1797 in Canada explained

Events from the year 1797 in Canada.

Incumbents

George III[1]

Federal government

2nd (starting January 24)

2nd (starting June 1)

Governors

Robert Prescott

Thomas Carleton

John Wentworth

John Elliot

Edmund Fanning

John Graves Simcoe

Events

Births

Deaths

Historical documents

With Maine–New Brunswick border commission's arrival, writer favourably compares this way of "settling national contests to that of the Bayonet!"[3]

Border commission member Edward Winslow writes in spirit of reconciliation to U.S. friends from before his exile at end of American Revolutionary War[4]

Lower Canada

Anyone accused of high treason or misprision or suspicion of high treason or "Treasonable practices" shall be jailed without bail for 1 year[5]

David McLane is convicted of treason after 14-hour trial and sentenced to death (Note: graphic description of method of execution)[6]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Kings and Queens of Canada . aem . 24 February 2021 . 11 August 2017.
  2. Web site: Galarneau . Claude . 1979 . McLANE, DAVID . May 12, 2023 . Dictionary of Canadian Biography . University of Toronto.
  3. "Boston, August 5," The St. John Gazette and Weekly Advertiser, Volume XII, Number 587 (August 18, 1797), pg. 2 of 2 (lefthand page, 3rd column). (See also poem describing this border and rest of boundaries with U.S.A.) Accessed 26 January 2024
  4. Letter of Edward Winslow (August 17, 1797), Winslow Papers; A.D. 1776-1826, pgs. 424-5 (PDF pg. 434). (See also letter (pg. 427; PDF 437) from fellow Loyalist who misses his "good old friends") Accessed 7 February 2024
  5. https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/act-better-preservation-his-majestys-government-law-happily-established-province-2d-may An Act for the better preservation of His Majesty's Government as by Law happily established in this Province
  6. "By His Excellency Robert Prescott[....]" (August 22, 1797), The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1684 Cahier 1 (August 31, 1797), pg. 1. Accessed 2 February 2024
  7. "Quebec, August 24," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1683 Cahier 1 (August 24, 1797), pg. 3. Accessed 2 February 2024
  8. "Circulating Library" (September 13, 1797), The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1686 Cahier 1 (September 14, 1797), pg. 3. Accessed 2 February 2024
  9. "Advertisement," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1686 Cahier 1 (September 14, 1797), pg. 3. Accessed 2 February 2024
  10. https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/act-better-securing-province-against-kings-enemies An Act for the better securing of the Province against the King’s Enemies
  11. https://www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca/eng/1370372152585/1581293792285#ucls7 Treaty No. 8
  12. https://wardepartmentpapers.org/s/home/item/56987 "Treaty with the Mohawk Nation of Indians"
  13. "Moody, Mary" (April 4, 1797), Land Petitions of the Niagara Settlers "Molyneux to Morris" Accessed 6 February 2024
  14. "Turney, George; Undated[...]Petition of George, Jeanny and Nancy Turney[....]" (received February 4, 1797), Land Petitions of the Niagara Settlers "Turney to Tyler" (See also successful petition of their mother, Mary Turney (on this page)) Accessed 6 February 2024
  15. https://digitalarchive.tpl.ca/objects/336971/diary-concerning-land-granting-in-upper-canada# Peter Russell diary entry
  16. https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/act-better-regulating-practice-law An Act for better regulating the Practice of the Law
  17. https://heritage.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.lac_reel_c10996/226?r=0&s=4 Excerpts of letters of Joseph Brant to John Johnson and James Green
  18. "For the Centinel; To Farmers," The Royal Gazette: and the Nova-Scotia Advertiser, Vol. VIII, No. 463 (June 13, 1797), pg. 3 (left column). Accessed 31 January 2024
  19. John Wentworth, "Wentworth report on the Maroons" (April 21, 1797), pgs. 5-7, Nova Scotia Archives. Accessed 5 February 2024
  20. John Wentworth, "Wentworth report on the Maroons" (April 21, 1797), pgs. 2-5, Nova Scotia Archives. Accessed 5 February 2024
  21. https://archives.novascotia.ca/land-papers/archives/?ID=1786&Doc=memorial "Roie (Roy, Roi), Freeman and Others – 1797 – Guysborough County"
  22. "To be had of the Printer[....]," The Royal Gazette: and the Nova-Scotia Advertiser, Vol. VIII, No. 446 (February 14, 1797), pg. 3 (right column). Accessed 29 January 2024
  23. "Extract of a letter from a Gentleman at Annapolis[....]" (June 16, 1797), The Royal Gazette: and the Nova-Scotia Advertiser, Vol. VIII, No. 465 (June 27, 1797), pg. 3 (centre column). Accessed 31 January 2024
  24. "To the Printer of the Saint John Gazette," The St. John Gazette and Weekly Advertiser Volume XII, Number 595 (October 13, 1797), pg. 4 of 11 (righthand page). Accessed 29 January 2024
  25. "Dancing School" (August 18, 1797), The St. John Gazette and Weekly Advertiser, Volume XII, Number 587 (August 18, 1797), pg. 2 of 2 (lefthand page, 3rd column). Accessed 26 January 2024
  26. John MacDonell, Some Account of the Red River, ca. 1797 (Contemporary Copy transcript), Page #18 of 34 McGill Library. Accessed 6 February 2024
  27. Joseph Colen, "Nov'r 1 [1797]", "York Factory - Post Journal; 1797-1799 PDF frames 11–13, Archives of Manitoba. (See also Mackay biography) Accessed 7 February 2024
  28. Letter of Joseph Colen (April 3, 1797), "Severn - Post Journal (1796-7; 1809-10), PDF frames 29–31, Archives of Manitoba. Accessed 7 February 2024
  29. https://collections.mun.ca/digital/collection/cns_permorv/id/32426/rec/2 "Letters(...)from the Settlements on the Coast of Labrador"
  30. Donald Mackay, "25 [July 1797]," "Journal of Occurrences on a Journey from Albany Factory to York Factory(....)" PDF frames 14–15, Archives of Manitoba. Accessed 2 February 2024
  31. "Quebec, Wednesday, August 30; From Paris[....]," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1684 Cahier 1 (August 31, 1797), pg. 3. Accessed 2 February 2024
  32. "London, July 2; The keel[....]," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1686 Cahier 1 (September 14, 1797), pg. 2. Accessed 2 February 2024
  33. "Quebec, Tuesday, July 11," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1677 Cahier 1 (July 13, 1797), pgs. 1–2. (See details of proceedings in next issues of The Quebec Gazette (in English and then French) and in The Trial of David McLane for High Treason; see also report (pg. 3) from New York newspaper of conspiracy against Canada, and also opinion (pg. 427; PDF 437) that French Canadians are quieter and more submissive since McLane execution) Accessed 2 February 2024

    Proclamation forbids trespassing on crown land and township clergy reserve lots, and requires unauthorized settlers to vacate them[6]

    Two Royal Navy commanders are "much flattered" by masters of 16 merchant ships thanking them for convoy duty "during a long and tedious traverse"[7]

    Quebec City library just opened to public is "where books are let to read by the year, half year, quarter, month, or single volume"[8]

    Midwife Mrs. Hebert of Lying-in-Hospital London gives evidence of "her ability[,] Judgement and experience" on Montreal medical board examination[9]

    Upper Canada

    Anyone who has, over past 7 years, lived or been subject in any country now at war with Britain can be forced to leave U.C. on 24 hours' notice[10]

    "Principal Chiefs, Warriors and People of the Mississague Nation" sell 3,450 acres at western end of Lake Ontario to British for £75 2/6 in goods[11]

    Joseph Brant and John Deserontyon negotiate compensation of $1,000 (plus $600 expenses) from New York for Kanien’kéhà:ka lands lost there[12]

    Woman's land grants based on her wartime service carrying dispatches between British army units, including "three times thro [sic] the Rebel army"[13]

    Militia major's son and daughters, "bred up on a better line of Life," want land grant because only that can make "them Independent & Respectable"[14]

    Council president Peter Russell is against idea of granting land to wives of Assembly members because it might appear to be bribery by government[15]

    New Law Society of Upper Canada is to maintain order among lawyers and create "learned and honorable body to assist their fellow subjects"[16]

    Joseph Brant complains that inability to sell or rent out Grand River lands granted his people makes their future insecure[17]

    Nova Scotia

    Wet, cold weather has made growing "Indian corn" not practical, so farmer advises growers to plant buckwheat on sandy soil for almost as good profit[18]

    Lt. Gov. John Wentworth reports on "extremely distress'd and perishing State of the Indians," who have lost both potato crop and hunting grounds[19]

    Wentworth reports Maroons in Nova Scotia are undisciplined complainers, but can be taught to be productive and successful[20]

    After many years on land not granted them, 8 Acadians petition for "Lands + small Marshes" in Guysborough; move is allowed "until further orders"[21]

    German language religious books for sale, including hymns used by Protestant Lutheran congregations and psalms used by Reformed Protestants[22]

    Lightning from widespread and powerful thunderstorm strikes Granville barn, blowing boards 100 feet upwind and forcing many 1 foot into the ground[23]

    New Brunswick

    Letter-to-the-editor warns of sickness and death caused by quackery of practitioners without least knowledge of medicine[24] ----------------- Advertisement promotes Saint John dancing school, instruction in fencing and broadsword and lessons on fortepiano, harpsichord and spinet[25]

    Hudson's Bay Company

    Hudson's Bay Company traders reach Assiniboine River via York Factory and Swan River 1 month before North West Company traders can arrive[26]

    Fur trader Donald Mackay reports seeing 93 North West Company canoes headed for Grand Portage with more than 125,000 "made beaver"[27]

    Joseph Colen describes low stock of food at Fort Severn from "scarcity of game," which necessitates rationing and threatens "Natives" with starvation[28]

    Elsewhere

    As epidemic causes many Labrador Inuit deaths, Moravian missionaries find both their converts and "wild heathen" turning to "sorcerers" for relief[29] ----------------- After 2 weeks on Lake Winnipeg (paddling 40+ miles some days), waves swamp Donald Mackay's canoe, but he saves his wife, baby and her sister[30] ----------------- "[N]otwithstanding the appearances of peace, almost all the Powers of Europe make preparations for war with the greatest celerity"[31] ----------------- Chatham Dockyard is to build 98-gun ship wholly of English oak and with "newest improvements of naval architecture"[32]

    References