1700 in science explained

The year 1700 in science and technology involved some significant events.

Exploration

• September 6 – Edmond Halley returns to England after a voyage of almost one year on HMS Paramour, from which he has observed the Antarctic Convergence,^[1] and publishes his findings on terrestrial magnetism in General Chart of the Variation of the Compass.

Geology

• January 26 – At approximately 9 p.m., the Cascadia earthquake occurs in the Pacific Northwest with an estimated moment magnitude of 8.7–9.2. This megathrust earthquake ruptures about 1000sp=usNaNsp=us of the Cascadia Subduction Zone and causes a tsunami that strikes the coast of Japan approximately 10 hours later.

Medicine

• Nicolas Andry publishes De la génération des vers dans les corps de l'homme, a pioneering text in the germ theory of disease.^[2]
• Bernardino Ramazzini publishes De Morbis Artificum Diatriba in Modena, a pioneering text in occupational medicine.

Technology

• approx. date – The clarinet might have been invented by the German flute maker Joseph Mamadski as a modification of the chalumeau, but it will not be until the late 18th century that composers include clarinets into their orchestrations.^[3]
• The piano, newly invented by Bartolomeo Cristofori, is listed in an inventory of musical instruments owned by the Medici.

Institutions

• July 11 – The Prussian Academy of Sciences is founded with Leibniz as president.^[4]

Births

• February 8 – Daniel Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician (died 1782)
• May 7 – Gerard van Swieten, Dutch-born physician (died 1772)
• November 19 – Jean-Antoine Nollet, French clergyman and physicist (died 1770)
• November 28 – Nathaniel Bliss, English astronomer (died 1764)
• Undated
  • William Braikenridge, Scottish clergyman and geometer (died 1762)^[5]
  • George Martine, Scottish physician and scientist (died 1741)^[6]

Deaths

• May 22 – Louis Jolliet, Canadian explorer (born 1645)
• June 1 – Willem ten Rhijne, Dutch doctor and botanist (born 1647)^[7]
• August 8 – Joseph Moxon, English mathematician (born 1627)
• Undated – Kamalakara, Indian astronomer and mathematician (born 1616)

Notes and References

1. Book: Gurney, Alan. Below the Convergence: Voyages Toward Antarctica, 1699-1839. Norton. New York. 1997. 0-393-03949-8. registration.
2. Book: Gee, Henry. Henry Gee

   . Henry Gee. Jacob's Ladder: the History of the Human Genome. registration. W. W. Norton. New York. 2004. 35–36. 978-0-393-05083-7.

3. Web site: A Short History. Clarinet Compendium. McKinney. Roger W. 4 January 2008 .
4. Web site: Berlin Academy of Science. O'Connor. John J.. Edmund F.. Robertson . MacTutor History of Mathematics. 4 January 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080112034735/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Societies/Berlin.html. 12 January 2008 . August 2004.
5. Web site: William Braikenridge. O'Connor. John J.. Edmund F.. Robertson. MacTutor History of Mathematics. 2008-01-04. November 1999. 2019-08-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20190827014808/http://www-groups.dcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Braikenridge.html. dead.
6. Anita. McConnell. Martine, George (1700–1741). 2004. Online. 2014-11-02. 10.1093/ref:odnb/18227.
7. Web site: The Galileo Project . 2022-01-01 . galileo.rice.edu.