1775 in Great Britain explained

Events from the year 1775 in Great Britain.

Incumbents

• Monarch – George III
• Prime Minister – Frederick North, Lord North (Tory)^[1]

Events

• 17 January – first performance of Richard Brinsley Sheridan's comedy of manners The Rivals at the Covent Garden Theatre in London.
• 9 February – American Revolution: British Parliament declares Massachusetts in rebellion.
• 22 March – American Revolution: Edmund Burke's speech before the British Parliament on conciliation with the American colonies.
• 3 April – Muzio Clementi makes his London debut as a harpsichordist.
• 19 April – the American Revolutionary War begins with the Battles of Lexington and Concord.^[2]
• 10 May – American Revolution: Capture of Fort Ticonderoga by Patriot forces.^[3]
• 12 May – American Revolution: Battle of Crown Point.
• 12 June – American Revolution: British forces offer a pardon to all colonists who would lay down their arms.
• 16 June – American Revolution: Battle of Bunker Hill.^[2]
• 5 July – American Revolution: the Continental Congress sends the Olive Branch Petition to King George III, hoping for a reconciliation.
• 30 July – second voyage of James Cook: anchors at Spithead, Captain Cook having completed the first eastabout global circumnavigation.
• 12 August–3 November – American Revolution: Battle of Fort St. Jean.
• 23 August – American Revolution: refusing even to look at the Olive Branch Petition, King George issues a Proclamation of Rebellion against the American colonies.
• 24 September – American Revolution: Battle of Longue-Pointe.
• 9 December – American Revolution: Battle of Great Bridge – victory by the Virginia's Second Regiment and the Culpeper (Virginia) Minuteman Battalion, leads to withdrawal of the British from the port of Norfolk Borough.
• 30–31 December – American Revolution: Battle of Quebec – British forces repulse an attack by the American Continental Army.
• 1775–76 Winter – Unusually deadly influenza epidemic in London kills nearly 40,000.^[4]

Undated

• Industrial Revolution
  • John Wilkinson (industrialist) invents and patents a new kind of boring machine.
  • The 1769 Watt steam engine patent is extended to June 1800 by Act of Parliament and the first engines are built under it.^{[5] [6]}
  • Josiah Wedgwood introduces jasperware pottery.
• Actress Sarah Siddons makes her debut at the Drury Lane Theatre as Portia in The Merchant of Venice but is not well received.^[3]

Publications

• Samuel Johnson's A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland.^[3]
• Augustus Toplady's hymn "Rock of Ages" (first version, in The Gospel Magazine, October).

Births

• 24 January – John Buonarotti Papworth, architect (died 1847)
• 30 January – Walter Savage Landor, writer (died 1864)
• 10 February
  • Charles Lamb, writer (died 1834)
  • James Smith, author (died 1839)
• 12 February – Louisa Adams, First Lady of the United States (died 1852 in the United States)
• 12 March – Joseph Chitty, lawyer and legal writer (died 1841)
• 23 April – J. M. W. Turner, painter (died 1851)
• 13 May – Henry Crabb Robinson, man of letters, lawyer and diarist (died 1867)
• 5 July – William Crotch, composer (died 1847)
• 31 August – Agnes Bulmer, poet (died 1836)
• 25 November – Charles Kemble, actor (died 1854)
• 14 December – Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald, admiral (died 1860)
• 16 December – Jane Austen, novelist (died 1817)

Deaths

• 8 January – John Baskerville, printer (born 1707)
• 6 February – William Dowdeswell, politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (born 1721)
• 7 March – Thomas Nuthall, politician and attorney
• 28 May – Barlow Trecothick, merchant and politician (born c. 1719)
• 17 June – Major John Pitcairn, marine (killed in battle) (born 1722)
• 16 September – Allen Bathurst, 1st Earl Bathurst, privy councillor (born 1684)
• 21 November – John Hill, botanist and writer (born c. 1716)
• 7 December – Charles Saunders, admiral (born c. 1715)

See also

• 1775 in Wales

Notes and References

1. Web site: History of Lord Frederick North - GOV.UK . www.gov.uk . 1 July 2023 . en.
2. Book: Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 0-14-102715-0. 2006.
3. Book: Williams, Hywel. Cassell's Chronology of World History. registration. London. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 2005. 0-304-35730-8. 329.
4. Web site: Rabon. John. London's Pandemic History. Londontopia. 2021-05-15. 2020-04-21.
5. F. M.. Scherer. Invention and Innovation in the Watt-Boulton Steam-Engine Venture. Technology and Culture. 6. 1965. 165–87. 3101072.
6. Web site: The Invention of the Steam Engine: The Life of James Watt. Part 4: The Steam Engine Gains Popularity. https://archive.today/20120525164012/http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blwattsenginespread.htm. dead. May 25, 2012. About.com Inventors. 2011-02-25.