175th New York State Legislature explained

Number:175th
Start:January 1
End:December 31, 1965
Vp:Lt. Gov. Malcolm Wilson (R)
Pro Tem:Joseph Zaretzki (D)
Speaker:Anthony J. Travia (D)
Senators:58
Reps:150
S-Majority:Democratic (33–25)
H-Majority:Democratic (88–62)
Sessionnumber1:1st
Sessionstart1:January 6
Sessionend1:June 23, 1965
Previous:174th
Next:176th

The 175th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 6 to June 23, 1965, during the seventh year of Nelson Rockefeller's governorship, in Albany.

Background

Under the provisions of the New York Constitution of 1938, re-apportioned in 1953, 58 Senators and 150 assembly members were elected in single-seat districts for two-year terms. The senatorial districts consisted either of one or more entire counties; or a contiguous area within a single county. The counties which were divided into more than one senatorial district were Kings (nine districts), New York (six), Queens (five), Bronx (four), Erie (three), Nassau (three), Westchester (three), Monroe (two) and Onondaga (two). The Assembly districts consisted either of a single entire county (except Hamilton Co.), or of contiguous area within one county.

In 1964, the U.S. Supreme Court handed down several decisions establishing that State legislatures should follow the One man, one vote rule to apportion their election districts. A special Federal Statutory Court declared the New York apportionment formulae for both the State Senate and the State Assembly unconstitutional, and the State Legislature was ordered to re-apportion the seats by April 1, 1965. The court also ruled that the 1964 legislative election should be held under the 1954 apportionment, but those elected could serve only for one year (in 1965), and an election under the new apportionment should be held in November 1965. Senators John H. Hughes and Lawrence M. Rulison (both Rep.) questioned the authority of the federal court to shorten the term of the 1964 electees,[1] alleging excessive costs for the additional election in an off-year.[2]

At this time there were two major political parties: the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. The Liberal Party, the Conservative Party, the Socialist Labor Party, and the Socialist Workers Party also nominated tickets. At the New York state election, 1964, on November 3, Democratic majorities were elected to both the State Senate and the State Assembly for the session of 1965.

The lame-duck Legislature of 1964 met for a special session at the State Capitol in Albany from December 15 to 31, 1964, to re-apportion the legislative districts for the election in November 1965, gerrymandering the districts according to the wishes of the Republican majority before the Democrats would take over the Legislature in January.[3] [4] The number of seats in the State Senate was increased to 65, and the number of seats in the Assembly to 165. County representation was abandoned in favor of population-proportional districts which could lie across county lines, and the new Assembly districts were numbered from 1 to 165.

Elections

The 1964 New York state election, was held on November 3. The only statewide elective office up for election was a U.S. Senator from New York. Democrat Robert F. Kennedy defeated the Republican incumbent Kenneth B. Keating. The approximate party strength at this election, as expressed by the vote for U.S. Senator, was: Democrats 3,540,000; Republicans 3,104,000; Liberals 285,000; Conservatives 212,000; Socialist Labor 7,000; and Socialist Workers 4,000.

3 of the 4 women members of the previous legislature State Senator Constance Baker Motley, a lawyer of Manhattan; and Assembly Members Constance E. Cook (Republican), a lawyer of Ithaca, and Aileen B. Ryan (Democrat), a former school teacher of the Bronx—were re-elected. Shirley Chisholm (Democrat), a preschool teacher of Brooklyn; and Dorothy H. Rose (Democrat), a high-school teacher and librarian of Angola, were also elected to the Assembly.

Sessions

The Legislature met for the regular session (the 188th) at the State Capitol in Albany on January 6, 1965;[5] and adjourned on June 23.[6]

Due to the split of the Democratic majorities in both Houses into followers of Mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr. and U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy, neither House could be organized, and a month of deadlock ensued.

On February 1, the United States Supreme Court confirmed the Federal Statutory Court's order to elect a new New York Legislature in November 1965.[7]

On February 3, Joseph Zaretzki (Dem.) was elected Temporary President of the State Senate with the votes of the Wagner Democrats and the Republicans.[8]

On February 4, Anthony J. Travia (Dem.) was elected Speaker.[9]

On April 14, the New York Court of Appeals declared the apportionment of December 1964 as unconstitutional, citing that the New York Constitution provides expressly that the Assembly shall have 150 seats, not 165 as were apportioned. The court also held that, although the constitutional State Senate apportionment formula provides for additional seats, the increase from 58 to 65 was unwarranted.[10]

On May 10, the Federal Statutory Court ordered that the election on November 2, 1965, be held under the December 1964 apportionment, and that the Legislature thus elected re-apportion the seats again by February 1, 1966.[11]

On August 24, the Federal Statutory Court clarified that, if the Governor and Legislature should not have enacted a new apportionment by February 1, 1966, then the Court would draft a new apportionment for the next election.[12]

On October 11, the U.S. Supreme Court dismissed four appeals against the ruling of the Federal Statutory Court, and upheld the election of a new New York Legislature on November 2.[13]

State Senate

Senators

The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature. Bernard G. Gordon, Robert Watson Pomeroy, William S. Calli and Kenneth R. Willard changed from the Assembly to the Senate.

Note: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words "...the Committee on (the)..."

DistrictSenatorPartyNotes
1stElisha T. BarrettRepublican
2ndNorman F. LentRepublican
3rdHenry M. CurranRepublican
4thEdward J. SpenoRepublican
5thJack E. BronstonDemocratChairman of Affairs of Cities
6thIrving MosbergDemocratChairman of General Laws
7thSeymour R. ThalerDemocratChairman of Public Health
8thThomas A. DuffyDemocratChairman of Codes
9thThomas J. MackellDemocratChairman of Affairs of the City of New York
10thSimon J. LiebowitzDemocratChairman of Motor Vehicles
11thWilliam C. ThompsonDemocratChairman of National Defense
12thJeremiah B. BloomDemocratChairman of Banks
13thGuy James ManganoDemocratChairman of Corporations
14thWilliam T. ConklinRepublican
15thIrwin BrownsteinDemocratChairman of Commerce and Navigation
16thWilliam RosenblattDemocratChairman of Judiciary
17thSamuel L. GreenbergDemocratChairman of Finance
18thEdward S. LentolDemocratChairman of Civil Service
19thJohn J. MarchiRepublican
20thFrederic S. BermanDemocrat
21stConstance Baker MotleyDemocratChairwoman of Penal Institutions;
on February 23, 1965, elected Borough President of Manhattan
22ndJerome L. WilsonDemocratChairman of Public Welfare
23rdJoseph ZaretzkiDemocratelected Temporary President; Chairman of Rules
24thPaul P. E. BooksonDemocratChairman of Agriculture
25thManfred OhrensteinDemocratChairman of Mental Hygiene
26thHarry KrafDemocratChairman of Taxation
27thIvan WarnerDemocratChairman of Education
28thAbraham BernsteinDemocratChairman of Excise
29thJoseph E. MarineDemocratChairman of Public Service
30thMax BerkingDemocrat
31stBernard G. GordonRepublican
32ndRoyden A. LetsenDemocratChairman of Highways
33rdD. Clinton Dominick IIIRepublican
34thE. Ogden BushRepublican
35thRobert Watson PomeroyRepublican
36thJulian B. ErwayDemocratChairman of Insurance
37thF. Warren TraversDemocratChairman of Internal Affairs
38thOwen M. BegleyDemocratChairman of Conservation
39thNathan ProllerRepublican
40thJohn E. QuinnDemocrat
41stDalwin J. NilesRepublican
42ndWilliam S. CalliRepublican
43rdHugh Douglas BarclayRepublican
44thEarl E. BoyleDemocrat
45thJohn H. HughesRepublican
46thLeighton A. HopeRepublican
47thWarren M. AndersonRepublican
48thGeorge R. MetcalfRepublican
49thWilliam T. SmithRepublican
50thBryce BardenRepublican
51stFrank E. Van LareRepublican
52ndThomas LaverneRepublican
53rdKenneth R. WillardRepublican
54thEarl W. BrydgesRepublicanMinority Leader
55thJohn H. DoerrDemocrat
56thFrank J. GlinskiDemocratChairman of Labor
57thBertrand H. HoakDemocratChairman of Affairs of Villages
58thJeremiah J. MoriartyRepublican

Employees

State Assembly

Assembly members

The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature. Walter E. Cooke changed from the Senate to the Assembly.

Note: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words "...the Committee on (the)..."

DistrictAssembly membersPartyNotes
Albany1stFrank P. CoxDem./Lib.Chairman of Public Printing
2ndHarvey M. LifsetDem./Lib.Chairman of Cities
AlleganyDon O. CummingsRepublican
Bronx1stDonald J. SullivanDemocratChairman of Revision
2ndSeymour PosnerDemocrat
3rdJerome SchutzerDemocrat
4thEugene RodriguezDemocrat
5thMelville E. AbramsDemocratChairman of Social Welfare and Relief
6thMurray LewinterDemocrat
7thJohn T. SatrialeDemocratChairman of Ways and Means
8thAlexander ChananauDemocratChairman of Canals and Waterways
9thBurton HechtDemocrat
10thFerdinand J. MondelloDemocrat
11thAileen B. RyanDemocratChairwoman of Charitable and Religious Societies;
on November 2, 1965, elected to the New York City Council
12thFred W. Eggert Jr.DemocratChairman of Aviation
Broome1stDaniel S. Dickinson Jr.Rep./Cons.
2ndGeorge L. IngallsRepublicanMinority Leader
CattaraugusJames F. HastingsRepublican
CayugaGeorge M. MichaelsDemocratChairman of Affairs of Villages
ChautauquaA. Bruce ManleyRepublican
ChemungL. Richard MarshallRepublican
ChenangoGuy L. MarvinRepublican
ClintonLouis WolfeDemocrat
ColumbiaWillard C. DrummRepublican
CortlandLouis H. FolmerRepublican
DelawareEdwyn E. MasonRepublican
DutchessVictor C. WaryasDemocrat
Erie1stStephen R. GrecoDemocratChairman of Pensions
2ndF. James Kane Jr.Democrat
3rdArthur Hardwick Jr.Democrat
4thFrancis J. GriffinDemocrat
5thJohn B. LisDemocratChairman of Motor Vehicles
6thAlbert J. HausbeckDemocrat
7thJulius VolkerRepublican
8thDorothy H. RoseDemocrat
EssexGrant W. JohnsonRepublican
FranklinJames Edward LaPanDemocrat
Fulton and HamiltonGlenn H. HarrisRepublican
GeneseeJames A. Carmichael Jr.Democrat
GreeneClarence D. LaneRepublican
HerkimerDonald J. MitchellRepublican
JeffersonOrin S. WilcoxRepublican
Kings1stMax M. TurshenDemocratChairman of Judiciary
2ndNoah GoldsteinDemocrat
3rdJoseph J. DowdDemocrat
4thHarold W. CohnDemocratChairman of Internal Affairs
5thLeonard E. YosweinDemocrat
6thBertram L. BakerDemocratChairman of Public Education
7thLouis KalishDemocratChairman of Insurance
8thWilliam J. FerrallDemocrat
9thRobert F. KellyRepublican
10thWalter E. CookeDemocrat
11thGeorge A. CincottaDemocratChairman of Excise
12thDominick L. DiCarloRepublican
13thLawrence P. MurphyDemocratChairman of Mortgage and Real Estate
14thEdward A. KurmelDemocrat
15thAlfred A. LamaDemocratChairman of Banks
16thSalvatore J. GriecoDemocrat
17thShirley ChisholmDemocrat
18thStanley SteingutDemocratChairman of General Laws
19thJoseph KottlerDemocratChairman of Penal Institutions
20thJoseph R. CorsoDemocratChairman of Codes
21stBertram L. PodellDemocratChairman of Local Finance
22ndAnthony J. TraviaDemocratelected Speaker; Chairman of Rules
LewisLawrence C. ByrnesRepublican
LivingstonJames L. EmeryRepublican
MadisonHarold I. TylerRepublican
Monroe1stHarold P. GarnhamDemocrat
2ndS. William RosenbergRepublican
3rdJames E. PowersDemocrat
4thCharles F. StockmeisterDemocratChairman of Conservation
MontgomeryDonald A. CampbellRepublican
Nassau1stFrancis T. PurcellRepublicanon June 18, 1965, appointed as Supervisor of Hempstead
2ndJerome R. McDougal Jr.Democrat
3rdJohn E. KingstonRepublican
4thEdwin J. FehrenbachRepublican
5thHerbert SachsDemocrat
6thJohn S. Thorp Jr.Democrat
New York1stWilliam F. PassannanteDemocratChairman of Claims
2ndLouis DeSalvioDemocratChairman of Military Affairs
3rdJerome KretchmerDemocrat
4thJerome W. MarksDemocrat
5thAlbert H. BlumenthalDemocrat
6thPaul J. CurranRepublican
7thDaniel M. KellyDemocratChairman of Taxation
8thJohn M. BurnsRepublican
9thS. William GreenRepublican
10thCarlos M. RiosDemocrat
11thPercy E. SuttonDemocrat
12thMark T. SouthallDemocrat
13thOrest V. MarescaDemocratChairman of Affairs of the City of New York
14thJose Ramos-LopezDemocratChairman of Printed and Engrossed Bills
15thJohn J. WalshDemocratChairman of Public Institutions
16thFrank G. RossettiDemocratChairman of Labor and Industries
Niagara1stGregory J. PopeDemocrat
2ndDonald J. O'HaraDemocrat
Oneida1stPaul A. WorlockDemocratDemocratic Whip; Chairman of Agriculture
2ndJohn B. CosgroveDemocrat
Onondaga1stJames J. BarryDemocrat
2ndJohn H. TerryRepublican
3rdPhilip R. ChaseRepublican
OntarioFrederick L. WarderRepublican
Orange1stDaniel BeckerRepublican
2ndJack A. SchlosserDemocrat
OrleansAlonzo L. WatersRepublican
OswegoEdward F. CrawfordRepublican
OtsegoScott E. GreeneRepublican
PutnamWillis H. StephensRepublican
Queens1stThomas V. LaFauciDem./Lib.Chairman of Civil Service
2ndThomas P. CullenDem./Lib.
3rdRobert E. WhelanDemocrat
4thJules G. SabbatinoDem./Lib.Chairman of Commerce and Navigation
5thMartin M. PsatyDem./Lib.
6thMichael G. RiceDemocratChairman of Public Health
7thMoses M. WeinsteinDem./Lib.Majority Leader
8thMichael J. CapanegroDem./Lib.
9thFred W. PrellerRep./Cons.
10thMartin RodellDem./Lib.
11thKenneth N. BrowneDem./Lib.
12thJ. Lewis FoxDem./Lib.Chairman of Public Service
13thFrederick D. SchmidtDem./Cons.
RensselaerJames A. LombardDemocrat
Richmond1stEdward J. Amann Jr.Republican
2ndLucio F. RussoRepublican
RocklandJoseph T. St. LawrenceDem./Lib.
St. LawrenceVerner M. IngramRepublican
SaratogaStanley L. Van RensselaerRepublican
SchenectadyJohn F. KirvinDemocrat
SchoharieRussell SelkirkRepublican
SchuylerJohn P. CallananRepublican
SenecaTheodore D. DayRepublican
SteubenCharles D. HendersonRepublican
Suffolk1stPerry B. Duryea Jr.Republican
2ndPrescott B. HuntingtonRepublican
3rdJohn G. McCarthyRepublican
SullivanHyman E. MintzRepublican
TiogaRichard C. LounsberryRepublican
TompkinsConstance E. CookRepublican
UlsterKenneth L. WilsonRepublican
WarrenRichard J. BartlettRepublican
WashingtonLawrence E. Corbett Jr.Republican
WayneJoseph C. FinleyRepublican
Westchester1stThomas J. McInerneyDemocrat
2ndLawrence A. CabotDem./Lib.
3rdGeorge E. Van CottRepublican
4thAnthony B. GioffreRepublican
5thJohn J. S. MeadRepublican
6thRichard A. CeroskyRepublican
WyomingFrank WalkleyRepublican
YatesPaul R. TaylorRepublican

Employees

Notes

  1. https://www.nytimes.com/1964/08/02/2-state-senators-fight-term-ruling.html 2 STATE SENATORS FIGHT TERM RULING
  2. https://www.nytimes.com/1964/08/25/two-state-senators-fight-redisricting.html Two State Senators Fight Redisricting
  3. https://www.nytimes.com/1964/12/02/archives/rockefeller-calls-session-for-dec-15-democrats-assail.html ROCKEFELLER CALLS SESSION FOR DEC. 15; Legislature Told to Draw Redistricting Formula
  4. https://www.nytimes.com/1964/12/03/reapportioning-new-york-state.html Reapportioning New York State
  5. https://www.nytimes.com/1965/01/07/archives/session-is-opened-two-attempts-to-elect-officers-fail-both-houses.html SESSION IS OPENED; Two Attempts to Elect Officers Fail
  6. https://www.nytimes.com/1965/06/23/archives/assembly-passes-city-fiscal-bills-session-near-end-wagner-package.html ASSEMBLY PASSES CITY FISCAL BILLS
  7. https://www.nytimes.com/1965/02/02/archives/high-court-backs-districting-edict-upholds-us-panels-order-for-65.html HIGH COURT BACKS DISTRICTING EDICT
  8. https://www.nytimes.com/1965/02/04/archives/zaretzki-wins-as-gop-steps-in-giving-wagner-man-needed-votes.html ZARETZKI WINS AS G.O.P. STEPS IN, GIVING WAGNER MAN NEEDED VOTES
  9. https://www.nytimes.com/1965/02/05/archives/travial-elected-speaker-gop-vote-again-decisive-as-streingut-is.html TRAVIA ELECTED SPEAKER
  10. https://www.nytimes.com/1965/04/15/archives/gop-plan-voided-constitution-is-cited-as-requiring-150-seats-in.html G.O.P. PLAN VOIDED; Constitution Is Cited as Requiring 150 Seats in Assembly State's Legislative Reapportionment
  11. https://www.nytimes.com/1965/05/11/archives/decision-is-2-to-1-order-applies-only-to-1965-winners-to-serve-one.html DECISION IS 2 TO 1; ...that a legislative election be held Nov. 2 under a Republican reapportionment plan that had been invalidated by the State Court of Appeals
  12. https://www.nytimes.com/1965/08/25/archives/court-orders-state-action-on-redistricting-by-feb-1-justice-gives.html Justice Gives Rockefeller a Deadline to Submit Formula, With Judicial Proposal as the Alternative
  13. https://www.nytimes.com/1965/10/12/archives/supreme-court-clears-election-for-legislature-dismisses-appeals-to.html SUPREME COURT CLEARS ELECTION FOR LEGISLATURE
  14. http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2019/Albany%20NY%20Knickerbocker%20News/Albany%20NY%20Knickerbocker%20News%201965/Albany%20NY%20Knickerbocker%20News%201965%20-%201173.pdf Legislature Wheels Turning
  15. http://fultonhistory.com/Newspapers%20Disk3/Watertown%20Times/Watertown%20NY%20Daily%20Times%201965%20Mar%20Grayscale.pdf/Watertown%20NY%20Daily%20Times%201965%20Mar%20Grayscale%20-%200038.pdf R. J. Roche Loses Post in Assembly

Sources

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