1745 in Canada explained

Events from the year 1745 in Canada.

Incumbents

Louis XV[1]

George II[2]

Governors

Charles de la Boische, Marquis de Beauharnois

Pierre de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnial

Paul Mascarene

Richard Edwards

Events

Births

Historical documents

Pamphlet (written in January 1745) argues that Île-Royale must be captured to protect valuable fishery in Newfoundland[3]

Rising British Army officer says few provisions, little gunpowder, poor discipline and leadership, and exposed defences make Louisbourg vulnerable[4]

Massachusetts government moves (relatively) quickly to mount military expedition to take Louisbourg and Île-Royale[5]

Siege of Louisbourg ends with French defenders and British invaders agreeing to capitulation and transfer of French to France at British expense[6]

Governor William Shirley sends report and journal of Louisbourg siege, including details of soldiers' extremely heavy labour[7]

"God fought for us" - Sermon crediting Providence for so many advantages of preparation, execution and luck leading to fall of Louisbourg[8]

Photo: Monument erected by Society of Colonial Wars to the memory of New England soldiers killed at Louisbourg during siege of 1745[9]

During siege, whaleboats were loaded with ladders and 500 soldiers and marines to take Louisbourg's Island Battery, but fog prevented attempt[10]

"After a Dance this Day, they fell upon him" - Report of torture killing of British soldier captured near Louisbourg[11]

"The Inhabitants were strangely surpris'd" - fire ship loaded with gunpowder used to damage King's Gate and other structures in Louisbourg[12]

"A great deal of ill usage" - Reports of local Indigenous people being abused by British authorities after siege (Note: "savages" used)[13]

Loss of Louisbourg eliminates France's benefit from rich North American fishery trade to Catholic Europe (Note: "savages" used)[14]

Nova Scotia Council president Mascarene assures Acadians that none who are of mixed European and Indigenous origin will be scalped[15]

Acadians supplying provisions to occupied Louisbourg threatened by its local Indigenous people, but those in Nova Scotia want peace[16]

Council advised from Chignecto that Jean-Louis Le Loutre has arrived there from Quebec "with presents for the Indians"[17]

Mascarene sternly cautions Acadians for seeking Le Loutre's permission to supply Annapolis, and then letting "11 or 12 Indians" stop them[18]

Uncooperative and hostile actions of Acadians (listed from 1710) make them, if not "utter Enemies," then "unprofitable Inhabitants"[19]

Quebec leaders report almost all Acadians desire "French Dominion" while amassing money as "a resource for an evil day"[20]

Joseph Robson investigates lower Nelson River for its usefulness to Hudson's Bay Company[21]

Joseph Robson's argument for building Hudson's Bay Company forts of stone, not wood[22]

Map of New France covers from Grand Banks to Pays d'en Haut to Baffin Bay[23]

English translation of Alain-René Lesage's fictionalized version of Canadian soldier/adventurer Beauchêne's exploits is published in London[24]

Notes and References

  1. Guéganic (2008), p. 13.
  2. Web site: 30 December 2015 . George I . 18 April 2016 . Official web site of the British monarchy.
  3. https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.20114/6?r=0&s=1 Considerations on the State of the British Fisheries in America
  4. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015005553774&view=1up&seq=209 Bradstreet account
  5. https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.20233/48?r=0&s=1 "About the Middle of January 1744/5"
  6. James Gibson, "Saturday 15" and "Sunday 16 [June]," A Journal of the Late Siege[...]against The French at Cape Breton[....] (1745), pgs. 34-5. (Surrender ceremony is held "with all the Decency and Decorum imaginable," but on arrival in France, British are imprisoned and mistreated) Accessed 14 October 2021
  7. https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.48172/6?r=0&s=1 A Letter from William Shirley, Esq.(...)to his Grace the Duke of Newcastle(....)
  8. Charles Chauncy, "I scarce know of a Conquest" Marvellous Things Done by the Right Hand and Holy Arm of God[....] (1745), pgs. 12-19. Accessed 14 October 2021
  9. http://collections.musee-mccord.qc.ca/en/collection/artifacts/CP713 Postcard
  10. James Gibson, "Thursday 23 [May]," A Journal of the Late Siege[...]against The French at Cape Breton[....] (1745), pg. 20. (Four days later, assault on Island Battery fails) Accessed 14 October 2021
  11. James Gibson, "Sunday 26 [May]," A Journal of the Late Siege[...]against The French at Cape Breton[....] (1745), pgs. 22-3. Accessed 14 October 2021
  12. James Gibson, "Dedication" (July 3, 1745), A Journal of the Late Siege[...]against The French at Cape Breton[....] (1745), pgs. vi-vii Accessed 13 October 2021
  13. https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.46065/78?r=0&s=1 "In the month of July, 1745"
  14. https://archive.org/details/cihm_47242/page/n31/mode/2up "A Computation of the French Fishery(...)
  15. https://archives.novascotia.ca/heartland/archives/?Number=Four&Page=54 Counsel meeting
  16. https://archives.novascotia.ca/heartland/archives/?Number=Four&Page=76 Council meeting
  17. https://archives.novascotia.ca/heartland/archives/?Number=Four&Page=79 Counsel meeting
  18. https://archives.novascotia.ca/deportation/archives/?Number=ONEI&Page=160 "Govr. Mascarene to Deputies of Mines"
  19. https://archives.novascotia.ca/heartland/archives/?Number=Four&Page=80 "Representation of the State of His Majesties Province of Nova Scotia"
  20. https://archives.novascotia.ca/deportation/archives/?Number=ONEI&Page=157 "From a letter of Messrs. DeBeauharnois and Hocquart to Count DeMaurepas"
  21. Joseph Robson, "In this interval of leisure" An Account of Six Years Residence in Hudson's-Bay (1759), pgs. 24-6. (See details in "The Soundings of Nelson-River") Accessed 19 October 2021
  22. Joseph Robson, "In the year 1745 I wrote a letter to the Company" An Account of Six Years Residence in Hudson's-Bay (1759), pgs. 32-4. Accessed 19 October 2021
  23. Guillaume de L'Isle, "Carte du Canada ou de la Nouvelle France et des Découvertes qui y ont été faites Dressée sur plusieurs Observations et sur un grand nombre de Relations imprimées ou manuscrites, 1745" McCord Museum. Accessed 18 October 2021
  24. https://digitalarchive.tpl.ca/objects/341339# The Adventures of Robert Chevalier, Call'd De Beauchene; Captain of a Privateer in New-France

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