1745 in Great Britain explained

Events from the year 1745 in Great Britain.

Incumbents

• Monarch – George II
• Prime Minister – Henry Pelham (Whig)^[1]

Events

• 30 April–11 May – War of the Austrian Succession: British forces defeated at the Battle of Fontenoy.^[2]
• 16 June – King George's War: British capture Cape Breton Island in North America from the French.^[2]
• 26 June – the earliest known women's cricket match, at Gosden Common in Surrey.^[3]
• 9 July (20 July NS) – Jacobite rising: The Du Teillay, carrying the Young Pretender Charles Edward Stuart from France to Scotland, and her escort L'Elisabeth engage with HMS Lion in the English Channel.
• 23 July – Jacobite rising: Charles Stuart lands on Eriskay in the Hebrides in Scotland.^[2]
• 15–26 August – War of the Austrian Succession: By the Convention of Hanover, King George II makes peace overtures to Prussia and ends support for Austria.^[2]
• 16 August – Jacobite rising: A Jacobite victory at Highbridge Skirmish.
• 19 August – Jacobite rising: Charles Stuart raises his standard at Glenfinnan.
• 11 September – Jacobite rising: Jacobites enter Edinburgh.^[2]
• 16 September – Jacobite rising: "Canter of Coltbrigg": The 13th and 14th Dragoons flee Jacobites near Edinburgh.
• 17 September – Jacobite rising: in Edinburgh, Charles Stuart proclaims his father James Francis Edward Stuart as James VIII of Scotland.^[2]
• 21 September – Jacobite rising: Government forces are defeated at the Battle of Prestonpans.^[4]
• 28 September – the song later to become the British national anthem "God Save the King" is first performed at the Drury Lane Theatre in London in a setting by Thomas Arne.^[4]
• 13–15 November – Jacobite rising: Jacobites besiege and capture Carlisle.
• December – Jacobite rising: Jacobite garrison in Carlisle surrenders to Hanoverian forces under Prince William, Duke of Cumberland.
• 4 December – Jacobite rising: Jacobite forces reach Derby causing panic in London.^[2]
• 6 December – Jacobite rising: Jacobite forces decide to retreat to Scotland.^[2]
• 18 December – Jacobite rising: A Jacobite victory at the Clifton Moor Skirmish,^[2] the last action between two military forces on English soil.^[5]
• 23 December – Jacobite rising: A Jacobite victory at the Battle of Inverurie.

Undated

• West towers of Westminster Abbey completed.^[3]
• The term "middle class" is first used.^{[6] [7]}

Publications

• Henry Fielding edits the pro-government publication The True Patriot.^[2]

Births

• 23 January – William Jessop, civil engineer (died 1814)
• February – Samuel Hearne, explorer, fur-trader, author and naturalist (died 1792)
• 2 February
  • Hannah More, religious writer, Romantic poet and philanthropist (died 1833)
  • John Nichols, printer and antiquary (died 1826)
• 14 February – Lady Sarah Lennox, courtier (died 1826)
• 20 February – Henry James Pye, poet laureate (died 1813)
• 4 March – Charles Dibdin, composer (died 1814)
• 12 May – William Creech, Scottish bookseller and Lord Provost of Edinburgh (died 1815)
• 13 July – Robert Calder, admiral (died 1818)
• 20 July – Henry Holland, architect (died 1806)
• 20 or 21 August – Francis Asbury, bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church (died 1816 in the United States)
• 17 October – William Scott, 1st Baron Stowell, judge and jurist (died 1836)
• 7 November – Prince Henry, Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn, member of the royal family (died 1793)
• 10 December – Thomas Holcroft, writer (died 1809)

Deaths

• 26 February – Henry Scudamore, 3rd Duke of Beaufort (born 1707)
• 18 March – Robert Walpole, first Prime Minister of Great Britain (born 1676)^[8]
• 28 May – Jonathan Richardson, portrait painter, writer on art and collector (born 1667)
• 30 September – Sir John Baird, 2nd Baronet, Scottish politician (born 1686)
• 19 October – Jonathan Swift, Irish satirist (born 1667)
• 16 November – James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde, exiled Irish-born statesman and soldier (born 1665)
• John Freame, banker (born 1669)

See also

• 1745 in Wales

Notes and References

1. Web site: History of Henry Pelham - GOV.UK . www.gov.uk . 19 June 2023 . en.
2. Book: Williams, Hywel. Cassell's Chronology of World History. London. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 2005. 0-304-35730-8. 310–311.
3. Book: Palmer, Alan. Palmer. Veronica. 1992. The Chronology of British History. Century Ltd. London. 217–218. 0-7126-5616-2.
4. Book: Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 0-14-102715-0. 2006.
5. Unless the Battle of Graveney Marsh (1940) is counted.
6. Web site: middle class, n. and adj.. Oxford English Dictionary online version. March 2012. Oxford University Press. 2012-05-18.
7. Book: Bradshaw, James. A scheme to prevent the running of Irish wools to France: and Irish woollen goods to foreign countries. By prohibiting the importation of Spanish wools into Ireland, ... Humbly offered to the consideration of Parliament. By a Merchant of London. 1745. London. printed for J. Smith, and G. Faulkner. 4–5.
8. Web site: Robert Walpole, 1st earl of Orford prime minister of Great Britain . Encyclopedia Britannica . 1 September 2021 . en.