1748 in Canada explained

Events from the year 1748 in Canada.

Incumbents

• French Monarch

Louis XV^[1]

• British and Irish Monarch

George II^[2]

Governors

• Governor General of New France

Roland-Michel Barrin de La Galissonière

• Colonial Governor of Louisiana

Pierre de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnial

• Governor of Nova Scotia

Paul Mascarene

• Commodore-Governor of Newfoundland

Charles Watson

Events

• Louisbourg is returned to France by the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle.
• Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle returns Ile Royale (Cape Breton Island) and Ile Saint-Jean (Prince Edward Island) to French.
• Treaty of Logstown (English with Shawnee, Delaware, Wyandot). English later base their claim to the whole Great Lakes and midwest (or Old Northwest as it was later called) on these two treaties.

Births

• June 14: Henry Allen, evangelist, hymnist, theologian (d.1784)

Full date unknown

• James Henry Craig, officer, colonial administrator (d.1812)

Deaths

• August 12: Jean Jeantot, Canadian Catholic brother and schoolmaster (born c. 1666)^[3]

Historical documents

Paul Mascarene's lengthy summary of Nova Scotia leaders' interactions with Acadians since 1710, especially around loyalty oaths^[4]

Mascarene sends Acadian deputies long letter warning them of dire consequences for support some Acadians give to rebels ("Banditti")^[5]

Mascarene tells British secretary of state about Minas rebels influencing people, and "time and good care [needed] to wean them of that inclination"^[6]

"Almost impossible to effect their Removal without Bloodshed" - Better to keep Acadians on lands they have title to and have improved^[7]

Description of Acadian settlement Minas includes salt marsh farming, dikes and room for fortress (Note: "savages" used)^[8]

Secretary of state says settling active-duty Highland soldiers in Nova Scotia better than sending them back to Scotland^[9]

As French and British negotiators draft peace treaty, writer tells why "useless" Cape Breton Island should be returned to France^[10]

British politics and ministers' self-interest will influence whether Cape Breton is be kept or lost^[11]

Treaty clause restoring Cape Breton to France means giving up its port and fort, rich timber stands and coal mining, and strategic location^[12]

"I wish it may not prove too true" - Benjamin Franklin reports learning that 3,000 Canadians might march on Albany, New York^[13]

Huron mission at Detroit engages joiner to work in church, including altar rail, confessional and sacristy closet for altar-fronts^[14]

Comment on upper class social life in Canada ranges from Madame Lanodière's brightness to clergy's dismay at dances on feast days^[15]

Summary of conclusions made by examiners of Hudson's Bay Company policy includes its checks on settlement and increasing trade^[16]

Petitioning adventurers who sent 1746-7 expedition want permission to extend settlement and trade into continent near Hudson Bay^[17]

Employee says finally HBC will be supporting religious welfare and Christian treatment of "servants and natives"^[18]

Notes and References

1. Guéganic (2008), p. 13.
2. Web site: 30 December 2015 . George I . 18 April 2016 . Official web site of the British monarchy.
3. Jeantot, Jean . Jacques . Grimard . 3 . 4 January 2012.
4. https://archives.novascotia.ca/deportation/archives/?Number=ONEI&Page=158 "Extract from a Letter of Governor Paul Mascarene to Governor Shirley"
5. https://archives.novascotia.ca/deportation/archives/?Number=ONEI&Page=162 "Govr. Mascarene to the Acadian Deputies"
6. https://archives.novascotia.ca/deportation/archives/?Number=ONEI&Page=164 "Govr. Mascarene to Duke of Bedford"
7. Otis Little, "It therefore highly concerns this Kingdom" The State of Trade in the Northern Colonies Considered; With[...]a particular Description of Nova Scotia (1748, 1749), pg. 26. Accessed 5 November 2021
8. Otis Little, "Minas being the principal Place in the Province" The State of Trade in the Northern Colonies Considered; With[...]a particular Description of Nova Scotia (1748, 1749), pgs. 35-7. (Another description of marsh farming) Accessed 5 November 2021
9. "Bedford to Cumberland" (October 11, 1748), Military Affairs in North America; 1748-1765 (1936), pgs. 6-7 (PDF pgs. 42-3). Accessed 10 November 2021
10. https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.39510/22?r=0&s=1 Cape Breton inconsequential
11. https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.39134/16?r=0&s=1 "Suppose Cape Breton to be the Price"
12. https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.20134/22?r=0&s=1 Reasons to keep Cape Breton Island
13. https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-03-02-0109 Letter of Benjamin Franklin
14. "Continuation of the Book of Accounts, Commencing from Father de la Richardie's Return to the Mission," The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents; Vol. LXX. Accessed 10 November 2021 http://moses.creighton.edu/kripke/jesuitrelations/relations_70.html (scroll down to Page 49)
15. Élisabeth Rocbert de la Morandière, dite Madame Bégon, Letter excerpts (November 12 and December 9 and 11, 1748), Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 9 November 2021
16. Josiah Tucker, "But the affair of a public company" An Essay on the Advantages and Disadvantages [of] France and Great Britain with regard to Trade (1756), pgs. 88-92. Accessed 9 November 2021
17. https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.42261/19?r=0&s=1 "That the Petitioners"
18. Joseph Robson, Religious welfare An Account of Six Years Residence in Hudson's-Bay[....] (1752), pgs. 55-6. Accessed 9 November 2021