August 17 Explained

Events

Pre-1600

• 310  - Pope Eusebius dies, possibly from a hunger strike, shortly after being banished by the Emperor Maxentius to Sicily.
• 682  - Pope Leo II begins his pontificate.^[1]
• 986  - Byzantine–Bulgarian wars: Battle of the Gates of Trajan: The Bulgarians under the Comitopuli Samuel and Aron defeat the Byzantine forces at the Gate of Trajan, with Byzantine Emperor Basil II barely escaping.
• 1186  - Georgenberg Pact: Ottokar IV, Duke of Styria and Leopold V, Duke of Austria sign a heritage agreement in which Ottokar gives his duchy to Leopold and to his son Frederick under the stipulation that Austria and Styria would henceforth remain undivided.
• 1386  - Karl Topia, the ruler of Princedom of Albania forges an alliance with the Republic of Venice, committing to participate in all wars of the Republic and receiving coastal protection against the Ottomans in return.
• 1424  - Hundred Years' War: Battle of Verneuil: An English force under John, Duke of Bedford defeats a larger French army under Jean II, Duke of Alençon, John Stewart, and Earl Archibald of Douglas.
• 1488  - Konrad Bitz, the Bishop of Turku, marks the date of his preface to Missale Aboense, the oldest known book of Finland.^[2]
• 1498  - Cesare Borgia, son of Pope Alexander VI, becomes the first person in history to resign the cardinalate; later that same day, King Louis XII of France names him Duke of Valentinois.
• 1549  - Battle of Sampford Courtenay: The Prayer Book Rebellion is quashed in England.
• 1560  - The Catholic Church is overthrown and Protestantism is established as the national religion in Scotland.
• 1585  - Eighty Years' War: Siege of Antwerp: Antwerp is captured by Spanish forces under Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma, who orders Protestants to leave the city and as a result over half of the 100,000 inhabitants flee to the northern provinces.
• 1585  - A first group of colonists sent by Sir Walter Raleigh under the charge of Ralph Lane lands in the New World to create Roanoke Colony on Roanoke Island, off the coast of present-day North Carolina.
• 1597  - Islands Voyage: Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, and Sir Walter Raleigh set sail on an expedition to the Azores.

1601–1900

• 1668  - The magnitude 8.0 North Anatolia earthquake causes 8,000 deaths in northern Anatolia, Ottoman Empire.^{[3] [4]}
• 1717  - Austro-Turkish War of 1716–18: The month-long Siege of Belgrade ends with Prince Eugene of Savoy's Austrian troops capturing the city from the Ottoman Empire.
• 1723  - Ioan Giurgiu Patachi becomes Bishop of Făgăraș and is festively installed in his position at the St. Nicolas Cathedral in Făgăraș, after being formally confirmed earlier by Pope Clement XI.
• 1740  - Pope Benedict XIV, previously known as Prospero Lambertini, succeeds Clement XII as the 247th Pope.
• 1784  - Classical composer Luigi Boccherini receives a pay rise of 12,000 reals from his employer, the Infante Luis, Count of Chinchón.
• 1798  - The Vietnamese Catholics report a Marian apparition in Quảng Trị, an event which is called Our Lady of La Vang.
• 1807  - Robert Fulton's North River Steamboat leaves New York City for Albany, New York, on the Hudson River, inaugurating the first commercial steamboat service in the world.
• 1808  - The Finnish War: The Battle of Alavus is fought.^[5]
• 1827  - Dutch King William I and Pope Leo XII sign concord.
• 1836  - British parliament accepts registration of births, marriages and deaths.
• 1862  - American Indian Wars: The Dakota War of 1862 begins in Minnesota as Dakota warriors attack white settlements along the Minnesota River.
• 1862  - American Civil War: Major General J. E. B. Stuart is assigned command of all the cavalry of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia.
• 1863  - American Civil War: In Charleston, South Carolina, Union batteries and ships bombard Confederate-held Fort Sumter.
• 1864  - American Civil War: Battle of Gainesville: Confederate forces defeat Union troops near Gainesville, Florida.
• 1866  - The Grand Duchy of Baden announces its withdrawal from the German Confederation and signs a treaty of peace and alliance with Prussia.
• 1876  - Richard Wagner's Götterdämmerung, the last opera in his Ringcycle, premieres at the Bayreuth Festspielhaus.^[6]
• 1883  - The first public performance of the Dominican Republic's national anthem, Himno Nacional.
• 1896  - Bridget Driscoll became the first recorded case of a pedestrian killed in a collision with a motor car in the United Kingdom.

1901–present

• 1914  - World War I: Battle of Stallupönen: The German army of General Hermann von François defeats the Russian force commanded by Paul von Rennenkampf near modern-day Nesterov, Russia.
• 1915  - Jewish American Leo Frank is lynched in Marietta, Georgia, USA after his death sentence is commuted by Governor John Slaton.
• 1915  - A Category 4 hurricane hits Galveston, Texas with winds at 135mph.
• 1916  - World War I: Romania signs a secret treaty with the Entente Powers. According to the treaty, Romania agreed to join the war on the Allied side.
• 1918  - Bolshevik revolutionary leader Moisei Uritsky is assassinated.
• 1942  - World War II: U.S. Marines raid the Japanese-held Pacific island of Makin.
• 1943  - World War II: The U.S. Eighth Air Force suffers the loss of 60 bombers on the Schweinfurt–Regensburg mission.
• 1943  - World War II: The U.S. Seventh Army under General George S. Patton arrives in Messina, Italy, followed several hours later by the British 8th Army under Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery, thus completing the Allied conquest of Sicily.
• 1943  - World War II: First Québec Conference of Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and William Lyon Mackenzie King begins.
• 1943  - World War II: The Royal Air Force begins Operation Hydra, the first air raid of the Operation Crossbow strategic bombing campaign against Germany's V-weapon program.
• 1945  - Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta proclaim the independence of Indonesia, igniting the Indonesian National Revolution against the Dutch Empire.
• 1945  - The novella Animal Farm by George Orwell is first published.
• 1945  - Evacuation of Manchukuo: At Talitzou by the Sino-Korean border, Puyi, then the Kangde Emperor of Manchukuo, formally renounces the imperial throne, dissolves the state, and cedes its territory to the Republic of China.^[7]
• 1947  - The Radcliffe Line, the border between the Dominions of India and Pakistan, is revealed.
• 1949  - The 6.7 Karlıova earthquake shakes eastern Turkey with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme), leaving 320–450 dead.^{[3] [8] [9]}
• 1949  - Matsukawa derailment: Unknown saboteurs cause a passenger train to derail and overturn in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, killing three crew members and igniting a political firestorm between the Japanese Communist Party and the government of Occupied Japan that will eventually lead to the Japanese Red Purge.^[10]
• 1953  - First meeting of Narcotics Anonymous takes place, in Southern California.
• 1955  - Hurricane Diane made landfall near Wilmington, North Carolina, and it went on to cause major floods and kill more than 184 people.^{[11] [12]}
• 1958  - Pioneer 0, America's first attempt at lunar orbit, is launched using the first Thor-Able rocket and fails. Notable as one of the first attempted launches beyond Earth orbit by any country.
• 1959  - Quake Lake is formed by the magnitude 7.2 1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake near Hebgen Lake in Montana.
• 1960  - Aeroflot Flight 036 crashes in Soviet Ukraine, killing 34.^[13]
• 1962  - Peter Fechter is shot and bleeds to death while trying to cross the new Berlin Wall.
• 1969  - Category 5 Hurricane Camille hits the U.S. Gulf Coast, killing 256 and causing $1.42 billion in damage.
• 1970  - Soviet Union Venera program: Venera 7 launched. It will become the first spacecraft to successfully transmit data from the surface of another planet (Venus).
• 1976  - A magnitude 7.9 earthquake hits off the coast of Mindanao, Philippines, triggering a destructive tsunami, killing between 5,000 and 8,000 people and leaving more than 90,000 homeless.^{[14] [15]}
• 1977  - The Soviet icebreaker Arktika becomes the first surface ship to reach the North Pole.
• 1978  - Double Eagle II becomes first balloon to cross the Atlantic Ocean when it lands in Miserey, France near Paris, 137 hours after leaving Presque Isle, Maine.
• 1985  - The 1985–86 Hormel strike begins in Austin, Minnesota.^[16]
• 1988  - President of Pakistan Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq and U.S. Ambassador Arnold Raphel are killed in a plane crash.
• 1991  - Strathfield massacre: In Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, taxi driver Wade Frankum shoots seven people and injures six others before turning the gun on himself.
• 1998  - Lewinsky scandal: US President Bill Clinton admits in taped testimony that he had an "improper physical relationship" with White House intern Monica Lewinsky; later that same day he admits before the nation that he "misled people" about the relationship.
• 1999  - The 7.6 İzmit earthquake shakes northwestern Turkey with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), leaving 17,118–17,127 dead and 43,953–50,000 injured.
• 2004  - The National Assembly of Serbia unanimously adopts new state symbols for Serbia: Bože pravde becomes the new anthem and the coat of arms is adopted for the whole country.
• 2005  - The first forced evacuation of settlers, as part of Israeli disengagement from Gaza, starts.
• 2005  - Over 500 bombs are set off by terrorists at 300 locations in 63 out of the 64 districts of Bangladesh.
• 2008  - American swimmer Michael Phelps becomes the first person to win eight gold medals at one Olympic Games.
• 2009  - An accident at the Sayano-Shushenskaya Dam in Khakassia, Russia, kills 75 and shuts down the hydroelectric power station, leading to widespread power failure in the local area.
• 2015  - A bomb explodes near the Erawan Shrine in Bangkok, Thailand, killing at least 19 people and injuring 123 others.
• 2017  - Barcelona attacks: A van is driven into pedestrians in La Rambla, killing 14 and injuring at least 100.
• 2019  - A bomb explodes at a wedding in Kabul killing 63 people and leaving 182 injured.^[17]

Births

Pre-1600

• 1153  - William IX, Count of Poitiers (d. 1156)
• 1465  - Philibert I, Duke of Savoy (d. 1482)
• 1473  - Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York (d. 1483)
• 1501  - Philipp II, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg (d. 1529)
• 1556  - Alexander Briant, English martyr and saint (d. 1581)
• 1578  - Francesco Albani, Italian painter (d. 1660)
• 1578  - Johann, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, first prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (d. 1638)
• 1582  - John Matthew Rispoli, Maltese philosopher (d. 1639)
• 1586  - Johann Valentin Andrea, German theologian (d. 1654)

1601–1900

• 1603  - Lennart Torstensson, Swedish Field Marshal, Privy Councillour and Governor-General (d. 1651)
• 1629  - John III Sobieski, Polish–Lithuanian king (d. 1696)
• 1686  - Nicola Porpora, Italian composer and educator (d. 1768)^[18]
• 1753  - Josef Dobrovský, Bohemian philologist and historian (d. 1828)
• 1768  - Louis Desaix, French general (d. 1800)
• 1786  - Davy Crockett, American soldier and politician (d. 1836)^[19]
• 1786  - Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (d. 1861)
• 1801  - Fredrika Bremer, Swedish writer and feminist (d. 1865)^[20]
• 1828  - Jules Bernard Luys, French neurologist and physician (d. 1897)
• 1840  - Wilfrid Scawen Blunt, English poet and activist (d. 1922)^[21]
• 1845  - Henry Cadwalader Chapman, American physician and naturalist (d. 1909)
• 1849  - William Kidston, Scottish-Australian politician, 17th Premier of Queensland (d. 1919)
• 1863  - Gene Stratton-Porter, American author and photographer (d. 1924)
• 1865  - Julia Marlowe, English-American actress (d. 1950)
• 1866  - Mahbub Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VI, Indian 6th Nizam of Hyderabad (d. 1911)
• 1873  - John A. Sampson, American gynecologist and academic (d. 1946)
• 1877  - Ralph McKittrick, American golfer and tennis player (d. 1923)
• 1878  - Reggie Duff, Australian cricketer (d. 1911)
• 1880  - Percy Sherwell, South African cricketer and tennis player (d. 1948)
• 1887  - Charles I of Austria (d. 1922)
• 1887  - Marcus Garvey, Jamaican journalist and activist, founded Black Star Line (d. 1940)
• 1888  - Monty Woolley, American actor, raconteur, and pundit (d. 1963)^[22]
• 1889  - Lalla Carlsen, Norwegian singer and actress (d. 1967)^[23]
• 1890  - Stefan Bastyr, Polish soldier and pilot (d. 1920)
• 1890  - Harry Hopkins, American politician and diplomat, 8th United States Secretary of Commerce (d. 1946)^[24]
• 1893  - John Brahm, German-American director and production manager (d. 1982)
• 1893  - Mae West, American stage and film actress (d. 1980)^[25]
• 1894  - William Rootes, 1st Baron Rootes, English businessman, founded Rootes Group (d. 1964)^[26]
• 1896  - Leslie Groves, American general and engineer (d. 1970)^[27]
• 1896  - Tõnis Kint, Estonian lieutenant and politician, Prime Minister of Estonia in exile (d. 1991)
• 1896  - Oliver Waterman Larkin, American historian and author (d. 1970)
• 1899  - Janet Lewis, American poet and novelist (d. 1998)^{[28] [29]}
• 1900  - Vivienne de Watteville, British travel writer and adventurer (d. 1957)
• 1900  - Pauline A. Young, American teacher, historian, aviator and activist (d. 1991)

1901–present

• 1904  - Mary Cain, American journalist and politician (d. 1984)^[30]
• 1904  - Leopold Nowak, Austrian composer and musicologist (d. 1991)^[31]
• 1909  - Larry Clinton, American trumpet player and bandleader (d. 1985)^[32]
• 1909  - Wilf Copping, English footballer (d. 1980)
• 1911  - Mikhail Botvinnik, Russian chess player and engineer (d. 1995)
• 1911  - Martin Sandberger, German colonel and lawyer (d. 2010)^[33]
• 1913  - Mark Felt, American lawyer and agent, 2nd Deputy Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (d. 2008)^[34]
• 1913  - Oscar Alfredo Gálvez, Argentinian race car driver (d. 1989)
• 1913  - Rudy York, American baseball player and manager (d. 1970)
• 1914  - Bill Downs, American journalist (d. 1978)
• 1914  - Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr., American lawyer and politician (d. 1988)^[35]
• 1916  - Moses Majekodunmi, Nigerian physician and politician (d. 2012)
• 1918  - Evelyn Ankers, British-American actress (d. 1985)^[36]
• 1918  - Ike Quebec, American saxophonist and pianist (d. 1963)^[37]
• 1918  - Michael John Wise, English geographer and academic (d. 2015)^[38]
• 1919  - Georgia Gibbs, American singer (d. 2006)^[39]
• 1920  - Maureen O'Hara, Irish-American actress and singer (d. 2015)^[40]
• 1920  - Lida Moser, American photographer and author (d. 2014)^[41]
• 1921  - Geoffrey Elton, German-English historian and academic (d. 1994)
• 1922  - Roy Tattersall, English cricketer (d. 2011)^[42]
• 1923  - Carlos Cruz-Diez, Venezuelan artist (d. 2019)^[43]
• 1923  - Larry Rivers, American painter and sculptor (d. 2002)^[44]
• 1924  - Evan S. Connell, American novelist, poet, and short story writer (d. 2013)^[45]
• 1926  - Valerie Eliot, English businesswoman (d. 2012)^[46]
• 1926  - Jiang Zemin, Chinese engineer and politician, former General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (paramount leader) and 5th President of China (d. 2022)
• 1927  - Sam Butera, American saxophonist and bandleader (d. 2009)^[47]
• 1927  - F. Ray Keyser Jr., American lawyer and politician, Governor of Vermont (d. 2015)^[48]
• 1928  - T. J. Anderson, American composer, conductor, and educator^[49]
• 1928  - Willem Duys, Dutch tennis player, sportscaster, and producer (d. 2011)
• 1929  - Francis Gary Powers, American captain and pilot (d. 1977)^[50]
• 1930  - Harve Bennett, American screenwriter and producer (d. 2015)^[51]
• 1930  - Ted Hughes, English poet and playwright (d. 1998)^[52]
• 1931  - Tony Wrigley, English historian, demographer, and academic (d. 2022)^[53]
• 1932  - V. S. Naipaul, Trinidadian-English novelist and essayist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2018)^[54]
• 1932  - Duke Pearson, American pianist and composer (d. 1980)^[55]
• 1932  - Jean-Jacques Sempé, French cartoonist (d. 2022)^[56]
• 1933  - Mark Dinning, American pop singer (d. 1986)
• 1934  - João Donato, Brazilian pianist and composer (d. 2023)^[57]
• 1934  - Ron Henry, English footballer (d. 2014)^[58]
• 1936  - Seamus Mallon, Irish educator and politician, Deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland (d. 2020)
• 1936  - Margaret Heafield Hamilton, American computer scientist, systems engineer, and business owner
• 1938  - Theodoros Pangalos, Greek lawyer and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Greece (d. 2023)^[59]
• 1939  - Luther Allison, American blues guitarist and singer (d. 1997)^[60]
• 1940  - Eduardo Mignogna, Argentinian director and screenwriter (d. 2006)
• 1940  - Barry Sheerman, English academic and politician
• 1941  - Lothar Bisky, German businessman and politician (d. 2013)^[61]
• 1941  - Jean Pierre Lefebvre, Canadian director and screenwriter
• 1941  - Boog Powell, American baseball player^[62]
• 1942  - Shane Porteous, Australian actor, animator, and screenwriter
• 1943  - Edward Cowie, English composer, painter, and author^[63]
• 1943  - Robert De Niro, American actor, entrepreneur, director, and producer^{[64] [65]}
• 1943  - John Humphrys, Welsh journalist and author
• 1943  - Dave "Snaker" Ray, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2002)
• 1944  - Larry Ellison, American businessman, co-founded the Oracle Corporation
• 1944  - Jean-Bernard Pommier, French pianist and conductor^[66]
• 1945  - Rachel Pollack, American author, poet, and educator (d. 2023)^[67]
• 1946  - Hugh Baiocchi, South African golfer
• 1946  - Martha Coolidge, American director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1946  - Patrick Manning, Trinidadian-Tobagonian politician, 4th Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (d. 2016)
• 1947  - Mohamed Abdelaziz, Sahrawi politician, President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (d. 2016)
• 1947  - Gary Talley, American guitarist, singer-songwriter, and author
• 1948  - Alexander Ivashkin, Russian-English cellist and conductor (d. 2014)^[68]
• 1949  - Norm Coleman, American lawyer and politician, 52nd Mayor of St. Paul
• 1949  - Sue Draheim, American fiddler and composer (d. 2013)^[69]
• 1949  - Julian Fellowes, English actor, director, screenwriter, and politician
• 1949  - Sib Hashian, American rock drummer (d. 2017)^[70]
• 1951  - Richard Hunt, American Muppet performer (d. 1992)
• 1951  - Robert Joy, Canadian actor
• 1952  - Aleksandr Maksimenkov, Russian footballer and coach (d. 2012)
• 1952  - Nelson Piquet, Brazilian race car driver and businessman
• 1952  - Mario Theissen, German engineer and businessman
• 1952  - Guillermo Vilas, Argentinian tennis player
• 1953  - Mick Malthouse, Australian footballer and coach
• 1953  - Herta Müller, Romanian-German poet and author, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1953  - Korrie Layun Rampan, Indonesian author, poet, and critic (d. 2015)
• 1953  - Kevin Rowland, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1954  - Eric Johnson, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1954  - Andrés Pastrana Arango, Colombian lawyer and politician, 38th President of Colombia
• 1955  - Colin Moulding, English singer-songwriter and bassist
• 1956  - Gail Berman, American businessman, co-founded BermanBraun
• 1956  - Álvaro Pino, Spanish cyclist
• 1957  - Ken Kwapis, American director and screenwriter
• 1957  - Laurence Overmire, American poet, author, and actor
• 1957  - Robin Cousins, British competitive figure skater
• 1958  - Belinda Carlisle, American singer-songwriter^[71]
• 1958  - Fred Goodwin, Scottish banker and accountant
• 1958  - Maurizio Sandro Sala, Brazilian race car driver
• 1959  - Jonathan Franzen, American novelist and essayist
• 1959  - Jacek Kazimierski, Polish footballer
• 1959  - Eric Schlosser, American journalist and author
• 1959  - David Koresh, American cult leader^[72] (d. 1993)
• 1960  - Stephan Eicher, Swiss singer-songwriter
• 1960  - Sean Penn, American actor, director, and political activist^[73]
• 1962  - Gilby Clarke, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer^[74]
• 1962  - Dan Dakich, American basketball player, coach, and sportscaster
• 1963  - Jon Gruden, American football player, coach, and sportscaster
• 1963  - Jackie Walorski, American politician (d. 2022)
• 1964  - Colin James, Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1964  - Maria McKee, American singer-songwriter
• 1964  - Dave Penney, English footballer and manager
• 1965  - Steve Gorman, American drummer
• 1965  - Dottie Pepper, American golfer
• 1966  - Jüri Luik, Estonian politician and diplomat, 18th Estonian Minister of Defense
• 1966  - Rodney Mullen, American skateboarder and stuntman
• 1966  - Don Sweeney, Canadian ice hockey player and manager
• 1967  - David Conrad, American actor
• 1967  - Michael Preetz, German footballer and manager
• 1968  - Andriy Kuzmenko, Ukrainian singer-songwriter (d. 2015)^[75]
• 1968  - Ed McCaffrey, American football player and sportscaster
• 1968  - Helen McCrory, English actress (d. 2021)^[76]
• 1969  - Christian Laettner, American basketball player and coach
• 1969  - Kelvin Mercer, American rapper, songwriter and producer
• 1969  - Donnie Wahlberg, American singer-songwriter, actor and producer^[77]
• 1970  - Jim Courier, American tennis player and sportscaster
• 1970  - Andrus Kivirähk, Estonian author
• 1970  - Øyvind Leonhardsen, Norwegian footballer and coach
• 1971  - Uhm Jung-hwa, South Korean singer and actress
• 1971  - Jorge Posada, Puerto Rican-American baseball player
• 1971  - Shaun Rehn, Australian footballer and coach
• 1972  - Habibul Bashar, Bangladeshi cricketer
• 1974  - Giuliana Rancic, Italian-American journalist and television personality
• 1974  - Johannes Maria Staud, Austrian composer^[78]
• 1976  - Eric Boulton, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1976  - Geertjan Lassche, Dutch journalist and director
• 1976  - Serhiy Zakarlyuka, Ukrainian footballer and manager (d. 2014)
• 1977  - Nathan Deakes, Australian race walker
• 1977  - William Gallas, French footballer
• 1977  - Thierry Henry, French footballer
• 1977  - Mike Lewis, Welsh guitarist
• 1977  - Tarja Turunen, Finnish singer-songwriter and producer
• 1979  - Antwaan Randle El, American football player and journalist
• 1979  - Nicole Sunitsch, Austrian politician^[79]
• 1980  - Keith Dabengwa, Zimbabwean cricketer
• 1980  - Daniel Güiza, Spanish footballer
• 1980  - Jan Kromkamp, Dutch footballer
• 1980  - Lene Marlin, Norwegian singer-songwriter
• 1982  - Phil Jagielka, English footballer
• 1982  - Cheerleader Melissa, American wrestler and manager
• 1982  - Mark Salling, American actor and musician (d. 2018)
• 1983  - Dustin Pedroia, American baseball player
• 1984  - Dee Brown, American basketball player
• 1984  - Oksana Domnina, Russian ice dancer
• 1984  - Liam Heath, British sprint canoeist^[80]
• 1984  - Garrett Wolfe, American football player
• 1985  - Yū Aoi, Japanese actress and model
• 1986  - Rudy Gay, American basketball player
• 1986  - Tyrus Thomas, American basketball player
• 1988  - Brady Corbet, American actor and director
• 1988  - Jihadi John, Kuwaiti-British member of ISIS (d. 2015)
• 1988  - Natalie Sandtorv, Norwegian singer-songwriter
• 1988  - Erika Toda, Japanese actress
• 1989  - Lil B, American rapper^[81]
• 1989  - Rachel Corsie, Scottish footballer^[82]
• 1990  - Rachel Hurd-Wood, English actress^[83]
• 1991  - Austin Butler, American actor^[84]
• 1992  - Saraya Bevis, English wrestler
• 1992  - Alex Elisala, New Zealand-Australian rugby player (d. 2013)
• 1992  - Chanel Mata'utia, Australian rugby league player
• 1992  - Maru Teferi, Israeli marathon runner^[85]
• 1993  - Ederson Moraes, Brazilian footballer
• 1993  - Sarah Sjöström, Swedish swimmer
• 1993  - Xie Zhenye, Chinese athlete^[86]
• 1994  - Phoebe Bridgers, American singer/songwriter
• 1994  - Jack Conklin, American football player^[87]
• 1994  - Taissa Farmiga, American actress
• 1995  - Gracie Gold, American figure skater
• 1995  - Dallin Watene-Zelezniak, New Zealand rugby league player
• 1996  - Jake Virtanen, Canadian ice hockey player
• 2000  - Lil Pump, American rapper and songwriter
• 2003  - Nastasja Schunk, German tennis player^[88]
• 2003  - The Kid Laroi, Australian rapper and songwriter^[89]

Deaths

Pre-1600

• 754  - Carloman, mayor of the palace of Austrasia
• 949  - Li Shouzhen, Chinese general and governor
• 1153  - Eustace IV, Count of Boulogne (b. 1130)
• 1304  - Emperor Go-Fukakusa of Japan (b. 1243)
• 1324  - Irene of Brunswick (b. 1293)
• 1338  - Nitta Yoshisada, Japanese samurai (b. 1301)
• 1424  - John Stewart, Earl of Buchan (b. c. 1381)
• 1510  - Edmund Dudley, English politician, Speaker of the House of Commons (b. 1462)^[90]
• 1510  - Richard Empson, English statesman^[91]
• 1547  - Katharina von Zimmern, Swiss sovereign abbess (b. 1478)^[92]

1601–1900

• 1673  - Regnier de Graaf, Dutch physician and anatomist (b. 1641)
• 1676  - Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen, German author (b. 1621)
• 1720  - Anne Dacier, French scholar and translator (b. 1654)
• 1723  - Joseph Bingham, English scholar and academic (b. 1668)^[93]
• 1768  - Vasily Trediakovsky, Russian poet and playwright (b. 1703)
• 1785  - Jonathan Trumbull, English-American merchant and politician, 16th Governor of Connecticut (b. 1710)^[94]
• 1786  - Frederick the Great, Prussian king (b. 1712)^[95]
• 1809  - Matthew Boulton, English businessman and engineer, co-founded Boulton and Watt (b. 1728)
• 1814  - John Johnson, English architect and surveyor (b. 1732)
• 1834  - Husein Gradaščević, Ottoman general (b. 1802)
• 1838  - Lorenzo Da Ponte, Italian playwright and poet (b. 1749)
• 1850  - José de San Martín, Argentinian general and politician, 1st President of Peru (b. 1778)
• 1861  - Alcée Louis la Branche, American politician and diplomat, 1st United States Ambassador to Texas (b. 1806)
• 1870  - Perucho Figueredo, Cuban poet and activist (b. 1818)
• 1875  - Wilhelm Bleek, German linguist and anthropologist (b. 1827)
• 1897  - William Jervois, English engineer and diplomat, 10th Governor of South Australia (b. 1821)^[96]

1901–present

• 1901  - Edmond Audran, French organist and composer (b. 1842)^[97]
• 1903  - Hans Gude, Norwegian-German painter and academic (b. 1825)^[98]
• 1908  - Radoje Domanović, Serbian satirist and journalist (b. 1873)
• 1909  - Madan Lal Dhingra, Indian activist (b. 1883)^[99]
• 1918  - Moisei Uritsky, Russian activist and politician (b. 1873)
• 1920  - Ray Chapman, American baseball player (b. 1891)
• 1924  - Tom Kendall, English-Australian cricketer and journalist (b. 1851)
• 1925  - Ioan Slavici, Romanian journalist and author (b. 1848)
• 1935  - Adam Gunn, American decathlete (b. 1872)
• 1935  - Charlotte Perkins Gilman, American sociologist and author (b. 1860)^[100]
• 1936  - José María of Manila, Spanish-Filipino priest and martyr (b. 1880)
• 1940  - Billy Fiske, American soldier and pilot (b. 1911)^[101]
• 1945  - Reidar Haaland, Norwegian police officer and soldier (b. 1919)
• 1949  - Gregorio Perfecto, Filipino journalist, jurist, and politician (b. 1891)
• 1958  - Arthur Fox, English-American fencer (b. 1878)
• 1966  - Ken Miles, English race car driver and engineer (b. 1918)
• 1969  - Otto Stern, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1888)^[102]
• 1970  - Rattana Pestonji, Thai director and producer (b. 1908)
• 1971  - Maedayama Eigorō, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 39th Yokozuna (b. 1914)
• 1971  - Wilhelm List, German field marshal (b. 1880)
• 1973  - Conrad Aiken, American novelist, short story writer, critic, and poet (b. 1889)
• 1973  - Jean Barraqué, French pianist and composer (b. 1928)^[103]
• 1973  - Paul Williams, American singer and choreographer (b. 1939)^[104]
• 1977  - Delmer Daves, American screenwriter, director and producer (b. 1904)^[105]
• 1979  - John C. Allen, American roller coaster designer (b. 1907)
• 1979  - Vivian Vance, American actress and singer (b. 1909)^[106]
• 1983  - Ira Gershwin, American songwriter (b. 1896)^[107]
• 1987  - Gary Chester, Italian drummer and educator (b. 1924)
• 1987  - Rudolf Hess, German soldier and politician (b. 1894)^[108]
• 1987  - Shaike Ophir, Israeli actor and screenwriter (b. 1929)^[109]
• 1988  - Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, Pakistani general and politician, 6th President of Pakistan (b. 1924)^[110]
• 1988  - Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr., American lawyer and politician (b. 1914)
• 1988  - Victoria Shaw, Australian-American actress (b. 1935)^[111]
• 1990  - Pearl Bailey, American actress and singer (b. 1918)^[112]
• 1993  - Feng Kang, Chinese mathematician and academic (b. 1920)
• 1994  - Luigi Chinetti, Italian-American race car driver and businessman (b. 1901)^[113]
• 1994  - Jack Morrison, Australian rugby league player (b. 1905)^[114]
• 1994  - Jack Sharkey, American boxer and referee (b. 1902)^[115]
• 1995  - Howard E. Koch, American playwright and screenwriter (b. 1902)^[116]
• 1995  - Ted Whitten, Australian footballer and coach (b. 1933)^[117]
• 1998  - Władysław Komar, Polish shot putter and actor (b. 1940)^[118]
• 1998  - Tadeusz Ślusarski, Polish pole vaulter (b. 1950)
• 2000  - Jack Walker, English businessman (b. 1929)
• 2004  - Thea Astley, Australian author and educator (b. 1925)^[119]
• 2005  - John N. Bahcall, American astrophysicist and academic (b. 1934)^[120]
• 2006  - Shamsur Rahman, Bangladeshi poet and journalist (b. 1929)^[121]
• 2007  - Bill Deedes, English journalist and politician (b. 1913)^[122]
• 2007  - Eddie Griffin, American basketball player (b. 1982)
• 2008  - Franco Sensi, Italian businessman and politician (b. 1926)
• 2010  - Francesco Cossiga, Italian lawyer and politician, 8th President of Italy (b. 1928)^[123]
• 2012  - Aase Bjerkholt, Norwegian politician, Minister of Children, Equality and Social Inclusion (b. 1915)
• 2012  - Victor Poor, American engineer, developed the Datapoint 2200 (b. 1933)^[124]
• 2012  - Patrick Ricard, French businessman (b. 1945)^[125]
• 2012  - John Lynch-Staunton, Canadian lawyer and politician (b. 1930)
• 2013  - Odilia Dank, American educator and politician (b. 1938)^[126]
• 2013  - Jack Harshman, American baseball player (b. 1927)^[127]
• 2013  - John Hollander, American poet and critic (b. 1929)
• 2013  - David Landes, Jewish-American historian and economist (b. 1924)^[128]
• 2013  - Frank Martínez, American painter (b. 1924)
• 2013  - Gus Winckel, Dutch lieutenant and pilot (b. 1912)
• 2014  - Børre Knudsen, Norwegian minister and activist (b. 1937)
• 2014  - Wolfgang Leonhard, German historian and author (b. 1921)^[129]
• 2014  - Sophie Masloff, American civil servant and politician, 56th Mayor of Pittsburgh (b. 1917)^[130]
• 2014  - Miodrag Pavlović, Serbian poet and critic (b. 1928)
• 2014  - Pierre Vassiliu, French singer-songwriter (b. 1937)
• 2015  - Yvonne Craig, American ballet dancer and actress (b. 1937)^[131]
• 2015  - Gerhard Mayer-Vorfelder, German businessman (b. 1933)^[132]
• 2015  - László Paskai, Hungarian cardinal (b. 1927)^[133]
• 2016  - Arthur Hiller, Canadian actor, director, and producer (b. 1923)^[134]
• 2024  - Virginia Ogilvy, Countess of Airlie, British countess (b. 1933)^[135]
• 2024  - Silvio Santos, Brazilian media mogul and television host (b. 1930)^[136]

Holidays and observances

• Christian feast day:
  • Saint Beatrice of Silva
  • Saint Clare of Montefalco^[137]
  • Saint Hyacinth of Poland^[138]
  • Saint Jeanne Delanoue^[139]
  • Saint Mammes of Caesarea
  • Samuel Johnson, Timothy Cutler, and Thomas Bradbury Chandler (Episcopal Church)^[140]
  • August 17 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Engineer's Day (Colombia)
• Independence Day, celebrates the independence proclamation of Indonesia from Japan in 1945.

External links

• Web site: On This Day . BBC.
  • Web site: Historical Events on August 17 . OnThisDay.com.

Notes and References

1. Web site: Saint Leo II pope . Encyclopedia Britannica . 28 October 2020 . en.
2. Web site: Missale Aboense. Europeana. 8 January 2023.
3. Web site: Historic Worldwide Earthquakes . https://web.archive.org/web/20090825081330/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/world/historical.php/ . 25 August 2009. United States Geological Survey. 27 September 2021.
4. Zabci . C. . Akyüz . H. S. . Karabacak . V. . Sançar . T. . Altunel . E. . Gürsoy . H. . Tatar . O. . 2011 . Palaeoearthquakes on the Kelkit Valley Segment of the North Anatolian Fault, Turkey: Implications for the Surface Rupture of the Historical 17 August 1668 Anatolian Earthquake . Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences . 20 . 411–427 . 27 September 2021 . 26 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210926193329/https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/earth/issues/yer-11-20-4/yer-20-4-4-0910-48.pdf .
5. Book: Hornborg, Eirik . När riket sprängdes: fälttågen i Finland och Västerbotten, 1808-1809 . sv . 1955. P. A. Norstedts och Söners Förlag . Stockholm.
6. Web site: 7 May 2012 . Götterdämmerung: Performance History . 17 August 2022 . OperaGlass.
7. Book: Behr, Edward . 1977 . The Last Emperor . Bantam . 0-553-34474-9 . 262–263 . registration .
8. Web site: Bogazici University Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute National Earthquake Monitoring Center (NEMC) List of major earthquakes 1900–2004. Boğaziçi University. Turkish. 27 August 2010.
9. Book: Asian Law in Disasters: Toward a Human-Centered Recovery . Yuka Kaneko . Katsumi Matsuoka . Toshihisa Toyoda . Routledge. 2016. 978-1-317-39684-0. 27 September 2021.
10. Book: Chalmers, Johnson . 1972 . 118–119 . Conspiracy at Matsukawa . University of California Press . 0-520-02063-4 . registration .
11. Gordon E. Dunn. Walter R. Davis. Paul L. Moore. Hurricanes of 1955. 319. United States Weather Bureau. 2013-02-13. December 1955. Monthly Weather Review. 83. 12. 10.1175/1520-0493(1955)083<0315:HO>2.0.CO;2. 1955MWRv...83..315D. https://web.archive.org/web/20071026210422/http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/083/mwr-083-12-0315.pdf. 2007-10-26.
12. Edward N. Rappaport. Jose Fernandez-Partagas. Jack Beven. 1997-04-22. The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492 - 1996. National Hurricane Center. 2013-02-03. https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastdeadlyapp1.shtml?. Appendix 1: Cyclones with 25+ deaths.
13. Web site: Wednesday 17 August 1960 . 29 October 2019 . aviation-safety.net . Aviation Safety Network.
14. Book: Catalog of Tsunamis in the Pacific 1969–1982. Staff of the Academy of Sciences of the USS. Diane Pub. 978-0-7881393-1-4. 103, 104. 1997.
15. Web site: Tsunami | Tsunami History | Tsunami Devastation | Tsunami Tragedy. www.ringsurf.com.
16. Web site: Hormel Strike, 1985–1986 MNopedia. 2021-05-18. www.mnopedia.org.
17. Web site: Bomb blast at wedding party in Kabul, Afghanistan kills 63 and injures 182 more. 18 August 2019. Sky News. 19 August 2019.
18. Markstrom . Kurt . Robinson . Michael F. . Porpora, Nicola . 2001 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.22126.
19. Lofaro . Michael A. . Crockett, Davy (1786-1836), frontiersman, Tennessee and U.S. congressman, and folk hero . February 2000 . 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.2000231.
20. Bremer, Fredrika . 4 . 494–495.
21. Longford . Elizabeth . Blunt, Wilfrid Scawen (1840–1922), hedonist, poet, and breeder of Arab horses . 23 September 2004 . 10.1093/ref:odnb/31938.
22. Fisher . James . Woolley, Monty (1888-1963), stage and screen actor and director . February 2000 . 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1801268.
23. Encyclopedia: Lalla Carlsen . Lillian . Bikset . . 22 August 2023 . Bolstad . Erik . Norsk nettleksikon . Oslo . no. 14 March 2024.
24. McJimsey . George . Hopkins, Harry Lloyd (1890-1946), New Deal administrator and presidential adviser . February 2000 . 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0600288.
25. Web site: Mae West Biography, Plays, Movies, & Facts Britannica . www.britannica.com . 19 April 2022 . en.
26. Butterworth . J. B. . Bloomfield . G. T. . Rootes, William Edward, first Baron Rootes (1894–1964), motor vehicle manufacturer . 2004 . 10.1093/ref:odnb/35825.
27. Fredriksen . John C. . Groves, Leslie Richard, Jr. (1896-1970), army officer and engineer . February 2000 . 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0700115.
28. News: Robert McG. Thomas Jr. . Robert McG. Thomas Jr. . Janet Lewis, 99, Poet of Spirit and Keeper of the Hearth, Dies . subscription . 15 April 2022 . . 5 December 1998 . C 16.
29. News: Obituary: Janet Lewis . Davis, Dick. The Independent. December 15, 1998. July 11, 2010.
30. McRae . Elizabeth Gillespie . Cain, Mary Dawson (17 Aug. 1904–6 May 1984), newspaper publisher and conservative political activist . 26 May 2022 . 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.013.370007.
31. Klein . Rudolf . Korstvedt . Benjamin . Nowak, Leopold . 2001 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.20155.
32. Schneider . Wayne . Clinton, Larry . 2003 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.J091300.
33. News: The Quiet Death of a Nazi . 16 August 2024 . ABC News . 15 April 2010 . en.
34. Evensen . Bruce J. . Felt, Mark (17 August 1913–18 December 2008) . April 2015 . 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0700855.
35. Lemons . Shelly L. . Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, Jr. (1914-1988), politician and businessman . February 2000 . 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0700515.
36. News: Evelyn Ankers Is Dead; 'Queen' of the B-Films . 16 August 2024 . The New York Times . 31 August 1985.
37. Lambert . Eddie . Kernfeld . Barry . Quebec, Ike . 2003 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.J366500.
38. Johnston . Ron . Wise, Michael John (1918–2015), geographer . 10 January 2019 . 10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.109817.
39. News: Fox . Margalit . Georgia Gibbs, 87, Singer of the ’50s Hit ‘Kiss of Fire,’ Dies . 16 August 2024 . The New York Times . 12 December 2006.
40. Evensen . Bruce J. . O’Hara, Maureen (17 Aug. 1920–24 Oct. 2015), actress . 28 March 2019 . 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.013.1803936.
41. News: Slotnik . Daniel E. . Lida Moser, Photographer With an Urban Eye, Dies at 93 . 16 August 2024 . The New York Times . 3 September 2014.
42. News: Frith . David . Roy Tattersall obituary . 16 August 2024 . The Guardian . 11 December 2011.
43. Rodríguez . Bélgica . Cruz-Diez, Carlos . Oxford Art Online . 2003 . 10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T020486.
44. Harrison . Helen A. . Rivers, Larry . Oxford Art Online . 2003 . 10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T072310.
45. News: Carlson . Michael . Evan S Connell obituary . 16 August 2024 . The Guardian . 14 January 2013.
46. Raine . Craig . Eliot [née Fletcher], (Esmé) Valerie (1926–2012), literary executor and editor . 7 January 2016 . 10.1093/ref:odnb/105728.
47. News: Keepnews . Peter . Sam Butera, High-Energy Jazz Saxophonist and Bandleader, Is Dead at 81 - Obituary (Obit) - NYTimes.com . 16 August 2024 . The New York Times . 5 June 2009.
48. Web site: F. Ray Keyser, Ex-Governor of Vermont, Dies at 87 . The New York Times . 3 June 2024 . 9 March 2015.
49. Ramsey . Guthrie P., Jr . Anderson, T(homas) J(efferson) . 2001 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.00866.
50. Butler . Brian . Powers, Francis Gary (1929-1977), pilot and espionage agent . February 2000 . 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0700619.
51. News: Fox . Margalit . Harve Bennett, Quiz Kid and ‘Star Trek’ Producer, Dies at 84 . 16 August 2024 . The New York Times . 7 March 2015.
52. News: Lyall . Sarah . Ted Hughes, 68, a Symbolic Poet And Sylvia Plath's Husband, Dies . 16 August 2024 . The New York Times . 30 October 1998.
53. Web site: Professor Sir Tony Wrigley PhD FBA m.1949 . Peterhouse Cambridge . 3 March 2022 . 2 March 2022.
54. News: Ramchand . Kenneth . VS Naipaul obituary . 16 August 2024 . The Guardian . 12 August 2018.
55. Kernfeld . Barry . Pearson, Duke . 2003 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.J349300.
56. News: French cartoonist Sempe, famous for New Yorker covers, dies age 89. Reuters. August 12, 2022. en. 12 August 2022. 12 August 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220812102121/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/french-cartoonist-sempe-famous-new-yorker-covers-dies-age-89-2022-08-12/. live.
57. News: Pareles . Jon . João Donato, Innovative Brazilian Musician, Is Dead at 88 . 16 August 2024 . The New York Times . 21 July 2023.
58. News: Welch . Julie . Ron Henry obituary . 16 August 2024 . The Guardian . 5 January 2015.
59. News: Theodoros Pangalos, outspoken Greek former foreign minister, dies at 84 . 16 August 2024 . AP News . 31 May 2023 . en . Nicholas . Paphitis.
60. News: Leigh . Spencer . Obituary: Luther Allison . 16 August 2024 . The Independent . 13 August 1997 . en.
61. News: Reid . Robert H. . Ex-leader of Germany's Left Party dies at age 71 . 16 August 2024 . AP News . 13 August 2013 . en.
62. Web site: Boog Powell . . 15 August 2023.
63. Burton . Anthony . Cowie, Edward . 2001 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.06746.
64. Web site: Robert De Niro . www.goldenglobes.com . 7 October 2020 . en.
65. Web site: De Niro, Robert . LC Linked Data Service: Authorities and Vocabularies . . 7 October 2020.
66. Timbrell . Charles . Pommier, Jean-Bernard . 2001 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.22065.
67. News: Priest . Christopher . Rachel Pollack obituary . 16 August 2024 . The Guardian . 17 April 2023.
68. News: Dixon . Gavin . Alexander Ivashkin obituary . 16 August 2024 . The Guardian . 13 February 2014.
69. News: Hunt . Ken . Sue Draheim: Widely admired folk violinist . 16 August 2024 . The Independent . 28 May 2013.
70. News: Staff . Bryan Marquard Globe . Sib Hashian, 67, former drummer for Boston . 16 August 2024 . The Boston Globe . 23 March 2017.
71. Brown . Jessica L. . Go-Go’s, the . 1 July 2014 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.A2262338.
72. Web site: David Koresh . 27 March 2023 .
73. Web site: Sean Penn . Biography.com . A&E Television Networks . 14 August 2020 . en-us.
74. Jovanovic . Rob . Guns N’ Roses . 25 July 2013 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.A2241369.
75. News: Trach . Nataliya . Ukrainian pop star dies in car accident . 16 August 2024 . Kyiv Post . 2 February 2015 . en.
76. News: Coveney . Michael . Helen McCrory obituary . 16 August 2024 . The Guardian . 18 April 2021.
77. Conn . Stephanie . New Kids on the Block . 3 September 2014 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.A2267337.
78. Ender . Daniel . Staud, Johannes Maria . 9 September 2009 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.2082392.
79. Web site: Nicole Sunitsch (aktiv). Austrian Parliament. de.
80. Web site: Liam Heath. International Olympic Committee. 27 June 2020.
81. Web site: Madden . Sidney . Happy Birthday, Lil B! . . 15 August 2023 . 17 August 2015.
82. Web site: Rachel Corsie Scotland Scottish FA . www.scottishfa.co.uk . 28 April 2020.
83. News: Aug. 17 celebrity birthdays. The Orange County Register. 17 August 2012. 25 January 2024.
84. Web site: Rose . Mike . Today's famous birthdays list for August 17, 2022 includes celebrities Taissa Farmiga, Robert DeNiro . . . 15 August 2023 . 17 August 2022.
85. Web site: Maru TEFERI | Profile | World Athletics. worldathletics.org.
86. Web site: Zhenye XIE | Profile | World Athletics. worldathletics.org.
87. Web site: Jack Conklin . . 15 August 2023.
88. Web site: Nastasja Schunk Player Stats & More – WTA Official . 2022-10-21 . Women's Tennis Association . en.
89. charlton . thekidlaroi . 1294551414425804801 . 15 August 2020 . My bday is actually on the 17th da Internet is a lie . en . 10 August 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200815082922/https://twitter.com/thekidlaroi/status/1294551414425804801 . 15 August 2020 . live.
90. Gunn . S. J. . Dudley, Edmund (c. 1462–1510), administrator and speaker of the House of Commons . 27 May 2010 . 10.1093/ref:odnb/8147.
91. Condon . M. M. . Empson, Sir Richard (c. 1450–1510), administrator and speaker of the House of Commons . 17 September 2015 . 10.1093/ref:odnb/8799.
92. Book: Christine. Christ-von Wedel. Irene. Gysel. Jeanne. Pestalozzi. Marlis. Stähli. Die Äbtissin, der Söldnerführer und ihre Töchter: Katharina von Zimmern im politischen Spannungsfeld der Reformationszeit. Zürich. Theologischer Verlag Zürich. 2020. DE. 317. 978-3-29018-255-7.
93. Handley . Stuart . Bingham, Joseph (bap. 1668, d. 1723), ecclesiastical historian . 3 October 2013 . 10.1093/ref:odnb/2410.
94. Grossbart . Stephen R. . Trumbull, Jonathan (1710-1785), merchant and governor of Connecticut . February 2000 . 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0100900.
95. Book: Reddaway . William F. . Frederick the Great and the Rise of Prussia . 1908 . G. P. Putnam's Sons . New York . 346–347.
96. Kinross . John S. . Article Jervois, Sir William Francis Drummond (1821–1897), army officer . 21 May 2009 . 10.1093/ref:odnb/14800.
97. Book: Letellier . Robert Ignatius . Operetta: A Sourcebook, Volume I . 5 October 2015 . Cambridge Scholars Publishing . 978-1-4438-8425-9 . 281 . en.
98. Haverkamp . Ernst . Gude, Hans Fredrik . Oxford Art Online . 2003 . 10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T035369.
99. News: Jagga . Raakhi . Who was Madan Lal Dhingra, freedom fighter hanged at 24 . 16 August 2024 . The Indian Express . 17 August 2023 . en.
100. Book: Ford, Lynne E.. Encyclopedia of Women and American Politics. New York. Facts on File. 2007. 978-0-81605-491-6. 209.
101. Web site: Day by day: 17 August 1940 . The Battle of Britain Memorial . 14 August 2020 . Today say the death of Pilot Officer Billy Fiske of No 601 Squadron, one of the American volunteers to fly with the RAF in the Battle. Fiske's Hurricane had been hit by return fire from a Ju 87 over Bognor Regis the day before and had forced-landed back at Tangmere on fire. At the time the airfield was being bombed, but groundcrew carried him clear. He had appeared to be recovering in hospital before his death from burns and shock. . 23 September 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200923000423/https://www.battleofbritainmemorial.org/learn/the-battle-of-britain/day-by-day/#17-august-1940 . dead .
102. Toennies . J.P. . Schmidt‐Böcking . H. . Friedrich . B. . Lower . J.C.A. . Otto Stern (1888–1969): The founding father of experimental atomic physics . Annalen der Physik . 20 December 2011 . 523 . 12 . 1045–1070 . 10.1002/andp.201100228. 1109.4864 .
103. Griffiths . Paul . Barraqué, Jean . 2001 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.02103.
104. News: Former Temptations Singer Found Dead . 16 August 2024 . Detroit Free Press . 19 August 1973 . Newspapers.com . 67.
105. News: SERVICES TOMORROW FOR DELMER L DAVES . 16 August 2024 . The New York Times . 19 August 1977.
106. News: Smith . Cecil . From the Archives: Comedienne Vivian Vance Dies at 66 . 16 August 2024 . Los Angeles Times . 18 August 1979.
107. Bordman . Gerald . Hischak . Thomas S. . Gershwin, Ira . 2001 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.45732.
108. News: Rudolf Hess Is Dead in Berlin; Last of the Hitler Inner Circle . 16 August 2024 . The New York Times . 18 August 1987.
109. News: Shaike Ophir Dead at 58 . 16 August 2024 . Jewish Telegraphic Agency . 20 March 2015.
110. Umar . Ghulam . [News of President General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq's Death] . Pakistan Horizon . 1988 . 41 . 3 . i–v . 41393865 . 0030-980X.
111. News: Victoria Shaw, model who went to Hollywood . 16 August 2024 . The Sydney Morning Herald . 19 August 1988 . Newspapers.com . 4.
112. News: Wilson . John S. . Pearl Bailey, Musical Star and Humorist, Is Dead at 72 . 16 August 2024 . The New York Times . 19 August 1990.
113. News: Siano . Joseph . Luigi Chinetti Sr., 93, Automobile Importer and Champion Racer . 16 August 2024 . The New York Times . 20 August 1994.
114. Web site: Jack Morrison - Career Stats & Summary - Rugby League Project. Rugbyleagueproject.org.
115. News: Thomas . Robert Mcg, Jr . Jack Sharkey, Boxing Champion, Dies at 91 . 16 August 2024 . The New York Times . 19 August 1994.
116. News: Gussow . Mel . Howard Koch, a Screenwriter For 'Casablanca,' Dies at 93 . 16 August 2024 . The New York Times . 18 August 1995.
117. John . Lack . whitten-edward-james-ted-27937 . Edward James (Ted) Whitten (1933–1995) . 19 . 2021.
118. News: PLUS: TRACK AND FIELD; Two Polish Athletes Killed in Car Crash . 16 August 2024 . The New York Times . 19 August 1998.
119. News: Thea Astley . 16 August 2024 . The Telegraph . 28 August 2004 . en.
120. News: Overbye . Dennis . John N. Bahcall, 70, Dies; Astrophysicist at Princeton . 16 August 2024 . The New York Times . 19 August 2005.
121. News: Radice . William . Shamsur Rahman . 16 August 2024 . The Guardian . 15 September 2006.
122. News: Ingrams . Richard . Lord Deedes . 16 August 2024 . The Guardian . 17 August 2007.
123. News: Sassoon . Donald . Francesco Cossiga obituary . 16 August 2024 . The Guardian . 18 August 2010.
124. News: Markoff . John . Victor Poor, Who Helped Create Early Intel Chips, Dies at 79 . 16 August 2024 . The New York Times . 19 August 2012.
125. News: Hevesi . Dennis . Patrick Ricard, Who Expanded Spirits Company, Dies at 67 . 16 August 2024 . The New York Times . 24 August 2012.
126. News: Former Okla. lawmaker dies at 74 after cancer . 16 August 2024 . Norman Transcript . The Associated Press . 20 August 2013 . en.
127. Web site: Gabcik . John . Jack Harshman . Society for American Baseball Research . 16 August 2024.
128. News: David S. Landes, Historian and Author, Is Dead at 89 . 7 September 2013 . 7 October 2023 . Martin . Douglas . The New York Times.
129. News: Wolfgang Leonhard - obituary . 16 August 2024 . The Telegraph . 10 September 2014 . en.
130. News: McFadden . Robert D. . Sophie Masloff, Ex-Mayor of Pittsburgh, Dies at 96 . 16 August 2024 . The New York Times . 18 August 2014.
131. News: Bergan . Ronald . Yvonne Craig obituary . 16 August 2024 . The Guardian . 23 August 2015.
132. News: Former German football association chief Mayer-Vorfelder dead . 16 August 2024 . Business Standard . IANS . 18 August 2015.
133. News: Cardinal Paskai, Hungarian Church leader, dies at 88 . 16 August 2024 . The Catholic Herald . Catholic News Service . 18 August 2015.
134. News: Kehr . Dave . 2016-08-17 . Arthur Hiller, 'Love Story' Director and Box-Office Magnet, Dies at 92 . 2022-11-16 . The New York Times.
135. Web site: Times . The . 2024-08-21 . Virginia, Countess of Airlie obituary: lady of the bedchamber to Queen Elizabeth II . 2024-08-21 . www.thetimes.com . en.
136. News: Lvares . Y.Dbora . 2024-08-17 . Brazilian entertaining legend Silvio Santos dies at 93. 2024-08-17 . Independent.
137. Book: Watkins . Basil . The Book of Saints: A Comprehensive Biographical Dictionary . 2015-11-19 . Bloomsbury Academic . 978-0-567-66456-3 . 145 . en.
138. Web site: Saint Hyacinth of Poland . dominicans.ie . 17 August 2010 . 10 June 2021.
139. Book: Howell . Kenneth J. . Crownwood . Joseph . Mystery of the Altar: Daily Meditations on the Eucharist . 2021-01-29 . Emmaus Road Publishing . 978-1-949013-71-9 . 108 . en.
140. Book: Publishing . Church . A Great Cloud of Witnesses . 2016-10-01 . Church Publishing, Inc. . 978-0-89869-963-0 . 419 . en.