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1820 Cahier 1 (March 13, 1800), pg. 1. Accessed 4 April 2024
  9. "A Petition of divers inhabitants of the District of Montreal[....]" (read April 18, 1800), Journal of the House of Assembly of Lower-Canada from the 5th March to the 29th May 1800, pgs. pgs. 150, 152, 154, 156. Accessed 3 April 2024
  10. "On Sunday last[....]," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1821 Cahier 1 (March 20, 1800), pg. 3 (bottom). Accessed 4 April 2024
  11. "The order of the day being read[....]" (April 18, 1800), Journal of the House of Assembly of Lower-Canada from the 5th March to the 29th May 1800, pgs. pgs. 162, 164, 166. Accessed 3 April 2024
  12. "Notice is hereby given[....]," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1856 (November 20, 1800), pg. 2. Accessed 10 April 2024
  13. "Tuesday, 18th March, 1800; A Petition of certain Maitres de Poste(....), Journal of the House of Assembly of Lower-Canada from the 5th March to the 29th May 1800, pgs. 48, 50, 52. Accessed 28 March 2024
  14. "Quebec, December 11, 1800," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1859 (December 11, 1800), pg. 2. Accessed 10 April 2024
  15. https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/declaratory-act-respecting-actions-criminal-conversation-29th-may-1800 A Declaratory Act respecting Actions for Criminal Conversation
  16. https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.41697/13 "Necessary Rules for a Christian"
  17. "Quebec, Wednesday, 25th June, 1800; Extract[....]," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1835 Cahier 1 (June 26, 1800), pg. 2. (See also notice of publication (in French; pg. 4) of this work) Accessed 9 April 2024
  18. "Notice is Hereby Given," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1846 Cahier 1 (September 11, 1800), pg. 4. Accessed 10 April 2024
  19. "Notice" (April 25, 1800), The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1827 Cahier 1 (May 1, 1800), pg. 4. Accessed 5 April 2024
  20. https://www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca/eng/1370372152585/1581293792285#ucls12 "Treaty No. 12"
  21. "Smith, David William; Undated Upper Canada Land Petition[...]1800" (read December 16, 1800), Land Petitions of the Niagara Settlers "Smith, Abraham to Jesse" Accessed 12 April 2024
  22. "Fisher, Elizabeth (Overholt)," (July 9, 1800), Land Petitions of the Niagara Settlers "Felker to Fitzgerald" Accessed 12 April 2024
  23. "York, (Upper Canada) Saturday, June 7; Tho' I have called you together[....]," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1837 Cahier 1 (July 10, 1800), pg. 4. Accessed 9 April 2024
  24. "VI. What is the law of this Province respecting the slavery of Negroes?; When this shall be proved, the next inquiry will be in the legality of it.[...]," Brief; Supreme Court, New Brunswick[...]1800, George III, quoted in The Loyalists and Slavery in New Brunswick (1898; unpaginated), Provincial Archives of New Brunswick. Accessed 27 March 2024
  25. "Letter from Sir John Wentworth to Richard Molesworth" (January 15, 1800), pg. 2 Nova Scotia Archives. Accessed 15 April 2024
  26. "Halifax, June 5," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1840 (July 31, 1800), pg. 2. Accessed 9 April 2024
  27. https://archives.novascotia.ca/land-papers/archives/?ID=1864&Doc=memorial "Clare, Inhabitants of – 1800 – Digby County"
  28. "Mr. Henry," The Royal Gazette and Nova-Scotia Advertiser (August 26, 1800), Number 647 pg. 3, 3rd column. Accessed 26 March 2024
  29. https://web.lib.unb.ca/winslow/fullrecord.cgi?id=1351&level=2 "Letter from Daniel Lyman to Edward Winslow"
  30. https://novascotia.ca/archives/Africanns/archives.asp?ID=60 "For Sale for a Term of Years(....)"
  31. https://web.lib.unb.ca/winslow/fullrecord.cgi?id=1383&level=2 "Letter from (Edward Winslow) to (Sir John Wentworth)"
  32. https://web.lib.unb.ca/winslow/fullrecord.cgi?id=1354&level=2 "Letter from Edward Winslow to E.G. Lutwyche"
  33. https://web.lib.unb.ca/winslow/fullrecord.cgi?id=1350&level=2 "Letter from Thomas Carleton to Edward, Duke of Kent"
  34. https://preserve.lib.unb.ca/chipman/20231127193543/https://web.lib.unb.ca/Texts/NBHistory/chipman/chipman.html Court Transcript of an Anti-Slavery Case, Fredericton NB, 1800
  35. "Saint John, Friday, December 19, 1800; The Coroner's Inquest[....]," The Saint John Gazette, and General Advertiser, Vol. XV, No. 91 (December 19, 1800), pg. 3 (3rd column). Accessed 3 April 2024
  36. "Saint John, Sept. 19; The Annual Circuit Court[....]," The Saint John Gazette, and General Advertiser, Vol. XV, No. 78 (September 19, 1800), pg. 3 (3rd column). Accessed 1 April 2024
  37. "Notice" (August 22, 1800), The Saint John Gazette, and General Advertiser, Vol. XIV, No. 65 (August 29, 1800), pg. 3 (4th column). Accessed 1 April 2024
  38. "Saint John, Friday, December 12, 1800; The Coroner's Inquest[....]," The Saint John Gazette, and General Advertiser, Vol. XV, No. 90 (December 12, 1800), pg. 3 (3rd column). Accessed 3 April 2024
  39. "Small Pox" (June 13, 1800), The Saint John Gazette, and General Advertiser, Vol. XIV, No. 65 (June 13, 1800), pg. 3 (4th column). Accessed 1 April 2024
  40. https://web.lib.unb.ca/winslow/fullrecord.cgi?id=1413&level=2 "Letter from Dr. John Caleff to Colonel Hailes"
  41. The Saint John Gazette, and General Advertiser, Vol. XIV, No. 59 (May 9, 1800), pg. 3 (4th column). Accessed 1 April 2024
  42. The Saint John Gazette, and General Advertiser, Vol. XIV, No. 60 (May 16, 1800), pg. 3 (2nd column). Accessed 1 April 2024
  43. "Proposals[....]," The Saint John Gazette, and General Advertiser, Vol. XV, No. 89 (December 5, 1800), pg. 3 (2nd column). Accessed 3 April 2024
  44. "The St. John Gazette; We hear from Fredericton[....]," The Saint John Gazette, and General Advertiser, Vol. XIV, No. 65 (June 13, 1800), pg. 3 (3rd column). Accessed 1 April 2024
  45. "Fashions - London," The Saint John Gazette, and General Advertiser, Vol. XIV, No. 62 (May 30, 1800), pg. 4 (2nd column). (See also list (pg. 3, 3rd column) of walking dresses and head dresses, and report (pg. 3, 3rd column) that 18 ladies wearing muslin undresses have caught fire and 18,000 caught cold) Accessed 1 April 2024
  46. The Royal Gazette and Nova-Scotia Advertiser (July 1, 1800), Number 647 pg. 2, 3rd column. Accessed 26 March 2024
  47. "London; Oct. 19," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1815 Cahier 1 (February 6, 1800), pg. 2. Accessed 4 April 2024
  48. https://collections.mun.ca/digital/collection/cns_permorv/id/32807/rec/2 "From Okkak, September 5, 1800; Among our visitors last winter(....)"
  49. https://collections.mun.ca/digital/collection/cns_permorv/id/32778/rec/2 "Extracts from the last Diaries received from the Coast of Labrador; January 4th (1800)"
  50. "1800 Dec'r 4th," "York Factory - Post Journal; 1800–1801" (frame 19). Accessed 12 April 2024
  51. "[November] 17th [1799]," "Albany - Post Journal; 1800–1801" (frame 9). Accessed 12 April 2024
  52. "Boston, April 14; The union of Ireland with Great Britain[....]," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1828 Cahier 1 (May 8, 1800), pg. 2. Accessed 5 April 2024
  53. "House of Common - Feb. 22; Committee of Supply," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1830 Cahier 1 (May 22, 1800), pg. 1. Accessed 5 April 2024
  54. "Tues. 1st Jan'y 1800," "Journal of the Rocky Mountain Fort / Fall 1799," Image 31 University of Saskatchewan Libraries. (See also James McKenzie's list of celebration expenses) Accessed 11 April 2024
  55. James McHenry and 2 others, "Report" (May 8, 1800), Letter from the Commissioners[...]for the Relief of the Refugees from the British Provinces of Canada and Nova Scotia, image 9. Accessed 26 March 2024

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