1777 in the United States explained

Events from the year 1777 in the United States.

Incumbents

• President of the Second Continental Congress: John Hancock (until October 29), Henry Laurens (starting November 1)

Events

January–March

• January 2  - American Revolutionary War: Battle of the Assunpink Creek, also known as the Second Battle of Trenton: American forces under the command of George Washington repulse a British attack near Trenton, New Jersey.
• January 3  - American Revolutionary War: Battle of Princeton: American general George Washington defeats British general Charles Cornwallis.
• January 12  - Mission Santa Clara de Asís founded in what is now Santa Clara, California.
• January 15  - Vermont declares its independence from New York, becoming the Vermont Republic, an independent country, a status it retains until it joins the United States as the 14th state in 1791.
• January 20  - American Revolutionary War: Battle of Millstone, part of the Forage War
• January 22  - The first headstone is created in Oak Grove Cemetery in Bath, Massachusetts (now Maine).^[1]
• February 1  - American Revolutionary War: Battle of Drake's Farm, part of the Forage War
• February 5  - Burke, Camden, Chatham, Effingham, Glynn, Liberty, Richmond and Wilkes Counties, Georgia are created.^{[2] [3] [4]}
• February 8  - American Revolutionary War: Battle of Quibbletown, part of the Forage War
• February 12  - John McKinly is sworn in as the first president of Delaware.
• February 23  - American Revolutionary War: Battle of Spanktown, part of the Forage War
• March 5  - Thomas Wharton Jr. is sworn in as the first president of Pennsylvania.
• March 8 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Pun Hill, part of the Forage War
• March 21  - Thomas Johnson is sworn as the first governor of Maryland.

April–June

• April 7  - The first session of the North Carolina General Assembly of 1777 meet in New Bern, North Carolina.
• April 13  - American Revolutionary War: Battle of Bound Brook: A British and Hessian force led by Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis surprises a Continental Army outpost in New Jersey commanded by Major General Benjamin Lincoln.
• April 26  - American Revolutionary War: 16-year-old Sybil Ludington is said to have ridden 40miles through the night to warn militiamen under the control of her father Henry that British troops had raided Danbury, Connecticut.
• April 27  - American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Ridgefield: A British invasion force engages and defeats Continental Army regulars and militia irregulars at Ridgefield, Connecticut.
• May  - The Virginia General Assembly establishes Powhatan County and Powhatan.
• May 9  - The first session of the North Carolina General Assembly of 1777 ends and charters Johnston County Court House as Smithfield.
• May 14  - The Treasurer of the United Colonies changes to the Treasurer of the United States.^[5]
• May 16  - Lachlan McIntosh and Button Gwinnett shoot each other during a duel near Savannah, Georgia. Gwinnett, a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence, dies three days later.
• May 17  - American Revolutionary War: Battle of Thomas Creek.
• May 23  - American Revolutionary War: Meigs Raid.
• May 29  - Patrick Henry is reelected the first Governor of Virginia.
• June 1
  • An election is held for the Governor of New York but took a long time for the votes to be cast until July 9.
  • Caswell County, North Carolina is created.^[6]
  • Patrick Henry is sworn in for his second term as the first Governor of Virginia.^[7]
• June 13  - American Revolution: The Marquis de Lafayette lands near Charleston, South Carolina to help the Continental Congress train its army.
• June 14
  • The Stars and Stripes is adopted by the Continental Congress as the flag of the United States.
  • The Saratoga campaign begins.
• June 26  - American Revolutionary War: Battle of Short Hills.
• June 27  - James Parsons becomes the Vice President of South Carolina succeeding Henry Laurens.

July–September

• July 4  - The first organized Independence Day celebration in Philadelphia: included fireworks set off from the city's commons.
• July 6  - American Revolutionary War: Siege of Fort Ticonderoga  - After a bombardment by British artillery under General John Burgoyne, American forces retreat from Fort Ticonderoga, New York.
• July 7  - American Revolutionary War: Battle of Hubbardton  - British forces engage American troops retreating from Fort Ticonderoga.
• July 8
  • The Constitution of Vermont is adopted. This constitution was the first in what is now the territory of the United States to prohibit slavery, grant suffrage to non-landowning males, and require free public education.
  • American Revolutionary War

Battle of Fort Anne.

• July 9  - George Clinton elected the first Governor of New York defeating Major General Philip Schuyler.
• July 30  - George Clinton is sworn in as the first governor of New York.
• July 31  - The U.S. Second Continental Congress passes a resolution that the services of Marquis de Lafayette "be accepted, and that, in consideration of his zeal, illustrious family and connexions, he have the rank and commission of major-general of the United States."
• August 2–23  - American Revolutionary War: Siege of Fort Stanwix.
• August 6  - American Revolutionary War: Battle of Oriskany  - Loyalists gain a tactical victory over Patriots; Iroquois fight on both sides.
• August 13–14  - American Revolutionary War: Battle of Machias.
• August 16  - American Revolutionary War: Battle of Bennington  - British forces are defeated by American troops at Walloomsac, New York.
• August 22
  • American Revolutionary War: Battle of Staten Island.
  • American Revolutionary War: Battle of Setauket.
• September  - American Revolutionary War: Siege of Fort Henry.
• September 1
  • John McKesson becomes the first Clerk of the New York State Assembly.
  • American Revolutionary War: Siege of Fort Henry.
• September 3  - American Revolutionary War: Battle of Cooch's Bridge  - In a minor skirmish in New Castle County, Delaware, the flag of the United States was flown in battle for the first time.
• September 6  - George Washington held a council at the Hale-Byrnes House in Stanton, Delaware.^{[8] [9]}
• September 8
  • Drake's Regiment of Militia called up to Portsmouth, New Hampshire.
  • Evans' Regiment of Militia called up at Exeter, New Hampshire.
• September 9  - The 1st New York State Legislature meets.
• September 11  - American Revolutionary War  - Battle of Brandywine: The British gain a major victory in Chester County, Pennsylvania.
• September 16  - American Revolutionary War: Battle of the Clouds.
• September 19  - American Revolutionary War: First Battle of Saratoga: Battle of Freeman's Farm  - Patriot forces withstand a British attack at Saratoga, New York.
• September 21  - American Revolutionary War: Battle of Paoli.
• September 22  - Wells' Regiment of Militia gets called up to Shelburne, Massachusetts.
• September 26  - American Revolutionary War: British troops occupy Philadelphia.
• September 27
  • Lancaster, Pennsylvania is the capital of the United States for one day.
  • Welch's Regiment of Militia gets called up to Candia, New Hampshire.

October–December

• October
  • Rockbridge County, Virginia is established.
  • The Virginia General Assembly passed a law creating the Virginia Court of Chancery.
• October 4  - American Revolution  - Battle of Germantown: Troops under George Washington are repelled by British troops under Sir William Howe.
• October 6  - American Revolutionary War: Battle of Forts Clinton and Montgomery: British troops capture Fort Clinton and Fort Montgomery (Hudson River) and are able to dismantle the Hudson River Chain.
• October 7  - American Revolution  - Second Battle of Saratoga: Battle of Bemis Heights: British General John Burgoyne is defeated by American troops.
• October 16  - American Revolution: Burning of Kingston.
• October 17  - American Revolution  - Battle of Saratoga: British General John Burgoyne surrenders to the American troops.
• October 18  - Wells' Regiment of Militia is disbanded.
• October 20  - The 2nd Delaware General Assembly convenes succeeding the 1st.
• October 22  - American Revolutionary War: Battle of Red Bank.
• October 29  - John Hancock leaves as the fourth President of the Continental Congress.
• November 1  - Henry Laurens becomes the 5th President of the Continental Congress succeeding John Hancock.
• November 8  - Welch's Regiment of Militia is disbanded.^[10]
• November 15
  • American Revolution: After 16 months of debate, the Continental Congress approves the Articles of Confederation in the temporary American capital at York, Pennsylvania.
  • The second session of the North Carolina General Assembly of 1777 meet in New Bern, North Carolina and signs a law establishing the North Carolina Superior Court.
• November 17  - The Articles of Confederation are submitted to the states for ratification.
• November 25  - American Revolutionary War: Battle of Gloucester
• November 29  - San Jose, California is founded. It is the first pueblo in Spanish Alta California.
• December 5–8  - American Revolutionary War: Battle of White Marsh
• December 11  - American Revolutionary War: Battle of Matson's Ford
• December 18  - The United States celebrates its first Thanksgiving as a nation, marking the victory by the Americans over General John Burgoyne in the Battle of Saratoga in October.
• December 19  - American Revolution: George Washington's Continental Army goes into winter quarters at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania.
• December 20  - Morocco becomes the first country to recognize the independence of the United States.
• December 24  - The second session of the North Carolina General Assembly of 1777 ends.

Dates unknown

• In the St. Louis region, a brood of 13-year cicadas emerges at the same time as a large brood of 17-year cicadas.^[11]
• Fort Trumbull is completed and named after Jonathan Trumbull.
• John Milton becomes the first Georgia Secretary of State.
• Artisan's House is built.
• Hessian Barracks begins construction by the State of Maryland.
• The Maryland Loyalists Battalion is raised.
• Moultonborough Addition changes to New Hampton, New Hampshire and gets incorporated.^[12]
• Fort Billingsport is built by troops from New Jersey, Pennsylvania, South Carolina and Virginia.^[13]
• Fort Mercer is built.
• Fort Nonsense is built in Morristown, New Jersey.
• The first Middlebrook encampment takes place by George Washington and his troops.
• The Council of Appointment is established by the New York Constitution.
• The Council of Revision is established by the New York Constitution.
• The New York Court for the Trial of Impeachments is established by the New York State Constitution of 1777.
• Camden, Burke and Nash Counties, North Carolina are created.
• Waightstill Avery becomes the first North Carolina Attorney General.
• Washington County, North Carolina is founded (now Tennessee).^[14]
• Colebrook Township, Pennsylvania is settled.
• Wolf Township, Pennsylvania is settled.
• The settlement now to be Lovell, Maine is settled.
• Searles Hill Cemetery is built in Phillipston, Massachusetts.
• The Springfield Armory is approved by George Washington.
• Fluvanna and Patrick Henry Counties, Virginia are established.
• Fort au Fer gets occupied by General John Burgoyne.^[15]

Ongoing

• American Revolutionary War (1775–1783)
• Slavery in the United States

Births

• January 1  - Micah Hawkins, music theater composer (died 1825)
• March 17  - Roger Brooke Taney, politician, lawyer and judge (died 1864)
• April 12  - Henry Clay, U.S. Senator from Kentucky 1806-1807, 1810-1811, 1831-1842 & 1849-1852 (died 1852)
• April 30  - Carl Gauss, Famous Mathematician from Brunswick, Germany (died 1855)
• June 12  - Robert Clark, politician (died 1837)
• June 23  - Frederick Bates, politician (died 1825)
• July  - Thomas Clayton, U.S. Senator from Delaware 1824-1827 & 1837-1847 (died 1854)
• August 12  - George Wolf, politician (died 1840)
• October 16
  • Levi Barber, surveyor, court administrator, banker and legislator (died 1833)
  • Lorenzo Dow, Methodist preacher (died 1834)
• November 14  - Nathaniel Claiborne, politician (died 1859)
• November 24  - Samuel Butts, militia officer (killed in action 1814)
• December 10  - William Conner, trader and politician (died 1855)
• Date unknown
  • William Bellinger Bulloch, U.S. Senator from Georgia in 1813 (died 1852)
  • Thomas Day, Connecticut judge (died 1855)
  • Jesse B. Thomas, U.S. Senator from Illinois 1818-1829 (died 1853)

Deaths

• January 3  - William Leslie, British Army captain, killed at Battle of Princeton (born 1751 in Scotland)
• January 12  - Hugh Mercer, Continental Army brigadier general and physician, mortally wounded at Battle of Princeton (born 1726 in Scotland)
• February 19  - Seth Pomeroy, gunsmith and soldier (born 1706)
• May 19  - Button Gwinnett, signatory of the Declaration of Independence, 2nd Governor of Georgia in 1777 (born 1735 in Great Britain)
• August 11  - William Tennent III, Presbyterian pastor and patriot (born 1740)
• September 22  - John Bartram, botanist, horticulturalist and explorer (born 1699)
• October 4  - Francis Nash, Continental Army brigadier general, mortally wounded at Battle of Germantown (born c.1742)
• October 7  - Simon Fraser, British Army general, killed in Battle of Bemis Heights (born 1729 in Scotland)
• November 10  - Cornstalk (Hokoleskwa), Shawnee chief, murdered (born c.1720)

See also

• Timeline of the American Revolution (1760–1789)

Notes and References

1. https://books.google.com/books?id=UBSLCfFCFcYC&dq=oak+grove+cemetery+bath+maine+history&pg=PA287 History of Bath and Environs, Sagadahoc County, Maine: 1607–1894, Parker McCobb Reed (1894)
2. Book: The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States . Govt. Print. Off. . Gannett, Henry . 1905 . 139.
3. Web site: 1140. 2009-12-09 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140201165144/http://www.accg.org/content.asp?contentid=1140 . 2014-02-01 . dead .
4. Encyclopedia: Richmond County. New Georgia Encyclopedia.
5. Web site: History of the Treasury . home.treasury.gov . U.S. Department of the Treasury . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220829080250/https://home.treasury.gov/about/history/history-overview/history-of-the-treasury . August 29, 2022 . September 1, 2022.
6. Web site: Caswell County, North Carolina . 2022-12-20. www.carolana.com.
7. Book: Dubin, Michael J. . United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1776-1860: The Official Results by State and County . McFarland & Company . 2003 . 9780786414390 . Jefferson .
8. Web site: Brown . Robin . Ancient Tree Once Shaded Gen. Washington . 2007-02-22 .
9. Web site: [{{NRHP url|id=72000290}} National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Hale-Byrnes House ]. Rea Wilkie . January 1972 . National Park Service. and
10. Book: State Builders: An Illustrated Historical and Biographical Record of the State of New Hampshire. State Builders Publishing Manchester, NH. 1903. Willey, George Franklyn.
11. Web site: From 1998: 13- and 17-year cicadas coincided for first time since 1777.
12. Book: Coolidge, Austin J.. John B. Mansfield . A History and Description of New England. A.J. Coolidge . 1859. Boston, Massachusetts. 597–598. coolidge mansfield history description new england 1859. .
13. https://paulsboronj.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/A_Brief_HIstory_of_Fort_Billingsport.pdf A brief history of Fort Billingsport at PaulsboroNJ.org
14. http://www.washingtoncountytn.org/ Washington County official website
15. Web site: Fort au Fer. New York State Military Museum. New York State Division of Military and Naval Affairs: Military History. 25 October 2017.