| Election Name: | 1791 United States Senate election in New York |
| Election Date: | January 19, 1791 |
| Vote Type: | presidential |
| Country: | New York (state) |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Year: | 1789 |
| Previous Election: | 1789 United States Senate elections in New York |
| Next Year: | 1797 |
| Next Election: | 1797 United States Senate election in New York |
| Votes For Election: | Majority approval in both houses needed to win |
| 1Blank: | Senate Vote |
| 2Blank: | % Approval |
| 3Blank: | House Vote |
| 4Blank: | % Approval |
| Image1: | Burr (cropped 3x4).jpg |
| Candidate1: | Aaron Burr |
| Party1: | Independent (politician) |
| 1Data1: | 14–4 |
| 2Data1: | 77.78% |
| 3Data1: | 32–27 |
| 4Data1: | 54.24% |
| Before Election: | Philip Schuyler |
| Before Party: | Federalist Party |
| After Election: | Aaron Burr |
| After Party: | Independent Jeffersonian |
| U.S. senator | |
| Posttitle: | Elected U.S. senator |
The 1791 United States Senate election in New York was held on January 19, 1791, by the New York State Legislature to elect a U.S. Senator (Class 1) to represent the State of New York in the United States Senate. The election was conducted by a system of approval voting.
Incumbent Senator Philip Schuyler was not re-elected. Aaron Burr, Attorney General of New York, won majority support in both the State Senate and State Assembly to succeed him.[1]
In July 1789, Philip Schuyler and Rufus King had been elected to the U.S. Senate. Schuyler had drawn the short term which would expire on March 3, 1791.
At the State election in April 1790, nominal Federalist majorities were elected to both houses of the 14th New York State Legislature, but many Federalists were friendly to the Democratic-Republican Governor George Clinton, party lines not being drawn very strictly.
Schuyler, the incumbent, and Benson were both Federalists. Burr was not affiliated with the Federalist Party but was considered a moderate member of the emergent Jeffersonian faction that would coalesce as the Democratic-Republican Party the next year.
Burr was declared elected after receiving a majority of "Yeas" in each chamber of the legislature. Schuyler and Benson were both rejected by the Assembly and no vote was taken on either in the Senate.
The incumbent Schuyler was defeated, despite the nominal majority of his party. Many of the Federalists took the opportunity to show their disapproval of both Schuyler's haughtiness and the financial policies of Alexander Hamilton, the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury and Schuyler's son-in-law. Besides, the Livingston faction of the Federalist Party felt betrayed after the election of Rufus King over their candidate James Duane in 1789, and now allied themselves with Clinton and later became Democratic-Republicans.
| House | Aaron Burr | Philip Schuyler | Egbert Benson | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| State Senate (23 members) | Yea | 14 | ||
| Nay | 4 | |||
| State Assembly (65 members) | Yea | 32 | 27 | 24 |
| Nay | 27 | 32 | 35 | |
After a one-day special session of the U.S. Senate on March 4, 1791, the 2nd United States Congress convened for the regular session on October 24, 1791, at Congress Hall in Philadelphia. On November 8, 1791, the State's Council of Appointments declared the office of attorney general vacant, and appointed Morgan Lewis to succeed Burr.