1725 in Canada explained

Events from the year 1725 in Canada.

Incumbents

Louis XV[1]

George I[2]

Governors

Philippe de Rigaud Vaudreuil then Charles de la Boische, Marquis de Beauharnois

Pierre Dugué de Boisbriand

John Doucett

Samuel Gledhill

Events

Births

Historical documents

"No method can be so effectual" - Another call for Six Nations to come into war on side of Massachusetts against Indigenous people[3]

Massachusetts leader's update on war alleges Father Rasles refused "to give or take quarter" before his death[4]

Long letter of Fr. Rasles mentions champions, fires, scalps, wounded, plunder, ransom, and "a very great inclination for peace at Boston"[5]

Long letter of Gov. Vaudreuil mentions injustice, unreasonableness, pretension, confusion and trouble, sacrifice, threatenings, and cruelty[6]

Murderous kidnappers take New England women and children to Canada[7]

Île-Royale governor tells Nova Scotia councillors that Penobscot and Saint John River Indigenous people are "inured to war"[8]

Indigenous people in Nova Scotia "have shewed some inclinations of peace," but lieutenant governor wants to avoid separate peace[9]

Nova Scotia commissioner to Boston peace talks with Indigenous people is directed to encourage their intermarriage with British[10]

Promising peace, four Indigenous delegates sign treaty stating British "jurisdiction and dominion" over Nova Scotia[11]

New France laments loss of naval ship with all hands, death of Gov. Vaudreuil, and "much regretted" departure of Intendant Bégon[12]

Nova Scotia is "most commodious Colony for the fishing trade," with "greatest salmon fishery in the world"[13]

Summary of Nova Scotia events includes inhabitants in 1725 taking oath "to the Government" (by extortion, they say later)[14]

Île-Royale governor assures Nova Scotia lieutenant governor that no one supplies arms to Indigenous people (Note: "savage" used)[15]

Lt. Gov. Armstrong reports evidence of clandestine trade and secret introduction of "Missionary Priest" from Île-Royale[16]

Armstrong to assemble force (including Indigenous from New England) "to humble the vilanous french inhabitants as well as Indians"[17]

Book on war with "Eastern Indians" offers "a Narrative of Tragical Incursions perpetrated by Bloody Pagans[...]" (Note: racial stereotypes)[18]

Scores of Newfoundland taverns serve fishers on credit to point latter "have nothing left to carry them home" at season's end[19]

Newfoundlander's complaint of Placentia commander's assault on himself, wife and daughter, plus extortion (with supporting depositions)[20]

Scheme to put 100 blockhouses at back of colonies from Nova Scotia to South Carolina to prevent Indigenous attack[21]

Photograph: 1725 Kahnawake fortification wall[22]

Notes and References

  1. Guéganic (2008), p. 13.
  2. Gibbs, G. C. (September 2004; online edn, January 2006) "George I (1660–1727)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, . Retrieved 30 July 2007 (subscription required).
  3. https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol34/pp447-462 755 Letter of Council of Trade and Plantations
  4. https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol34/pp335-352 "558 Lt. Governor Dummer to the Council of Trade and Plantations"
  5. https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol34/pp425-447 "740 xii Father Rallé to another Priest, Narridgwalk 1/2 2/3rd Aug., 1724"
  6. https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol34/pp425-447 "740 xiv M. de Vaudreuil to Lt. Governor Dummer, Quebec, Oct. 29, 1724"
  7. https://www.torontopubliclibrary.ca/detail.jsp?Entt=RDMDC-37131055376685D&R=DC-37131055376685D An Account of the Captivity of Elizabeth Hanson, Late of Kachecky in New-England(...)
  8. https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol34/pp413-425 "718 viii Proceedings of Hibbert Newton and Capt. Bradstreet with the Governor of Cape Breton, on Aug. 19th, 1725"
  9. https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol34/pp413-425 "718 x Lt. Governor Armstrong to Lt. Govr. Dummer"
  10. https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol34/pp413-425 "718 vi Instructions of Major Paul Mascarene, 31st Aug., 1725(....)"
  11. https://archives.novascotia.ca/mikmaq/archives/?ID=615&Page=201605000&Transcript=1 "Articles of Submission & Agreements made at Boston(...)"
  12. "Extracts from the Journal of the Jesuits from the year 1710 to 1755," The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents[...]; Vol. LIX.; Lower Canada, Illinois, Ottawas; 1667-1669 [sic], pgs. 234-5. Accessed 22 March 2021 http://moses.creighton.edu/kripke/jesuitrelations/relations_69.html (scroll down to September, 1725)
  13. https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol34/pp413-425 "718 xii Observations made by Lt. Governor Armstrong(....)"
  14. https://archives.novascotia.ca/deportation/archives/?Number=ONEI&Page=159 "Extract from a Letter of Governor Mascarene(...)"
  15. https://archives.novascotia.ca/deportation/archives/?Number=ONEI&Page=63 Letter of St. Ovide de Brouillan
  16. https://archives.novascotia.ca/deportation/archives/?Number=ONEI&Page=64 Letter of Lawrence Armstrong
  17. https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol34/pp447-462 759 Letter of Lt. Gov. Armstrong
  18. Samuel Penhallow, The History of the Wars of New-England, With the Eastern Indians (1726) Accessed 18 March 2021
  19. "757 (a) Commodore Bouler's Answers to Heads of Enquiry relating to Trade and Fishery of Newfoundland (October 10, 1725), Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 34, 1724-1725. Accessed 23 March 2021 https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol34/pp447-462 (scroll down to "(xxxix)")
  20. https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol34/pp352-367 "562 Petition of Thomas Salmon to the Council of Trade and Plantations"
  21. https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol34/pp381-401 "663 Galfridus Gray to the Council of Trade and Plantations"
  22. http://collections.musee-mccord.qc.ca/scripts/large.php?Lang=1&accessnumber=MP-0000.115.7&idImage=149817 "Children at remains of fortification wall of 1725, Kahnawake, QC, about 1910"

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