1762 in Canada explained

Events from the year 1762 in Canada.

Incumbents

Louis XV[1]

George III[2]

Governors

Jeffery Amherst

Louis Billouart

Jonathan Belcher

Richard Edwards

Events

Births

July 17 : Alexander Macdonell, Roman Catholic bishop (died 1840 in Scotland)[3]

Deaths

August 28 : Augustin de Boschenry de Drucour, governor of Isle Royale.

Historical documents

Seeking to improve its fisheries position at peace talks, France captures Newfoundland, and loses it again three months later[4]

France "renounces all Pretensions" to Nova Scotia and cedes Canada and Cape Breton to Britain, which grants religious liberty to Catholics[5]

Seigneuries ("fiefs") of Canada are "deemed noble," with eldest son inheriting one half, and his male siblings sharing other half[6]

"The Canadians [are], in general, of a litigious disposition" with "multiplicity of Instruments" (to be replaced by "short and well digested Code")[7]

"Canadians in general are not much given to drunkenness, yet Men, Women and Children are used to drink a certain quantity of strong Liquors"[8]

Jesuits have missions to Indigenous people near Quebec at Jeune-Lorette (Wendat) and at Tadoussac and Chicoutimi (Innu; Note: "savages" used)[9]

Quebec general hospital is run by "ladies[...]of the best Families," but war and French king's unpaid debt must leave them in "utmost beggary"[10]

Canadians being "extremely tenacious of their Religion," British by not altering it and rebuilding "their great Church" would earn their loyalty[11]

Brief profiles of Innu, Huron-Wendat, Wolastoqiyik and Abenaki, with pledge of justice and instant redress of their complaints (Note: racial stereotypes)[12]

Soil is good, but Canadians are lazy and "not much skilled in Husbandry," and corrupted by "avaricious Men" (which British rule will end)[13]

With end of Canada's monopolies and more opportunity, trade in cod, whale products, naval stores, furs, hemp and flax, and potash will flourish[14]

British will end Canadian gentry's privilege, should keep clergy "in proper subjection," and have won over peasantry with generosity and lenity[15]

Excellent but misused iron industry near Trois-Rivières can be revived and expanded to supply Navy "with proper Iron for Ship Building"[16]

After detailing fur trade abuses, Gen. Thomas Gage suggests limiting western posts to five: Kaministiquia, Michilimackinac, Detroit and two others[17]

Catching whitefish at Sault Ste. Marie requires great skill in canoeing as well as netting[18]

Nova Scotia Council worried about security with so many Acadian prisoners in Halifax, and even more so in small unprotected settlements[19]

With Anglo-French hostilities ended, Commissioners for Trade and Plantations find it "neither necessary nor politic" to expel Acadians[20]

Nova Scotia executive authorized to borrow up to £4,500 to cover unpaid bounties and public works expenses, and to suspend bounties[21]

"Frauds and other Injuries [in] Trade and Dealing" committed against Indigenous people in Nova Scotia are to be prosecuted upon complaint[22]

For dissent or desertion "in Times of imminent Danger," Nova Scotia militia officers will be cashiered and lower ranks fined or imprisoned[23]

Seaman in St. John's harbor court-martial, sentenced for desertion to 600 lashes over 2 days, reprieved after first day for "imminent danger of his Life"[24]

Notes and References

  1. Guéganic (2008), p. 13.
  2. Web site: 31 December 2015 . George III . 18 April 2016 . Official website of the British monarchy . Royal Household.
  3. Web site: Alexander Macdonell The Canadian Encyclopedia . www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca . 24 February 2021.
  4. John Entick, "Newfoundland surprized by the French" The General History of the Late War; Vol. V (1764), pgs. 386-94. (See "The Recapture of Saint John’s, Newfoundland; Dispatches of Rear-Admiral, Lord Colville, 1761-1762") Accessed 29 March 2022
  5. Article II, Preliminary Articles of Peace between His Britannick Majesty, the Most Christian King, and the Catholick King (in French and English; 1762), pgs. 6-7. (See also articles on French fishing rights and cession of St. Pierre and Miquelon to France) Accessed 29 March 2022
  6. "3. State of the Government under the French Administration; Fiefs," General Murray's Report of the State of the Government of Quebec in Canada June 5th, 1762, Documents Relating to the Constitutional History of Canada, 1759-1791 (1907), pg. 40 (PDF frame 54). Accessed 30 March 2022
  7. "3. State of the Government under the French Administration; 5," General Murray's Report of the State of the Government of Quebec in Canada June 5th, 1762, Documents Relating to the Constitutional History of Canada, 1759-1791 (1907), pg. 41 (PDF frame 55). Accessed 30 March 2022
  8. "4. Revenues and Expence of the Government under the French Administration; Observations; 2," General Murray's Report of the State of the Government of Quebec in Canada June 5th, 1762, Documents Relating to the Constitutional History of Canada, 1759-1791 (1907), pg. 50 (PDF frame 64). Accessed 30 March 2022
  9. "5th, Church Government; The Jesuites," General Murray's Report of the State of the Government of Quebec in Canada June 5th, 1762, Documents Relating to the Constitutional History of Canada, 1759-1791 (1907), pg. 51 (PDF frame 65). Accessed 30 March 2022
  10. "5th, Church Government; The General Hospital near Quebec," General Murray's Report of the State of the Government of Quebec in Canada June 5th, 1762, Documents Relating to the Constitutional History of Canada, 1759-1791 (1907), pg. 53 (PDF frame 67). Accessed 30 March 2022
  11. "5th, Church Government; Observations: 1st, 4th," General Murray's Report of the State of the Government of Quebec in Canada June 5th, 1762, Documents Relating to the Constitutional History of Canada, 1759-1791 (1907), pgs. 53-4 (PDF frames 67-8). Accessed 30 March 2022
  12. "6th, Indian Nations residing within the Government," General Murray's Report of the State of the Government of Quebec in Canada June 5th, 1762, Documents Relating to the Constitutional History of Canada, 1759-1791 (1907), pgs. 54-6 (PDF frames 68-70). (See also locations of three Indigenous villages in Trois Riviéres region on pg. 67 (PDF frame 81) Accessed 31 March 2022
  13. "7th, Nature of the Soil and its Produce," General Murray's Report of the State of the Government of Quebec in Canada June 5th, 1762, Documents Relating to the Constitutional History of Canada, 1759-1791 (1907), pg. 56 (PDF frame 70). (See also similar comments about Trois Riviéres region on pg. 63 (PDF frame 77) Accessed 31 March 2022
  14. "9th, Trade," General Murray's Report of the State of the Government of Quebec in Canada June 5th, 1762, Documents Relating to the Constitutional History of Canada, 1759-1791 (1907), pgs. 57, 58-9 (PDF frames 71, 72-3). Accessed 31 March 2022
  15. "10th, Character of the People," General Murray's Report of the State of the Government of Quebec in Canada June 5th, 1762, Documents Relating to the Constitutional History of Canada, 1759-1791 (1907), pgs. 59-60 (PDF frames 73-4). Accessed 31 March 2022
  16. "Advantages derived to the French," Col. Burton's Report of the State of the Government of Three Rivers (April 1762), Documents Relating to the Constitutional History of Canada, 1759-1791 (1907), pgs. 64-5 (PDF frames 78-9). Accessed 31 March 2022
  17. "To remedy the Inconveniencies & abuses," General Gage's Report of the State of the Government of Montreal (March 20, 1762), Documents Relating to the Constitutional History of Canada, 1759-1791 (1907), pg. 71 (PDF frame 85). Accessed 31 March 2022
  18. Alexander Henry, "They are full of white-fish" Travels and Adventures in Canada and the Indian Territories[....] (1809), pg. 59. (See also spearing trout under ice) Accessed 30 March 2022
  19. https://archives.novascotia.ca/deportation/archives/?Number=ONEII&Page=323 Council meeting
  20. https://archives.novascotia.ca/deportation/archives/?Number=ONEII&Page=337 "Extract from the Minutes of the Proceedings of the Lords Commissioners of Trade and Plantations"
  21. https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/act-enable-governor-lieutenant-governor-or-commander-chief-borrow-sum-four-thousand "An Act to enable the Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, or Commander in Chief, to borrow the Sum of Four Thousand Five Hundred Pounds for paying off the Public Debts, and to postpone the Payment of Bounties and Premiums"
  22. https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/act-preventing-fraudulent-dealings-trade-indians "An Act for Preventing fraudulent Dealings in the Trade with the Indians"
  23. https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/act-better-regulating-militia-actual-service-time-war "An Act for the better regulating the Militia, on actual Service in Time of War"
  24. http://ngb.chebucto.org/Articles/colville-1762.shtml "Herewith I inclose you the Sentences of nineteen Courts Martial as follow (...) 18. Matthew Hay"

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