| Election Name: | 1792–93 United States Senate elections |
| Country: | United States |
| Flag Year: | 1777 |
| Type: | legislative |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1790–91 United States Senate elections |
| Next Election: | 1794–95 United States Senate elections |
| Seats For Election: | 10 of the 30 seats in the United States Senate (as well as special elections) |
| Majority Seats: | 16 |
| Election Date: | Dates vary by state |
| 1Blank: | Seats up |
| 2Blank: | Races won |
| Party1: | Pro-Administration Party (US) |
| Last Election1: | 16 seats |
| Seats Before1: | 17 |
| Seats After1: | 18 |
| Seat Change1: | 1 |
| 1Data1: | 4 |
| 2Data1: | 5 |
| Party2: | Anti-Administration Party (US) |
| Last Election2: | 9 |
| Seats Before2: | 10 |
| Seats After2: | 11 |
| Seat Change2: | 1 |
| 1Data2: | 6 |
| 2Data2: | 5 |
| Majority Faction | |
| Before Party: | Pro-Administration Party |
| After Party: | Pro-Administration Party |
The 1792–93 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, coinciding with President George Washington's unanimous re-election. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1792 and 1793, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the ten senators in Class 2.
Formal organized political parties had yet to form in the United States, but two political factions were present: The coalition of Senators who supported George Washington's administration were known as the Pro-Administration Party, and the Senators against him as the Anti-Administration Party.
Senate party division, 3rd Congress (1793–1795)
Note: There were no political parties in this Congress. Members are informally grouped into factions of similar interest, based on an analysis of their voting record.[2]
Virginia's elections are considered a single race here.
After the June 1792 admission of Kentucky.
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Two Pro-Administration senators (Benjamin Hawkins of North Carolina and John Langdon of New Hampshire) changed to Anti-Administration.
The vacant seat in Pennsylvania was filled February 28, 1793 by an Anti-Administration senator.
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Except if/when noted, the number following candidates is the whole number vote(s), not a percentage.
In these elections, the winner was seated before March 4, 1793; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | First elected | ||||||
| Kentucky (Class 2) | New seat | Kentucky was admitted to the Union June 1, 1792. Winner elected June 18, 1792. Anti-Administration gain. | nowrap | [3] | ||||
| Kentucky (Class 3) | New seat | Kentucky was admitted to the Union June 1, 1792. Winner elected June 18, 1792. Anti-Administration gain. | nowrap | |||||
| Virginia (Class 2) | Richard Henry Lee | Anti-Administration | 1788 | Incumbent resigned October 8, 1792. Winner elected October 18, 1792. Anti-Administration hold. | nowrap | |||
| Maryland (Class 1) | Charles Carroll | Pro-Administration | 1788 | Incumbent resigned November 30, 1792. Winner elected January 10, 1793. Pro-Administration hold. | nowrap | |||
| Pennsylvania (Class 1) | Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect in 1791–1792, leaving the seat vacant. Winner elected February 28, 1793. Anti-Administration gain. | nowrap | |||||
In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1793; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | First elected | ||||||
| Delaware | Richard Bassett | Pro-Administration | 1788 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Winner elected in 1793. Pro-Administration hold. | nowrap | |||
| Georgia | William Few | Anti-Administration | 1789 | Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1793. Anti-Administration hold. | nowrap | |||
| Kentucky | John Brown | Anti-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected December 11, 1792. | nowrap | |||
| Massachusetts | Caleb Strong | Pro-Administration | 1788 | Incumbent re-elected in 1793. | nowrap | |||
| New Hampshire | Paine Wingate | Anti-Administration | 1788 | Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1792. Pro-Administration gain. | nowrap | |||
| New Jersey | Philemon Dickinson | Pro-Administration | 1790 | Incumbent retired. Winner's election date unknown. Pro-Administration hold. | nowrap | |||
| North Carolina | Samuel Johnston | Pro-Administration | 1789 | Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1792.[4] Anti-Administration gain. | nowrap | |||
| Rhode Island | Joseph Stanton Jr. | Anti-Administration | 1790 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Winner elected in 1793. Pro-Administration gain. | nowrap | |||
| South Carolina | Pierce Butler | Anti-Administration | 1789 | Incumbent re-elected December 5, 1792. | nowrap | |||
| Virginia | John Taylor | Anti-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected in 1793. | nowrap | |||
In this special election, the winner was seated after March 4, 1793, the beginning of the next Congress.
See also: List of United States senators from Connecticut.
See also: List of United States senators from Delaware.
See also: List of United States senators from Georgia.
| Election Name: | 1792/1793 United States Senate election in Georgia |
| After Election: | James Jackson |
| Next Year: | 1796 (special) |
| Previous Election: | 1788–89 United States Senate elections |
| Previous Year: | 1789 |
| Colour2: | D0F0C0 |
| Colour1: | D0F0C0 |
| Party2: | Anti-Federalist |
| Party1: | Anti-Federalist |
| Posttitle: | Elected U.S. senator |
| U.S. senator | |
| After Party: | Anti-Administration |
| Before Party: | Anti-Administration |
| Before Election: | William Few |
| Type: | legislative |
| Percentage2: | 12.2% |
| Percentage1: | 85.4% |
| Popular Vote2: | 5 |
| Popular Vote1: | 35 |
| Vote Type: | Legislative |
| Image1: | JamesJackson.jpg |
| Candidate2: | William Few |
| Candidate1: | James Jackson |
| Country: | Georgia (U.S. state) |
| Election Date: | 1792/1793 |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Next Election: | 1796–97 United States Senate elections |
One-term Anti-Federalist William Few was defeated by fellow Anti-Federalist, James Jackson. Jackson won 24 votes in the Georgia House of Representatives and 11 in the State Senate for a combined total of 35. Few won 3 in the House and 2 in the Senate for a combined total of 5. Jackson took office as a member of the 3rd United States Congress on March 4, 1793. He would later resign in 1795 to run for his state's legislature.
| Anti-Federalist | James Jackson | 24 | 11 | 35 | 85.4% | |
| Anti-Federalist | William Few (incumbent) | 3 | 2 | 5 | 12.2% | |
| Anti-Federalist | George Mathews | 1 | - | 1 | 2.4% |
See also: List of United States senators from Kentucky.
| Election Name: | 1792 United States Senate election in Kentucky |
| Before Party: | Anti-Administration |
| U.S. senator | |
| Next Year: | 1798 |
| Next Election: | 1798–99 United States Senate elections |
| Previous Election: | 1792–93 United States Senate elections |
| Previous Year: | 1792 (special) |
| Vote Type: | Legislative |
| After Party: | Anti-Administration |
| After Election: | John Brown |
| Before Election: | John Brown |
| Type: | legislative |
| Percentage1: | 100% |
| Popular Vote1: | Unanimous (exact total unknown) |
| Colour1: | D0F0C0 |
| Party1: | Anti-Federalist |
| Candidate1: | John Brown |
| Image1: | Senator John Brown Kentucky.jpg |
| Country: | Kentucky |
| Election Date: | December 11, 1792 |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Posttitle: | Elected U.S. Senator |
Incumbent John Brown, who had previously been elected in a special election was easily reelected with no opposition and 100% of votes from the legislators.
See also: List of United States senators from Maryland.
| Election Name: | 1793 United States Senate special election in Maryland |
| Popular Vote1: | 53 |
| Colour1: | F6D6C9 |
| Percentage1: | 60.92% |
| Party1: | Federalist Party |
| Candidate1: | Richard Potts |
| Image1: | Richard Potts, mem. Con. Congress (NYPL b12349185-420087) (cropped).jpg |
| Popular Vote2: | 34 |
| Colour2: | F6D6C9 |
| Percentage2: | 39.08% |
| Party2: | Federalist Party |
| Candidate2: | Josh Hoskins Stone |
| Next Year: | 1796 |
| Next Election: | 1796 United States Senate special election in Maryland |
| Previous Year: | 1790 |
| Previous Election: | 1790 United States Senate election in Maryland |
| Votes For Election: | 80 members of the Maryland General Assembly |
| Vote Type: | Legislative |
| Election Date: | December 6, 1792 |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Type: | presidential |
Richard Potts won election to fill the seat vacated by Charles Carroll over Josh Hoskins Stone by a margin of 21.84%, or 19 votes, for the Class 1 seat.[6]
See also: List of United States senators from Massachusetts.
See also: List of United States senators from New Hampshire.
| Election Name: | 1792 United States Senate election in New Hampshire |
| Party3: | Independent (politician) |
| Posttitle: | Elected U.S. Senator |
| After Party: | Federalist Party |
| After Election: | Samuel Livermore |
| U.S. senator | |
| Before Party: | Anti-Administration |
| Before Election: | Paine Wingate |
| Percentage3: | 9% |
| Percentage2: | 31.5% |
| Percentage1: | 58.4% |
| Popular Vote3: | 8 |
| Popular Vote2: | 28 |
| Vote Type: | Legislative |
| Popular Vote1: | 52 |
| Party2: | Anti-Federalist |
| Type: | legislative |
| Party1: | Federalist |
| Candidate3: | Nathaniel Peabody |
| Candidate2: | Paine Wingate |
| Candidate1: | Samuel Livermore |
| Image3: | Nathaniel Peabody.jpg |
| Image1: | Samuel Livermore.jpg |
| Next Election: | 1798–99 United States Senate elections |
| Next Year: | 1798 |
| Previous Election: | 1788–89 United States Senate elections |
| Previous Year: | 1788 |
| Country: | New Hampshire |
| Election Date: | 1792 |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Colour2: | D0F0C0 |
Incumbent U.S. Senator Paine Wingate was not reelected. The New Hampshire General Court instead elected Federalist Samuel Livermore, a U.S. Representative, to the seat. Livermore, like his fellow senator, John Langdon, would go on to serve as President Pro-Tempore during this term.
See also: List of United States senators from New Jersey.
See also: List of United States senators from North Carolina. Pro-Administration Samuel Johnston lost re-election to Anti-Administration Alexander Martin for the class 2 seat. The other senator, Benjamin Hawkins, switched his support from Pro- to Anti-Administration.
See main article: 1793 United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania.
See also: List of United States senators from Pennsylvania. There was a special election on February 28, 1793, for the Class 1 seat from Pennsylvania. Incumbent William Maclay's term had ended on March 3, 1791, but the legislature failed to elect a successor due to a disagreement on the procedure to be followed in the election.
The seat remained vacant until Albert Gallatin was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the seat during this election.[7]
Upon agreement between the two houses of the Pennsylvania General Assembly, the House of Representatives and the Senate, regarding the procedure to elect a new Senator, an election was finally held on February 28, 1793. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:
On February 28, 1794, the Senate determined that Gallatin did not satisfy the citizenship requirement for service and he was removed from office. He later went on to serve in the U.S. House of Representatives. Gallatin was replaced in the Senate by a special election in 1794.[8]
See also: List of United States senators from Rhode Island.
See also: List of United States senators from South Carolina.
See also: List of United States senators from Virginia and 1793 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia.
Anti-Administration senator Richard Henry Lee resigned October 8, 1792, just before the March 3, 1793 end of term. Anti-administration John Taylor of Caroline was elected October 18, 1792 to finish Lee's term and then re-elected in 1793 to the next term.