1793 in Canada explained

Events from the year 1793 in Canada.

Incumbents

George III[1]

Federal government

Governors

Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester

Thomas Carleton

John Wentworth

John Elliot

Edmund Fanning

John Graves Simcoe

Events

Births

Deaths

Historical documents

With Louis XVI's execution, British feel "such sentiments of indignation and revenge" that if war begins, it will be most popular ever[2]

War will "preserve our most holy Religion [and] our Civil Constitution[...]from a total subversion by the enemies of Christianity, order, and subordination"[3]

Army wife in England glad her husband not called to war front as she nears childbirth, and hopes for transfer to Canada after his promotion[4]

Lower Canada

Proclamation warns of those who "hold Seditious Discourses, or utter Treasonable Words, spread false News" etc. sparked by present regime in France[5]

French and English are used in House of Assembly, with bills written in one language to be translated into other, and in most, French deemed "authentic"[6]

Lone candidate for Quebec County wins seat in House without use of "coc[k]ades or liquor" in campaign (something "to be wished for" in elections)[7]

Advice to young members of House: "Above all things avoid bitterness of language, and terms of reproach; you meet not to revile, but to reason"[8]

Lt. Gov. Alured Clarke's proclamation advising Lower Canadians of letters of marque and benefit of convoy offered in war with France[9]

Considering him "as a Father," Canadians "repose the highest confidence in" Governor General Lord Dorchester, who has returned to Lower Canada[10]

Any Quebec Benevolent Society member who is too sick, blind, lame or old to work is entitled to 15s per week for 12 weeks and half that afterward[11]

Praise for Recollect Pére de Berey showing "beneficence and disinteressment" to Protestants, even allowing them to hold services in his church[12]

Chief Justice links piety and prosperity, citing France which, "after scoffing at Christianity,[...]tumbled down a kingdom[...]splendid for its wealth"[13]

"A Likely, Healthy, Stout Mulatto Young Man" for sale is "used to House-work[...]and is fit for any hard Labour"[14]

Upper Canada

Suggestions regarding provincial affairs sent by U.C. official to Home Secretary Henry Dundas include domestic issues and relations with U.S.A.[15]

"It is highly expedient to abolish Slavery in this Province" - Upper Canada outlaws moving enslaved people into province[16]

With possible U.S. naval buildup on Lake Erie and their hostility toward Indigenous nations, Lt. Gov. Simcoe should stay aware of defence needs[17]

Simcoe's long assessment of military assets and needs on lower Great Lakes includes suggestion that Toronto Harbour be developed first[18]

In message to "Western Indians," Simcoe reviews history of British respect for Indigenous land rights and independence[19]

Simcoe will maintain long-time practice of supplying food to Indigenous people "to rescue the Savage from[...]his own debauchery and[...]our Traders"[20]

Simcoe acknowledges importance of Joseph Brant who, though critical, is "attached" to British second only to Indigenous independence[21]

Bennington, Vermont resident invites Thomas Jefferson to join in seeking grant of 2 million acres in U.C., citing great population increase[22]

En route to Detroit, Simcoe party stops at Six Nations of the Grand River and is struck by its appearance and women's singing (Note: "squaws" used)[23]

Settlers encouraged to kill wolves and bears within 5 miles of settlements and bring heads for reward (£1 per wolf and 10s per bear)[24]

Four "associates" are granted township (Glanford) in Lincoln County for settlement of dozens of farmers, with petitioner receiving 1,200 acres[25]

Twelve veteran junior officers are granted 1,000 acres each (except one getting 1,500 acres) near Burlington Bay[26]

Elizabeth Simcoe says Indigenous people canoeing "with that inexpressible care and composure[...]is the prettiest sight imaginable"[27]

Elizabeth Simcoe describes "canvas house" in which she gave birth in January, calling it "remarkably warm" and "so very quiet"[28]

Map: Upper Canada divided into counties[29]

Painting of Toronto Harbour shows ships firing salute[30]

Nova Scotia

Alarmed at frigate (British, it turns out) in Halifax Harbour entrance, infantry and artillery fall in and militia assembles in 30 minutes[31]

Sermon on Ten Commandments includes ban under 6th Commandment on slander and "suggesting evil," and under 8th on any effort to "equalize all"[32]

Pictou Presbyterian minister asks synod to send ministers to preach, some in English and others in Gaelic[33]

Wilmot residents ask on behalf of community to receive land unfit for farming, as clearing it will expose them to winds and "injurious fogs"[34]

Man experienced with pineapple stoves, greenhouses, orchards and gardens, and farm implements, fences, soils etc., seeks employment[35]

New Brunswick

Edward Winslow says N.B. inhabitants are gradually extending "their cultivation," towns have good markets and farmers live comfortably[36]

"Such is the spirit of loyalty in this Infant City" - Saint John residents feel defiant when French privateer is spotted in Bay of Fundy[37]

Lieutenant Governor's directive forbids anyone to bother Indigenous people on Inmans Island, where they have made all improvements[38]

In "Indian school" at Woodstock, girls and boys age 9–17, having "been Disappointed in the English School," improve their pronunciation and reading[39]

Insolvent debtor with family asks House of Assembly for relief after one of his creditors refuses to allow his release from jail[40]

Newfoundland

Fisher from Fortune Bay, Newfoundland says its fishery has increased in size nearly to pre-war level, along with number of fishers and residents[41]

Another committee witness says poverty causes many Newfoundland fishers to want to move to Canada, and departures would greatly serve fishery[42]

Western interior

Legend of L'Enfant perdu on French River near Lake Nipissing says drowned child could be heard moaning for days after he disappeared in water[43]

Long description of layout of fur trade base and its commerce at Grand Portage on Lake Superior[44]

London trader reports to Detroit trader that fur market has collapsed and with it need for "Indian Goods" to exchange for furs[45]

"Most abounding in all the north west" - Long list of mammals (including grizzly), birds and fish (including sturgeon) in Assiniboine River valley[46]

Alexander Mackenzie on his problems with Indigenous helpers, dissatisfied colleagues, and his life "deprived of every comfort"[47]

Pacific coast

Alexander Mackenzie arrives at salt water to find local people "troublesome" and then "hostile," but "a reconciliation" follows[48]

Mackenzie describes coastal village's house "of devotion or sacrifice," with massive 12-ft. posts carved into human figures and supporting ridge poles[49]

George Vancouver says people of Queen Charlotte Sound have "a lively genius" and are "great humourists" despite women's "hideous [lip] distortion"[50]

Elsewhere

St. Pierre and Miquelon surrender to British forces without firing from 8-gun harbour battery that "might have given us some trouble"[51]

Calling Inuit outside their congregation "deeply rooted in the habitual practice of every vice," Labrador missionaries itemize their "wicked ways"[52]

Little-known facts about Marat's and Robespierre's British connections[53]

References

  1. Web site: Kings and Queens of Canada . aem . 24 February 2021 . 11 August 2017.
  2. "War is, according to general opinion[....]," https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17930402&printsec=frontpage The Royal Gazette: and the Nova-Scotia Advertiser
  3. Bishop Charles Inglis, "Steadfastness in Religion and Loyalty; A Sermon Preached before the Legislature of(...)Nova Scotia" (April 7, 1793), pg. 29 (PDF pg. 30). Accessed 16 October 2023
  4. https://archive.org/details/JohnAskinPapersVolume1/page/n487/mode/2up Letter of Archange Meredith
  5. "Quebec, February 21; Monday, the 18th instant[....]," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1481 (November 26, 1793), pg. 1. Accessed 12 October 2023
  6. "Quebec, January 31," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1422 (January 31, 1793), pg. 3. (See also commentary (pg. 2) on language in House) Accessed 6 October 2023
  7. "Quebec, February 21; Monday, the 18th instant[....]," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1442 (February 21, 1793), pg. 2. Accessed 6 October 2023
  8. "To the Printer," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1445 (March 14, 1793), pg. 3. (See also that anglophone and francophone House members "dined together and parted in the greatest good humour with each other," pg. 332 (PDF 333)) Accessed 9 October 2023
  9. "By His Excellency Alured Clarke[....]" (April 24, 1793), The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1451 (April 25, 1793), pg. 1. Accessed 9 October 2023
  10. "Quebec, September 26," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1472 (September 26, 1793), pg. 3. Accessed 10 October 2023
  11. "Art. IX," Rules and Regulations of the Quebec Benevolent Society(....) (1793), pgs. 16–21 (PDF frame 21). Accessed 29 October 2023
  12. "Quebec, September 26; To the Printer," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1472 (September 26, 1793), pg. 3. Accessed 10 October 2023
  13. "Quebec, November 7; Extract for the Chief Justice's Charge to the Grand Jury[....]" (November 5, 1793), The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1478 (November 7, 1793), pg. 3. Accessed 10 October 2023
  14. "To Be Sold[....]" (October 9, 1793), The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1475 (October 17, 1793), pg. 3. Accessed 10 October 2023
  15. "From Charles Stevenson to Henry Dundas" (received July 31, 1793), The Correspondence of Lieut. Governor John Graves Simcoe(....); Volume I (1923), pgs. 409–13 (PDF 409). Accessed 27 October 2023
  16. https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/act-prevent-further-introduction-slaves-and-limit-term-contracts-servitude-within "An Act to prevent the further introduction of Slaves and to limit the Term of contracts for Servitude within this Province"
  17. "From Alured Clarke to J.G. Simcoe" (January 21, 1793), The Correspondence of Lieut. Governor John Graves Simcoe(....); Volume I (1923), pg. 276 (PDF 276). (See also act creating Presqu'isle, including military installation (pgs. 327–8)) Accessed 23 October 2023
  18. "From J.G. Simcoe to Alured Clarke" (May 31, 1793), The Correspondence of Lieut. Governor John Graves Simcoe(....); Volume I (1923), pgs. 338–44 (PDF 339). Accessed 24 October 2023
  19. "Speech of Colonel Simcoe to the Western Indians" (June 22, 1793), The Correspondence of Lieut. Governor John Graves Simcoe(....); Volume I (1923), pgs. 363–5 (PDF 363). (See also Simcoe's instructions (next after this speech) to Indian Department officials advising Indigenous people at peace negotiations) Accessed 23 October 2023
  20. "From J.G. Simcoe to George Hammond" (January 21, 1793), The Correspondence of Lieut. Governor John Graves Simcoe(....); Volume I (1923), pgs. 277–8 (PDF 277). Accessed 23 October 2023
  21. "From J.G. Simcoe to Alured Clarke" (April 1, 1793), The Correspondence of Lieut. Governor John Graves Simcoe(....); Volume I (1923), pgs. 308–9 (PDF 309). (See also (pgs. 317–18, 331) importance that Six Nations as well as Seven Nations of Canada chiefs be at conference between Northwestern Confederacy and U.S. negotiators, and Brant saying Six Nations "are part of the confederacy but we have been Kept in the dark") Accessed 23 October 2023
  22. https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/01-25-02-0247 "To Thomas Jefferson from Joseph Fay"
  23. "Journal from Niagara to Detroit" (February–March 1793), The Correspondence of Lieut. Governor John Graves Simcoe(....); Volume I (1923), pg. 289 (PDF pg. 289). (See also description of Lenape and Ojibwe along Thames River, pgs. 290–2, and "Outline of Governor Simcoe's Route from Niagara to Detroit, 1793" (PDF pg. 147)) Accessed 23 October 2023
  24. https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/act-encourage-destroying-wolves-and-bears-different-parts-province "An Act to encourage the destroying of Wolves and Bears in different parts of this Province"
  25. "Phelps, Davenport," Land Petitions of the Niagara Settlers "Pew to Philips" (See also New Yorker's intention (pgs. 311–12) to "fill my [U.C.] Township to a single lot") Accessed 20 October 2023
  26. "Smith, Samuel (Captain)," Land Petitions of the Niagara Settlers "Smith, John to William" Accessed 20 October 2023
  27. "Sat. 14th [September 1793]," The Diary of Mrs. John Graves Simcoe (1911), pg. 192 (PDF frame 192). Accessed 29 October 2023
  28. Letter of Elizabeth Simcoe (February 1793), The Diary of Mrs. John Graves Simcoe (1911), pg. 151 (PDF frame 151). Accessed 28 October 2023
  29. https://digital.library.yorku.ca/yul-1151012/plan-province-upper-canada-divided-counties-order-his-excellency-john-graves-simcoe-esq "Plan of the Province of Upper Canada divided into Counties(....)
  30. Elizabeth Simcoe, "Looking s. towards Gibralter (Hanlon's) Point, showing firing of salute" (August 24 or 27, 1793), Toronto Public Library. Accessed 12 October 2023
  31. "Halifax, July 23," https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17930723&printsec=frontpage The Royal Gazette: and the Nova-Scotia Advertiser
  32. Two Sermons[...]Printed for the Use of Private Families in the Island of Cape-Breton (1793), pgs. 19–20 and 23–5 Accessed 29 October 2023
  33. https://digitalarchiveontario.ca/objects/344934/letter-from-the-reverend-mr-james-mgregor-minister-at-pi?ctx=34cdec7a53cc05b75e560375aa2c06aba2b573bd&idx=13 "Letter from the Reverend Mr. James McGregor(...)to the General Associate Synod, April 30th, 1793"
  34. https://archives.novascotia.ca/land-papers/archives/?ID=1636&Doc=memorial "Wilmot, Inhabitants of - 1793 - Annapolis County"
  35. "Wants a Place," https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17930326&printsec=frontpage The Royal Gazette: and the Nova-Scotia Advertiser
  36. https://ia800306.us.archive.org/3/items/winslowpapersad100raymuoft/winslowpapersad100raymuoft.pdf "Edward Winslow to Gregory Townsend"
  37. "St. John's (N.B) May 7," https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17930521&printsec=frontpage The Royal Gazette: and the Nova-Scotia Advertiser
  38. "Proclamation that the Natives on Inmans Island not be disturbed" (May 9, 1793), Indian Affairs Documents No. 4, University of New Brunswick Archives. Accessed 18 October 2023
  39. https://web.lib.unb.ca/winslow/fullrecord.cgi?id=1131&level=2 "A return of the Indian school at Woodstock"
  40. https://archives.gnb.ca/Search/RS24/DocumentViewer.aspx?culture=en-CA&record=11056 "Petition of George Bennison an insolvent debtor now confined to jail praying for relief"
  41. Second Report from the Committee appointed to enquire into the State of the Trade to Newfoundland (1793?), pg. 4 Accessed 4 October 2023
  42. Second Report from the Committee appointed to enquire into the State of the Trade to Newfoundland (1793?), pg. 13 (See also corroboration by Lt. Gov. Elford) Accessed 4 October 2023
  43. Lawrence J. Burpee (ed.), Lachine to the Qu'appelle in 1793; Narrative of a Clerk of the North West Company, pg. 11 (Image 29). Accessed 19 October 2023
  44. Lawrence J. Burpee (ed.), Lachine to the Qu'appelle in 1793; Narrative of a Clerk of the North West Company, pgs. 16–18 (Images 41–6). Accessed 19 October 2023
  45. https://archive.org/details/JohnAskinPapersVolume1/page/n493/mode/1up "Outlook for Indian Trade"
  46. Lawrence J. Burpee (ed.), Lachine to the Qu'appelle in 1793; Narrative of a Clerk of the North West Company, pg. 30 (Images 70–1). Accessed 19 October 2023
  47. Letter of Alexander Mackenzie to Roderick Mackenzie (May 8–9, 1793), Letters of Sir Alexander MacKenzie, Images 50–8 University of Saskatchewan Libraries. Accessed 19 October 2023
  48. Alexander Mackenzie, Voyages[...]through the Continent of North America[...]in the Years 1789 and 1793 (1801), pgs. 340–55 Accessed 5 October 2023
  49. Alexander Mackenzie, Voyages[...]through the Continent of North America[...]in the Years 1789 and 1793 (1801), pgs. 330–1 Accessed 5 October 2023
  50. George Vancouver, A Voyage of Discovery to the North Pacific Ocean[...]; Vol. II (1798), pgs. 279–81. Accessed 13 October 2023
  51. "Extract of a letter from St. Peters, May 20," https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17930528&printsec=frontpage The Royal Gazette: and the Nova-Scotia Advertiser
  52. https://collections.mun.ca/digital/collection/cns_permorv/id/33089/rec/1 "From Nain, dated September 1st, 1793"
  53. "London, March 16; Marat and Roberspierre[....]," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1456 (May 30, 1793), pg. 2. Accessed 9 October 2023

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