1792 in Canada explained

Events from the year 1792 in Canada.

Incumbents

George III[1]

Federal government

Governors

Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester

Thomas Carleton

John Parr

John Elliot

Edmund Fanning

John Graves Simcoe

Events

Births

Deaths

Full date unknown

Historical documents

Negotiation topics British envoy George Hammond discusses with Alexander Hamilton include frontier posts, U.S. debts to Loyalists and commercial links[4]

Brief profile for Canadians of new governments in Upper and Lower Canada to show how they will protect liberty and prevent despotism[5]

Immigrants' farming prospects not as good in U.S.A. as in Upper Canada and New Brunswick, which need farm labour and pay much more for it[6]

"It is a war with the British king, under cover" - Pittsburgh writer sees British hand in Indigenous nations' war with U.S.A. (Note: "savages" used)[7]

Report from Albany that Joseph Brant pleased with visit to Pres. George Washington and intends to promote peace between U.S.A. and "hostile tribes"[8]

Lower Canada

Grand jurors told to guard "the common tranquillity" against threats of impatient reform to Constitution's balance of King, Lords and Commons[9]

"What a fountain of hope is opened to the industrious Poor!" by creation of scores of townships away from St. Lawrence River to north and south[10]

Controversy that pits "British Merchants" against "Canadians" in 1792 election is addressed by writer who opposes "illiberality and falsehood"[11]

"Having experienced great inconvenience in Canada from the deficiency of Specie," businesses intend to set up deposit bank in Montreal[12]

Because it is found only in U.S.A., wampum ("Beeds, Moons or shells") may be imported for "Indian Trade," but must be entered at customs house[13]

"Au secours (help)" - Intending to walk with his wife on ice-filled St. Lawrence River, J.G. Simcoe slips into water and nearly passes under ice[14]

Setting up lower courts in each county will enlighten Canadians, draw them together in new villages, and cause them to support good government[15]

"Nothing could exceed the Horror excited in the[...]large audience" - Man indicted for raping daughter (convicted) and attempting to rape two others[16]

Constitutional Club formed in Quebec City to "acquire and diffuse a knowledge" of Constitution and of "Commercial and Agricultural industry"[17]

Editorial: education is essential to "the peace of a free people," and "an enlightened series of patriots" hands it down through "ages unimpaired"[18]

Berthier teacher wishes to end "profound ignorance that reigns in the country parts" of L.C. by providing free tuition, but needs financial support[19]

May example of Plato and other ancients "light up in these western wilds that sacred enthusiasm so necessary to extend the empire of science"[20]

Advice on how to develop better memory comprises understanding, sensibility, study habits (order, moderation, repetition) etc.[21]

Proposal for updating Charlevoix's history of Canada to end of French regime and adding second volume covering then to 1791 Constitution[22]

Uneducated habitants don't benefit from agricultural society's instruction, so members in each county must teach by example[23]

Advice to farmers not to "hack" but to bore maple trees for sap, replace trees cut down, and make sugar by boiling sap with egg whites[24]

Stopping in Cap-Santé en route to Upper Canada, Simcoes impose on cottagers just going to bed, who clear 2 rooms and feed them bread and eggs[25]

Concert of Haydn's Grand Symphony in D, Avison 5th Concerto, two Pleyel works, Devienne clarinet and bassoon concertante and Gyrowetz finale[26]

At Franks' Tavern, Quebec City: "feats of tumbling," slack rope "attitudes," and dogs that "go through an astonishing variety of exercises"[27]

Upper Canada

"Laws of Canada" regarding property and civil rights are replaced by "laws of England" with their rules of evidence (testimony, legal proof)[28] Lt. Gov. Simcoe tells Council and Assembly that British constitution and spirit will guard and spark industry, wealth, commerce and power of U.C.[29]

Simcoe satisfied with Assembly, "considering that it is composed of Persons of not very restricted notions and newly acquainted with power"[30]

Candidate in Essex County for Assembly urges election organizing include "entertainment" of rum, beef and plum cake[31]

Calling him "by far the principal french Settler" in Detroit area, Simcoe appoints James Baby to Council seat reserved for "Canadians"[32]

Assembly member Richard Cartwright comments on provincial matters, including location of capital, export and settlement[33]

Simcoe suggests policy toward Indigenous people should include encouraging them to actively trade in furs (Note: "savages" used)[34]

In long letter to Simcoe, Montreal merchants go over reasons British frontier posts should not be given up plus other points for negotiation[35]

Simcoe encourages movement of people from U.S.A. to Upper Canada and comments on which of them should be considered British subjects[36]

In welcoming letter to Simcoe, 54 residents say "we are just emerging from the Indigence and Obscurity which constantly surround new Settlements"[37]

Clearcutting described: cutting down and burning "small wood," letting wind knock down girdled large trees and leaving stumps for years to rot[38]

Letter from Quebec says regiment is coming to Upper Canada, which New York newspaper says will have 1,600 men and should draw U.S. attention[39]

Resident of Kingston, U.C. says that by request Lt. Gov. Simcoe has removed ban on trade to U.S.A.[40]

Report by Richard Cartwright on state of marriage and of various Christian denominations in Upper Canada[41]

Simcoe wants "immediate and due provision for the education of the superior classes," or they will attend U.S. schools and lose British values[42]

Wabakanyne and 4 other Mississauga leaders sell tract lying between lakes Ontario and Erie and stretching to Thames River for £1180 7/4[43]

Lengthy description of Joseph Brant's family's and neighbours' hospitality, ceremony, dancing and drinking[44]

Mississaugas icefish on Cootes Paradise using spears, lures, and blankets to cover ice holes, and catch pickerel, muskellunge and pike[45]

Toronto Harbour is very safe for ships of little draft, it being "Perfectly Shut up" from winds by hooked peninsula and entrance bar[46]

Nova Scotia

New lieutenant governor John Wentworth tells Assembly agriculture, commerce, fisheries and government revenue "must reciprocally aid each other"[47]

Farmer notes progress in farming, once done "without system [or] principles," but now practised "seriously [and] to the most advantage"[48]

"Nov. Scotus Verus" happily notes province's great population increase, with about 3,400 births and immigrants v. 1,800 emigrants and deaths[49]

"Last Sunday sailed the Sierra Leone fleet, consisting of 15 sail, with a fair wind"[50]

Appeal to Henry Dundas to help N.S. offset its losses from departure of Blacks, land grants to absent Loyalists, and province's poverty[51]

Gideon White learns fire near Shelburne has destroyed his hay and oat crops and almost all his fences, and threatened buildings[52]

Annapolis Valley flood in September raises river level 16 feet, carrying off bridges, mill dams, sheep, grain and hay of already poor farmers[53]

Residents of Annapolis County township, almost all 1784 Loyalists, seek funding and land for Anglican church and school[54]

Rector, wardens and vestry of Trinity Church in Digby need funds for church spire and pews and grant of farm land for church revenue[55]

Discouraged that his preaching is ineffective, Boston King prays for conversion of one person, and gets it[56]

"Musical Concert Once a Fortnight; None but Ladies and Gentlemen can be admitted; Any Gentlemen Performer may be at Liberty to Play in Concert"[57]

New Brunswick

Edward Winslow explains N.B. appointments and elections (courts, government, sheriffs) practice to Lt. Gov. John Graves Simcoe of Upper Canada[58]

To save parish from supporting any child born out of wedlock, child's mother can have its father jailed until he gives support security or recognizance[59]

Owner of dog that kills sheep must either kill dog or pay owner for their loss; owner of dog that repeatedly kills must do both, and pay fine[60]

Road from Saint John to Westmorland County shows latter is "one of the most valuable parts" of N.B. and "might furnish[...]meat at the lowest prices"[61]

Three Maliseet "savages" petition on behalf of entire nation for land on Saint John River in Madawaska district[62]

"Encouragement to British Seamen[...]to man about 30 sail of vessels mostly square-rigged, which are now building in this Province"[63]

Call for capture of indented servant Dick Hopewell (about 40) and enslaved mulatto woman Statia (about 30, pregnant and with two small children)[64]

Sheffield minister will teach 6 students grammar, writing, Latin, Greek, Hebrew, arithmetic, sciences and "experimental Philosophy," and shorthand[65]

Touring New Brunswick, Bishop of Nova Scotia consecrates churches at Maugerville, Gagetown, Kingston and Saint John and confirms 500+[66]

Acadians new to Madawaska ("with the Indians") petition Bishop of Quebec for permission to build church to replace "poor bark hut"[67]

Western interior

Disagreement between Charles Isham and his men doesn't surprise Philip Turnor "after seeing the Anarchy which Pervade the Interior parts"[68]

Difficult convincing Hudson's Bay Company to send trade goods to Indigenous people of Lake Athabasca, Great Slave Lake and Peace River[69]

Two men drown in waterfalls near Osnaburg House despite near-successful attempt of one to save himself[70]

London society for arts, manufactures and commerce offers gold medal to discoverer of land passage from Upper Canada to Pacific coast[71]

"The atmosphere became so warm that it dissolved all the snow" - Alexander Mackenzie describes December 29 chinook on Peace River[72]

Pacific coast

Vancouver calls Strait of Georgia landscape "dismal," and "forlorn" and "gloomy" at place that grows only onions, samphire and "indifferent berries"[73]

Vancouver's men inspect village on seaside rock so skillfully defended that it is hard to believe it was built by "untutored tribes" met so far[74]

Seeing clothes and mats, and baskets so tightly woven that they carry water, causes Vancouver to call women "not less industrious than ingenious"[75]

Elsewhere

As Shawnee and Lenape plan confrontation with U.S. forces, they ask Detroit commander to advise them and provide for their families[76]

U.S. war secretary is told Joseph Brant has lost "much" influence with Indigenous people, who are divided over "what course to take" after U.S. defeat[77]

"From Canada, some few of the Six Nations, the Chippeways, Ottaways, Hurons, Potoways, &c." will defy U.S., while Joseph Brant mediates[78]

Death penalty in P.E.I. to be given for treason, murder, maiming, stabbing, killing "bastard" child, "buggery," rape, burglary, robbery et al.[79]

Black 14-year-old Diana Bestian dies in childbirth of twins after being raped by Cape Breton Council member George More at Government House[80]

British trapper and trader praises Labrador Inuit as sincere, gentle and just while calling Innu treacherous and quarrelsome, lying and stealing[81]

Newfoundland Chief Justice says merchants' agents have "set themselves against every Attempt to introduce Order and Justice into that Island"[82]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Kings and Queens of Canada . aem . 24 February 2021 . 11 August 2017.
  2. [Archives of Ontario]
  3. Web site: Biography – COOKE, THOMAS – Volume IX (1861-1870) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography . 2022-09-16 . www.biographi.ca.
  4. https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-10-02-0074 George Hammond conversation with Alexander Hamilton
  5. A. Dumas, "To the Husbandmen of Upper and Lower Canada" (May 22, 1792), Supplement to the Quebec Gazette (May 24, 1792), pg. 1. Accessed 14 September 2023
  6. Patrick
  7. H.H. Brackenridge, "Thoughts on the present Indian War," (Philadelphia) National Gazette, Vol. I, Number 28 (February 2, 1792), pg. 1 Accessed 4 September 2023
  8. "Philadelphia, July 18; The Albany Gazette[....]," (New York) Gazette of the United States (July 18, 1792), pg. 55 (third column). Accessed 4 September 2023
  9. "Quebec, September 13; Extract for the Chief Justice's Charge to the Grand Jury [in] Montreal and Three Rivers," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1418 (September 13, 1792), pgs. 2–3. Accessed 15 September 2023
  10. "Quebec, April 19," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1397 (April 19, 1792), pg. 2. (See also list of new townships) Accessed 13 September 2023
  11. "Probus," "To the Electors of Lower Canada(....)" (May 21, 1792). Accessed 6 September 2023
  12. "The undersigned having experienced great inconvenience[....]" (London, March 31, 1792), The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1415 (August 23, 1792), pg. 4. Accessed 14 September 2023
  13. https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/act-permit-importation-wampum-neighbouring-states-inland-communication-lake-champlain "An Act to permit the importation of Wampum, from the Neighbouring States by the Inland communication of Lake Champlain, and the River Richelieu or Sorel"
  14. Elizabeth Simcoe, "Wed. 15th [February]," The Diary of Mrs. John Graves Simcoe (1911), pg. 77 (PDF frame 75). Accessed 27 September 2023
  15. "To the Honorable the Representatives of Lower Canada," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1429 (November 22, 1792), pgs. 2–3. Accessed 15 September 2023
  16. "Quebec, May 14; On Tuesday the first of May[....]," Supplement to the Quebec Gazette (May 17, 1792), pg. 3. Accessed 14 September 2023
  17. "Quebec, January 26; Constitutional Club," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1386 (January 26, 1792), pg. 2. (See also plain-language, clause-by-clause summary of and commentary on L.C. constitution) Accessed 12 September 2023
  18. "Quebec, November 8; Education," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1427 (November 8, 1792), pg. 2. Accessed 15 September 2023
  19. "To the Citizens of Quebec and Montreal" (January 1, 1792), The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1385 (January 19, 1792), pg. 3. (See also that Constitutional Club will not support teacher's plan but individual club members will (pg. 2), and teacher's account (pg. 4) of being harassed and evicted by local curé, and statement (pg. 2) supporting curé) Accessed 12 September 2023
  20. "Quebec, April 26; In the meeting of the Constitutional Club[....]," Supplement to the Quebec Gazette (April 26, 1792), pg. 1. Accessed 14 September 2023
  21. "A Friend of Youth," "On the nature and improvement of the Faculty of Memory" (December 14, 1792), The Quebec Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 5 (December 1792), pgs. 281-4. (See also student's request for tips on memory) Accessed 5 September 2023
  22. "Charlevoix's History of Canada brought up[....]," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1389 (February 16, 1792), pg. 4. Accessed 12 September 2023
  23. "Quebec, April 12; Extract of a letter from a member of the Quebec Agric. Society[....]," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1396 (April 12, 1792), pg. 3. Accessed 13 September 2023
  24. "Hint to the owners of Maple Trees," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1392 (March 1, 1792), pg. 3. Accessed 13 September 2023
  25. Elizabeth Simcoe, "Fri. 8th June," The Diary of Mrs. John Graves Simcoe (1911), pg. 90 (PDF frame 88). Accessed 27 September 2023 (See also diary entry on return visit in 1794, when E.S. finds "miserable cottage" has been fitted up for travellers (pg. 257))
  26. "Quebec, November 15; Subscription Concert Free-Mason's Hall," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1428 (November 15, 1792), pg. 3. Accessed 15 September 2023
  27. "This Evening Mr. Del Vechio's Company[....]" (November 1, 1792), The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1426 (November 1, 1792), pg. 4. Accessed 15 September 2023
  28. https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/act-repeal-certain-parts-act-passed-fourteenth-year-his-majestys-reign-entitled-act "An Act to(...)introduce the English Law(...)in all Matters of(...)Property and Civil Rights"
  29. "Speech of His Excellency Lieutenant Governor Simcoe on opening the first Legislature of Upper Canada," The Quebec Magazine (October 1792), pgs. 199, 201 (PDF images 64, 66; also in French translation). Accessed 8 September 2023
  30. "From J.G. Simcoe to Henry Dundas" (November 4, 1792), The Correspondence of Lieut. Governor John Graves Simcoe(....); Volume I (1923), pgs. 249–51 (PDF 250)) Accessed 25 September 2023
  31. https://archive.org/details/JohnAskinPapersVolume1/page/n445/mode/1up "Entertainment for Detroit Electors"
  32. "From J.G. Simcoe to Henry Dundas" (November 23, 1792), The Correspondence of Lieut. Governor John Graves Simcoe(....); Volume I (1923), pg. 263 (PDF 263)) Accessed 26 September 2023
  33. "From Richard Cartwright to Isaac Todd" (October 21, 1792), The Correspondence of Lieut. Governor John Graves Simcoe(....); Volume I (1923), pgs. 238–40 (PDF 241)) Accessed 25 September 2023
  34. "From J.G. Simcoe to Henry Dundas; I consider the Fur Trade[....]" (April 28, 1792), The Correspondence of Lieut. Governor John Graves Simcoe(....); Volume I (1923), pg. 141 (PDF 141)) (See also Simcoe's intention (pg. 153; PDF 153) to give justice "to the uncivilized Indian [by making efforts] to incorporate and civilise") Accessed 22 September 2023
  35. "From the Merchants of Montreal to J.G. Simcoe" (April 23, 1792), The Correspondence of Lieut. Governor John Graves Simcoe(....); Volume I (1923), pgs. 133–7 (PDF 133)) (See also (in following letter, pg. 138) that Simcoe sees mere truce currently between Britain and U.S.A.) Accessed 22 September 2023
  36. "From J.G. Simcoe to Henry Dundas; I have received Information[....]" (February 16, 1792), The Correspondence of Lieut. Governor John Graves Simcoe(....); Volume I (1923), pg. 113 (PDF frame 113). (See also comment on rivalry with U.S.A. for immigrants, pg. 124 (PDF 125)) (See also Dundas's advice to Simcoe (PDF 178) not to push immigration to U.C., and Simcoe's reply (PDF 264)) Accessed 21 September 2023
  37. "Address to Lieut. Governor Simcoe" (February 24, 1792), Records of Niagara; 1790-1792 PDF frame 96. Accessed 18 September 2023
  38. Elizabeth Simcoe, "Sat. 14th July," The Diary of Mrs. John Graves Simcoe (1911), pg. 119 (PDF frame 117). Accessed 27 September 2023
  39. "New-York, August 18," The Royal Gazette: and the Nova-Scotia Advertiser Vol. IV, No. 186 (September 25, 1792), Page 2 of 2 (right page, left column). (See also Simcoe letter (PDF frame 166) in which he calls for another regiment, and report from Bennington, Vt. (4th column, bottom) that 3 warships are under construction at Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu) Accessed 4 September 2023
  40. "Philadelphia, Dec. 12; A New York papers says[....]," (New York) Gazette of the United States (December 12, 1792), pg. 223 (first column). Accessed 4 September 2023
  41. "From Richard Cartwright to J.G. Simcoe" (October 12, 1792), The Correspondence of Lieut. Governor John Graves Simcoe(....); Volume I (1923), pgs. 234–6 (PDF 234)) Accessed 25 September 2023
  42. "From J.G. Simcoe to Henry Dundas; In the Memoir[....]" (April 28, 1792), The Correspondence of Lieut. Governor John Graves Simcoe(....); Volume I (1923), pgs. 143–4 (PDF 143)) Accessed 22 September 2023
  43. https://www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca/eng/1370372152585/1581293792285#ucls5 Between the Lakes Purchase and Collins Purchase, No. 3
  44. Patrick
  45. Patrick
  46. Joseph Bouchette, "Plan of Toronto Harbour With The Rocks, Shoals & Soundings Thereof" (November 15, 1792), York University Digital Library. Accessed 18 September 2023
  47. "Halifax, June 12," The Royal Gazette: and the Nova-Scotia Advertiser Vol. IV, No. 169 (June 12, 1792), Page 2 of 2 (left page, left column). Accessed 2 September 2023
  48. "To James Clarke[....]; My expectations that your Society[....]" (November 24, 1791), The Royal Gazette: and the Nova-Scotia Advertiser Vol. IV, No. 156 (March 13, 1792), Page 1 of 2 (left page, left column). Accessed 1 September 2023
  49. "Halifax, January 3," The Royal Gazette: and the Nova-Scotia Advertiser Vol. III, No. 140 (January 3, 1792), Page 3 of 8 (left column). Accessed 1 September 2023
  50. "Halifax, January 17," The Royal Gazette: and the Nova-Scotia Advertiser Vol. III, No. [illegible] (January 17, 1792), Page 2 of 2 (right page, centre column). (See also Clarkson's diary of final preparations for and events of voyage, and report of fleet (Page 2 of 2, right page, left column) having arrived safely with relatively few deaths en route) Accessed 1 September 2023
  51. https://blackloyalist.com/cdc/documents/letters/letter_skinner_to_dundas.htm Letter of Stephen Skinner
  52. https://archives.novascotia.ca/white/archives/?ID=552 Letter to Gideon White
  53. https://archives.acadiau.ca/node/869 Letter of Rev. John Wiswall
  54. https://archives.novascotia.ca/land-papers/archives/?ID=1527&Doc=memorial "Clements, Inhabitants of Township – 1792 – Annapolis County"
  55. https://archives.novascotia.ca/land-papers/archives/?ID=1533&Doc=memorial "Digby, Church Wardens and Vestry of Trinity Church – 1792 – Digby County"
  56. https://blackloyalist.com/cdc/documents/diaries/king-memoirs.htm Memoirs of Boston King; "On the 24th of Jan. 1792(....)
  57. "Musical Concert[...]At the British-Tavern," The Royal Gazette: and the Nova-Scotia Advertiser Vol. III, No. 140 (January 3, 1792), Page 6 of 8 (left column). Accessed 1 September 2023
  58. https://web.lib.unb.ca/winslow/fullimagerecord.cgi?id=1080&level=2 "Letter from Edward Winslow to John Graves Simcoe"
  59. https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/act-provide-maintenance-bastard-children "An Act to provide for the Maintenance of Bastard Children"
  60. https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/act-prevent-destruction-sheep-dogs "An Act to prevent the Destruction of Sheep by Dogs"
  61. "St. John, September 28," The Saint John Gazette, and Weekly Advertiser Vol. VII, Numb. 333 (September 28, 1792), Page 3 of 11. Accessed 1 September 2023
  62. https://preserve.lib.unb.ca/wayback/20141205152200/http://contestedterrain.lib.unb.ca/petitions/view/xavier_simon_1792_01 "Petition of Simon Xavier, 3 October 1792, York County"
  63. "Encouragement to British Seamen," The Saint John Gazette, and Weekly Advertiser Vol. VII, Numb. 320 (June 29, 1792), Page 4 of 5. Accessed 1 September 2023
  64. "Three Guineas Reward" (June 14, 1792), The Saint John Gazette, and Weekly Advertiser Vol. VII, Numb. 320 (June 29, 1792), Page 1 of 5. (See also "Ranaway" notice (same page) for "Prince," who is "artful, has a gloomy and malevolent look--is a daring liar" and is well dressed) Accessed 1 September 2023
  65. "Private Tuition[....]" (January 7, 1792), The Saint John Gazette, and Weekly Advertiser Vol. VI, Numb. 297 (January 20, 1792), Page 13 of 18 (Note: this issue attached to Sept. 1791 issue). Accessed 1 August 2023
  66. "St. John, (New-Brunswick) Aug. 24," The Royal Gazette: and the Nova-Scotia Advertiser Vol. IV, No. 185 (September 18, 1792), Page 1 of 2 (left page, left column). Accessed 4 September 2023
  67. https://archive.org/details/acadiansofmadawa00colluoft/page/34/mode/2up "To His Lordship,"
  68. Philip Turnor, "[March] 21st," Journal of a Journey from Cumberland House(...)towards the Athapiscow Country and back to York Factory pgs. 109-10 (PDF pgs. 62-3). Accessed 18 September 2023
  69. Philip Turnor, "April 30th," Journal of a Journey from Cumberland House(...)towards the Athapiscow Country and back to York Factory pgs. 112, 114-19 (PDF pgs. 65-8). Accessed 18 September 2023
  70. Donald Mackay, "[July] 4," Journal from Albany Fort to Lake Dubois pgs. 66-7 (PDF pgs. 12-13). Accessed 28 September 2023
  71. "A Card" (January 25, 1792), Supplement to the Quebec Gazette (July 19, 1792), pg. 2. Accessed 14 September 2023
  72. http://peel.library.ualberta.ca/bibliography/55/295.html "1792; December; The Canadians remarked(...)
  73. George Vancouver, A Voyage of Discovery to the North Pacific Ocean[...]; Vol. I (1798), pg. 321 (image Page 377). (See also description and naming of Desolation Sound) Accessed 19 September 2023
  74. George Vancouver, A Voyage of Discovery to the North Pacific Ocean[...]; Vol. I (1798), pgs. 324–5 (image Page 380). Accessed 20 September 2023
  75. George Vancouver, A Voyage of Discovery to the North Pacific Ocean[...]; Vol. I (1798), pg. 347 (image Page 407). Accessed 20 September 2023
  76. https://quod.lib.umich.edu/g/greatbritainindiandept/greatbritainindiandept.0001.047 Shawanese and Delawares Manuscript Letter Copy to "Father"(....)
  77. https://wardepartmentpapers.org/s/home/item/42408 "Letter from the Reverend Samuel Kirkland to Secretary of War Henry Knox on(...)Captain Brant;(...)British operation vicinity Lake Erie"
  78. "Quebec, October 11," The Quebec Gazette, Num. 1422 (October 11, 1792), pg. 3. Accessed 15 September 2023
  79. https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_01818/208 "An Act relating to Treason and Felonies"
  80. https://archives.novascotia.ca/Africanns/archives/?ID=49 "Burial record of Diana Bustian (sic), slave of Adam (sic) Cuyler, Sydney"
  81. George Cartwright, "The Esquimaux from Ice and snow now free[....]," "Labrador: A Poetical Epistle" (1792), pgs. 7–8 Accessed 6 September 2023
  82. Mr. Reeves's Evidence before a Committee of the House of Commons on the Trade of Newfoundland (1793), pg. 18 (PDF image 27). Accessed 7 September 2023

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