September 16 Explained

Events

Pre-1600

• 681  - Pope Honorius I is posthumously excommunicated by the Sixth Ecumenical Council.
• 1400  - Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers.

1601–1900

• 1620  - Pilgrims set sail for Virginia from Plymouth, England in the Mayflower.^[1]
• 1701  - James Francis Edward Stuart, sometimes called the "Old Pretender", becomes the Jacobite claimant to the thrones of England and Scotland.
• 1732  - In Campo Maior, Portugal, a storm hits the Armory and a violent explosion ensues, killing two-thirds of its inhabitants.
• 1776  - American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Harlem Heights is fought.
• 1779  - American Revolutionary War: The Franco-American Siege of Savannah begins.
• 1810  - With the Grito de Dolores, Father Miguel Hidalgo begins Mexico's fight for independence from Spain.
• 1822  - French physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel, in a "note" read to the Academy of Sciences, reports a direct refraction experiment verifying David Brewster's hypothesis that photoelasticity (as it is now known) is stress-induced birefringence.^[2]
• 1863  - Robert College, in Istanbul, the first American educational institution outside the United States, is founded by Christopher Robert, an American philanthropist.
• 1880  - The Cornell Daily Sun prints its first issue in Ithaca, New York.
• 1893  - Settlers make a land run for prime land in the Cherokee Strip in Oklahoma.

1901–present

• 1908  - The General Motors Corporation is founded.
• 1914  - World War I: The Siege of Przemyśl (present-day Poland) begins.
• 1920  - The Wall Street bombing: A bomb in a horse wagon explodes in front of the J. P. Morgan building in New York City killing 38 and injuring 400.
• 1940  - World War II: Italian troops conquer Sidi Barrani.
• 1943  - World War II: The German Tenth Army reports that it can no longer contain the Allied bridgehead around Salerno.
• 1945  - World War II: The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong comes to an end.
• 1953  - American Airlines Flight 723 crashes in Colonie, New York, killing 28 people.^[3]
• 1955  - The military coup to unseat President Juan Perón of Argentina is launched at midnight.
• 1955  - A Soviet Zulu-class submarine becomes the first to launch a ballistic missile.
• 1956  - TCN-9 Sydney is the first Australian television station to commence regular broadcasts.
• 1959  - The first successful photocopier, the Xerox 914, is introduced in a demonstration on live television from New York City.
• 1961  - The United States National Hurricane Research Project drops eight cylinders of silver iodide into the eyewall of Hurricane Esther. Wind speed reduces by 10%, giving rise to Project Stormfury.
• 1961  - Typhoon Nancy, with possibly the strongest winds ever measured in a tropical cyclone, makes landfall in Osaka, Japan, killing 173 people.
• 1961  - Pakistan establishes its Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission with Abdus Salam as its head.
• 1963  - Malaysia is formed from the Federation of Malaya, Singapore, North Borneo (Sabah) and Sarawak. However, Singapore is soon expelled from this new country.
• 1966  - The Metropolitan Opera House opens at Lincoln Center in New York City with the world premiere of Samuel Barber's opera Antony and Cleopatra.
• 1970  - King Hussein of Jordan declares war against the Palestine Liberation Organization, the conflict came to be known as Black September.
• 1975  - Papua New Guinea gains independence from Australia.
• 1975  - Cape Verde, Mozambique, and São Tomé and Príncipe join the United Nations.
• 1975  - The first prototype of the Mikoyan MiG-31 interceptor makes its maiden flight.
• 1976  - Armenian champion swimmer Shavarsh Karapetyan saves 20 people from a trolleybus that had fallen into a Yerevan reservoir.
• 1978  - The 7.4 Tabas earthquake affects the city of Tabas, Iran with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). At least 15,000 people are killed.
• 1979  - Eight people escape from East Germany to the west in a homemade hot air balloon.
• 1982  - Lebanon War: The Sabra and Shatila massacre in Lebanon takes place.
• 1987  - The Montreal Protocol is signed to protect the ozone layer from depletion.
• 1990  - The railroad between the People's Republic of China and Kazakhstan is completed at Dostyk, adding a sizable link to the concept of the Eurasian Land Bridge.
• 1992  - The trial of the deposed Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega ends in the United States with a 40-year sentence for drug trafficking and money laundering.
• 1992  - Black Wednesday: The British pound is forced out of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism by currency speculators and is forced to devalue against the German mark.
• 1994  - The British government lifts the broadcasting ban imposed against members of Sinn Féin and Irish paramilitary groups in 1988.
• 1996  - Space Shuttle Atlantis is launched on STS-79 to dock to the Russian space station Mir.^[4]
• 2004  - Hurricane Ivan makes landfall in Gulf Shores, Alabama as a Category 3 hurricane.
• 2005  - The Camorra organized crime boss Paolo Di Lauro is arrested in Naples, Italy.
• 2007  - One-Two-Go Airlines Flight 269 carrying 130 crew and passengers crashes in Thailand, killing 90 people.
• 2007  - Security guards working for Blackwater Worldwide shoot and kill 17 Iraqis in Nisour Square, Baghdad.
• 2013  - A gunman kills twelve people at the Washington Navy Yard in Washington, D.C.^[5]
• 2014  - The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant launches its Kobani offensive against Syrian–Kurdish forces.
• 2015  - A 8.3 earthquake strikes the Chilean city of Illapel, killing 15 people, injuring at least 34, leaving at least six missing, and causing extensive damage. One person also dies in Argentina.^[6]
• 2019  - Five months before the COVID-19 stock market crash, an overnight spike in lending rates in the United States prompts the Federal Reserve to conduct operations in the repo market.
• 2021  - A 6.0 earthquake strikes Lu County, Sichuan, China, killing three and injuring more than 88.^[7]
• 2022  - During the Let Yet Kone massacre, the Burmese military kills 13 villagers, including eight children, after attacking a school in Sagaing Region, Myanmar.^[8]
• 2022  - The death of Mahsa Amini occurred, which sparked worldwide protests.^[9]

Births

Pre-1600

• AD 16  - Julia Drusilla, Roman daughter of Germanicus (d. 38)
• 508  - Yuan Di, emperor of the Liang dynasty (d. 555)
• 1295  - Elizabeth de Clare, English noblewoman (d. 1360)^[10]
• 1386  - Henry V of England (d. 1422)^[11]
• 1462  - Pietro Pomponazzi, Italian philosopher (d. 1525)^[12]
• 1507  - Jiajing Emperor of China (d. 1567)
• 1541  - Walter Devereux, 1st Earl of Essex, English nobleman (d. 1576)
• 1557  - Jacques Mauduit, French composer (d. 1627)

1601–1900

• 1615  - Heinrich Bach, German organist and composer (d. 1692)
• 1625  - Gregorio Barbarigo, Roman Catholic saint (d. 1697)
• 1651  - Engelbert Kaempfer, German physician and botanist (d. 1716)
• 1666  - Antoine Parent, French mathematician and theorist (d. 1716)
• 1678  - Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke, English philosopher and politician, Secretary of State for the Southern Department (d. 1751)
• 1716  - Angelo Maria Amorevoli, Italian tenor and actor (d. 1798)
• 1722  - Gabriel Christie, Scottish-Canadian general (d. 1799)
• 1725  - Nicolas Desmarest, French geologist, zoologist, and author (d. 1815)
• 1745  - Mikhail Kutuzov, Russian field marshal (d. 1813)^[13]
• 1777  - Nathan Mayer Rothschild, German-English banker and financier (d. 1836)
• 1782  - Daoguang Emperor of China (d. 1850)
• 1812  - Anna Louisa Geertruida Bosboom-Toussaint, Dutch novelist (d. 1886)^[14]
• 1822  - Charles Crocker, American businessman (d. 1888)^[15]
• 1823  - Francis Parkman, American historian and author (d. 1893)
• 1823  - Ludwik Teichmann, Polish anatomist (d. 1895)^[16]
• 1827  - Jean Albert Gaudry, French geologist and paleontologist (d. 1908)
• 1828  - Per Pålsson, Swedish murderer (d. 1914)
• 1830  - Patrick Francis Moran, Irish-Australian cardinal (d. 1911)
• 1837  - Pedro V of Portugal (d. 1861)
• 1838  - James J. Hill, Canadian-American railroad executive (d. 1916)
• 1844  - Paul Taffanel, French flute player and conductor (d. 1908)
• 1846  - Anna Kingsford, English author, poet, and activist (d. 1888)
• 1853  - Albrecht Kossel, German physician and biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1927)
• 1858  - Edward Marshall Hall, English lawyer and politician (d. 1927)
• 1858  - Bonar Law, Canadian-Scottish banker and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1923)
• 1859  - Yuan Shikai, Chinese general and politician, President of the Republic of China (d. 1916)
• 1861  - Miriam Benjamin, African-American educator and inventor (d. 1947)
• 1866  - Georg Voigt, German lawyer and politician, Mayor of Marburg (d. 1927)
• 1870  - John Pius Boland, Irish tennis player and politician (d. 1958)
• 1875  - James Cash Penney, American businessman and philanthropist, founded J. C. Penney (d. 1971)
• 1876  - Marvin Hart, American boxer (d. 1931)
• 1877  - Jacob Schick, American-Canadian inventor and businessman, founded Schick Razors (d. 1937)
• 1878  - Karl Albiker, German sculptor, lithographer, and educator (d. 1961)
• 1880  - Clara Ayres, American nurse (d. 1917)
• 1880  - Alfred Noyes, English author, poet, and playwright (d. 1958)
• 1881  - Clive Bell, English philosopher and critic (d. 1964)
• 1883  - T. E. Hulme, English poet and critic (d. 1917)
• 1886  - Jean Arp, Alsatian sculptor and painter (d. 1966)
• 1887  - Nadia Boulanger, French composer and educator (d. 1979)^[17]
• 1888  - W. O. Bentley, English race car driver and engineer, founded Bentley Motors Limited (d. 1971)
• 1888  - Frans Eemil Sillanpää, Finnish author, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1964)
• 1890  - Avigdor Hameiri, Israeli author (d. 1970)
• 1891  - Karl Dönitz, German admiral and politician, President of Germany (d. 1980)
• 1891  - Stephanie von Hohenlohe, Austrian-German spy (d. 1972)
• 1893  - Alexander Korda, Hungarian-English director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1956)
• 1893  - Albert Szent-Györgyi, Hungarian-American physiologist and biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1986)
• 1895  - Zainal Abidin Ahmad, Malaysian author and scholar (d. 1973)
• 1897  - Milt Franklyn, American composer (d. 1962)
• 1898  - H. A. Rey, American author and illustrator, co-created Curious George (d. 1977)
• 1899  - Hans Swarowsky, Hungarian-Austrian conductor and educator (d. 1975)

1901–present

• 1901  - Josef Schächter, Austrian rabbi and philosopher from the Vienna Circle (d. 1994)
• 1905  - Vladimír Holan, Czech poet and author (d. 1980)
• 1906  - Jack Churchill, Sri Lankan-British colonel (d. 1996)
• 1910  - Erich Kempka, German colonel and chauffeur (d. 1975)
• 1910  - Karl Kling, German race car driver and manager (d. 2003)
• 1911  - Wilfred Burchett, Australian journalist and author (d. 1983)
• 1911  - Paul Henning, American screenwriter and producer (d. 2005)
• 1914  - Allen Funt, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1999)
• 1915  - Cy Walter, American pianist (d. 1968)
• 1916  - Robert Llewellyn Bradshaw, Caribbean politician, 1st Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (d. 1978)
• 1916  - Frank Farrell, Australian rugby league player and policeman (d. 1985)
• 1916  - M. S. Subbulakshmi, Indian Carnatic vocalist (d. 2004)
• 1916  - Frank Leslie Walcott, Barbadian cricketer, umpire, and politician (d. 1999)
• 1916  - Marie Vieux-Chauvet, Haitian writer (d. 1973)^[18]
• 1916  - Raosaheb Gogte, Indian industrialist (d. 2000)^[19]
• 1918  - Władysław Kędra, Polish pianist (d. 1968)
• 1919  - Bill Daley, American football player and sportscaster (d. 2015)
• 1919  - Laurence J. Peter, Canadian-American hierarchiologist and educator (d. 1990)
• 1919  - Andy Russell, American singer and actor (d. 1992)
• 1920  - Staryl C. Austin, American air force general (d. 2015)
• 1920  - Sheila Quinn, English nurse and educator (d. 2016)
• 1920  - Art Sansom, American cartoonist (d. 1991)
• 1921  - Ursula Franklin, German-Canadian metallurgist (d. 2016)
• 1921  - Jon Hendricks, American singer-songwriter (d. 2017)
• 1921  - Korla Pandit, American pianist and composer (d. 1998)
• 1922  - Guy Hamilton, French-English director and screenwriter (d. 2016)
• 1922  - Janis Paige, American actress and singer (d. 2024) ^[20]
• 1923  - Lee Kuan Yew, Singaporean lawyer and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Singapore (d. 2015)
• 1924  - Lauren Bacall, American actress (d. 2014)^[21]
• 1924  - Raoul Coutard, French cinematographer and director (d. 2016)^[22]
• 1925  - Charlie Byrd, American singer and guitarist (d. 1999)
• 1925  - Charles Haughey, Irish accountant, lawyer, and politician, 7th Taoiseach of Ireland (d. 2006)
• 1925  - B.B. King, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (d. 2015)
• 1926  - Eric Gross, Austrian-Australian pianist and composer (d. 2011)
• 1926  - John Knowles, American novelist (d. 2001)
• 1926  - Roger McKee, American baseball player (d. 2014)
• 1926  - Robert H. Schuller, American pastor and author (d. 2015)
• 1927  - Peter Falk, American actor (d. 2011)
• 1927  - Jack Kelly, American actor and politician (d. 1992)
• 1927  - Sadako Ogata, Japanese academic and diplomat, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (d. 2019)
• 1928  - Rex Trailer, American television host, actor, and singer (d. 2013)
• 1928  - Lady Gwen Thompson, English author and educator (d. 1986)
• 1928  - Patricia Wald, American judge (d. 2019)
• 1929  - Jamshid bin Abdullah of Zanzibar, last sultan of Zanzibar
• 1929  - Stan Stephens, Canadian-American politician, 20th Governor of Montana (d. 2021)
• 1930  - Anne Francis, American actress (d. 2011)
• 1931  - K. D. Arulpragasam, Sri Lankan zoologist and academic (d. 2003)
• 1931  - Little Willie Littlefield, American-Dutch singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 2013)
• 1932  - George Chakiris, American actor
• 1932  - Micky Stewart, English cricketer and coach
• 1933  - Steve Shirley, German-English businesswoman and philanthropist, founded Xansa
• 1934  - Elgin Baylor, American basketball player and coach (d. 2021)
• 1934  - Ronnie Drew, Irish singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2008)
• 1935  - Carl Andre, American sculptor (d. 2024)
• 1935  - Billy Boy Arnold, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1935  - Jules Bass, American director, producer, composer, and author (d. 2022)^[23]
• 1935  - Lilia Cuntapay, Filipino actress (d. 2016)^{[24] [25]}
• 1935  - Bob Kiley, American-English businessman (d. 2016)
• 1935  - Esther Vilar, Argentinian-German author and playwright^[26]
• 1935  - Helen Williams, American fashion model (d. 2023)^[27]
• 1937  - Aleksandr Medved, Russian wrestler
• 1937  - Vince Naimoli, American businessman and philanthropist (d. 2019)
• 1939  - Breyten Breytenbach, South African-French poet and painter
• 1939  - Bill McGill, American basketball player (d. 2014)
• 1940  - Hamiet Bluiett, American jazz saxophonist and composer (d. 2018)
• 1940  - Butch Buchholz, American tennis player
• 1941  - Joe Butler, American singer, autoharp player, and drummer
• 1941  - Richard Perle, American political scientist and politician
• 1942  - Bernie Calvert, English bass player and keyboard player
• 1942  - Susan L. Graham, American computer scientist and academic
• 1943  - Wang Houjun, Chinese footballer and manager (d. 2012)
• 1943  - James Alan McPherson, American short story writer and essayist (d. 2016)
• 1944  - Linda Kaye Henning, American actress
• 1944  - Betty Kelly, American soul/R&B singer
• 1946  - Sonny LeMaire, American country music singer-songwriter and bass player
• 1946  - Mike Reynolds, Australian lawyer and politician
• 1946  - Camilo Sesto, Spanish singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2019)
• 1947  - Dusty Hughes, English director and playwright
• 1948  - Ron Blair, American bass player
• 1948  - Rosemary Casals, American tennis player and sportscaster
• 1948  - Julia Donaldson, English author and playwright
• 1948  - Kenney Jones, English drummer
• 1948  - Susan Ruttan, American actress
• 1949  - Ed Begley Jr., American actor and environmental activist^[28]
• 1950  - David Bellamy, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1950  - Henry Louis Gates Jr., American historian, scholar, and journalist
• 1950  - Loyd Grossman, American-English singer, guitarist, and television host
• 1951  - Vince Bell, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1951  - Andy Irvine, Scottish rugby player and coach
• 1951  - Cornelius Sim, Bruneian cardinal^[29] (d. 2021)
• 1952  - Tony Cunningham, English educator and politician
• 1952  - Česlovas Laurinavičius, Lithuanian historian
• 1952  - Karen Muir, South African swimmer and physician (d. 2013)
• 1952  - Mickey Rourke, American boxer and actor
• 1953  - Kurt Fuller, American character actor
• 1953  - Alan Barton, English singer and guitarist (d. 1995)
• 1953  - Nancy Huston, Canadian-American author and translator
• 1953  - Earl Klugh, American musician
• 1953  - Mark Malloch Brown, Baron Malloch-Brown, English journalist and politician, 2nd Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations
• 1953  - Jerry Pate, American golfer and sportscaster
• 1953  - Manuel Pellegrini, Chilean footballer and manager
• 1953  - Christopher Rich, American actor
• 1953  - Eric Vail, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster
• 1954  - Sanjoy Bandopadhyay, Indian sitar player and composer
• 1954  - William McKeen, American author and academic
• 1954  - Colin Newman, English singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer
• 1954  - Frank Reed, American singer-songwriter (d. 2014)
• 1954  - Roger Woolley, Australian cricketer
• 1955  - Ron Brewer, American basketball player
• 1955  - Robin Yount, American baseball player and coach
• 1956  - Maggie Atkinson, English educator and civil servant
• 1956  - David Copperfield, American magician and actor
• 1956  - Ross Greenberg, American journalist and antivirus pioneer (d. 2017)
• 1956  - Dave Schulthise, American bass player (d. 2004)
• 1956  - Kazuharu Sonoda, Japanese wrestler (d. 1987)
• 1957  - D. C. Drake, American wrestler
• 1957  - Clara Furse, English businesswoman
• 1957  - Norman Lamb, English lawyer and politician
• 1957  - David McCreery, Northern Irish footballer and manager
• 1957  - Anca Parghel, Romanian singer and pianist (d. 2008)
• 1958  - Orel Hershiser, American baseball player and coach
• 1958  - Neville Southall, Welsh footballer and manager
• 1958  - Jennifer Tilly, American actress and poker player
• 1959  - Peter Keleghan, Canadian actor and screenwriter
• 1959  - Tim Raines, American baseball player, coach, and manager
• 1959  - Dave Richardson, South African cricketer, manager, and lawyer
• 1959  - Victory Tischler-Blue, American bass player, director, and producer
• 1960  - Jayne Brook, American actress
• 1960  - Graham Haynes, American trumpet player and composer
• 1960  - Mike Mignola, American author and illustrator
• 1961  - Bilinda Butcher, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1961  - Philip Lafon, Canadian wrestler
• 1961  - Annamária Szalai, Hungarian journalist, economist, and politician (d. 2013)
• 1962  - Seth, Canadian author and illustrator
• 1963  - Richard Marx, American singer-songwriter and producer
• 1964  - Mary Coustas, Australian actress and screenwriter
• 1964  - Rossy de Palma, Spanish-French model and actress
• 1964  - Dave Sabo, American guitarist and songwriter
• 1964  - Molly Shannon, American actress, comedian and producer
• 1965  - Katy Kurtzman, American actress and producer
• 1965  - Karl-Heinz Riedle, German footballer and manager
• 1965  - Stephen Shareaux, American singer-songwriter
• 1966  - John Bel Edwards, American attorney and politician
• 1966  - Wil McCarthy, American author and playwright
• 1966  - Kevin Young, American hurdler
• 1967  - Hiroya Oku, Japanese author and illustrator
• 1967  - Damon Thayer, Kentucky State Senate Majority Leader^[30]
• 1968  - Marc Anthony, American singer-songwriter, actor, and producer
• 1968  - Walt Becker, American director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1968  - Tommy Keane, Irish footballer (d. 2012)
• 1969  - Justine Frischmann, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1969  - Janno Gibbs, Filipino singer-songwriter and actor
• 1970  - Mark Schultz, American singer-songwriter
• 1971  - Joel Heyman, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
• 1971  - Charlie Jacobs, American businessman
• 1971  - Amy Poehler, American actress, comedian, and producer
• 1971  - Richard Slinger, American wrestler
• 1971  - Shawntel Smith, American beauty pageant contestant
• 1972  - Mark Bruener, American football player
• 1972  - Mike Doyle, American actor and producer
• 1972  - Alessandro Nunziati, Italian singer-songwriter and producer
• 1973  - George Corrie, English footballer
• 1973  - Camiel Eurlings, Dutch businessman and member of the International Olympic Committee
• 1973  - Justin Haythe, American author and screenwriter
• 1973  - Alexander Vinokourov, Kazakh cyclist and manager
• 1974  - Loona, Dutch singer-songwriter and dancer
• 1974  - Monique Brumby, Australian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1974  - Joaquin Castro, American lawyer and politician
• 1974  - Julian Castro, American lawyer and politician, 16th United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
• 1975  - Jason Leffler, American race car driver (d. 2013)
• 1975  - Shannon Noll, Australian singer-songwriter
• 1975  - Toks Olagundoye, Nigerian actress
• 1976  - Elīna Garanča, Latvian soprano
• 1976  - Tina Barrett, English singer-songwriter, dancer, and actress
• 1976  - Greg Buckner, American basketball player and coach
• 1977  - Gregory Ball, American captain and politician
• 1977  - Musiq Soulchild, American singer-songwriter
• 1978  - Dan Dickau, American basketball player and coach
• 1978  - Claudia Marx, German runner
• 1978  - Sensei, Mexican wrestler
• 1978  - Brian Sims, American lawyer, politician, and LGBT activist
• 1979  - Fanny, French singer
• 1979  - Bobby Korecky, American baseball player
• 1979  - Flo Rida, American rapper, singer, and songwriter
• 1980  - Patrik Štefan, Czech ice hockey player
• 1980  - Kenny van Weeghel, Dutch wheelchair racer
• 1981  - Fan Bingbing, Chinese actress, singer, and producer
• 1981  - Alexis Bledel, American actress
• 1981  - LaVerne Jones-Ferrette, Virgin Islander sprinter
• 1982  - Leon Knight, English footballer
• 1982  - Michele Rizzo, Italian rugby player
• 1982  - Fiete Sykora, German footballer
• 1982  - Ryan Thomson, Scottish footballer
• 1983  - John Afoa, New Zealand rugby player
• 1983  - Katerine Avgoustakis, Belgian singer and pianist
• 1983  - Jennifer Blake, Canadian wrestler
• 1983  - Kirsty Coventry, Zimbabwean swimmer
• 1983  - Brandon Moss, American baseball player
• 1983  - Legedu Naanee, American football player
• 1984  - Sabrina Bryan, American singer-songwriter, dancer, and actress
• 1984  - Serginho Catarinense, Brazilian footballer
• 1984  - Katie Melua, Georgian-English singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1985  - Matt Harrison, American baseball player^[31]
• 1985  - Max Minghella, English actor
• 1985  - Madeline Zima, American actress
• 1986  - Gordon Beckham, American baseball player
• 1986  - Ian Harding, American actor
• 1986  - Kyla Pratt, American actress and singer
• 1987  - Merve Boluğur, Turkish actress
• 1987  - Kyle Lafferty, Irish footballer
• 1987  - Louis Ngwat-Mahop, Cameroonian footballer
• 1987  - Burry Stander, South African cyclist (d. 2013)
• 1987  - Travis Wall, American dancer and choreographer
• 1988  - Teddy Geiger, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actress
• 1989  - Lancelot Bravado, American wrestler
• 1989  - Bailey De Young, American actress
• 1989  - Robbie Grossman, American baseball player^[32]
• 1989  - Braden Holtby, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1989  - Salomón Rondón, Venezuelan footballer
• 1989  - Dustin Tokarski, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1991  - Diāna Bukājeva, Latvian tennis player
• 1991  - Alexandra Paul, Canadian figure skater (d. 2023)
• 1991  - Kyle Smith, English motorcycle racer
• 1992  - Vytenis Čižauskas, Lithuanian basketball player
• 1992  - Nick Jonas, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1992  - Jake Roche, English singer-songwriter and actor
• 1992  - Chase Stokes, American actor
• 1993  - Sam Byram, English footballer
• 1994  - Anthony Mantha, Canadian ice hockey player^[33]
• 1994  - Mitchell Moses, Australian rugby league player
• 1995  - Aaron Gordon, American basketball player^[34]
• 1997  - Jackie Young, American basketball player^[35]
• 1999  - Brady Tkachuk, American ice hockey player^[36]
• 2000  - Sam Howell, American football player^[37]
• 2001  - Avishag Semberg, Israeli Olympic taekwondo bronze medalist^[38]
• 2003  - Ryan Couchman, Australian rugby league player^[39]
• 2003  - Toby Couchman, Australian rugby league player^[40]

Deaths

Pre-1600

• 307  - Flavius Valerius Severus, Roman emperor
  • 655  - Pope Martin I 1087  - Pope Victor III (b. 1026)
• 1100  - Bernold of Constance, German priest and historian (b. 1054)
• 1122  - Vitalis of Savigny, Catholic French saint and itinerant preacher (b. 1060)^[41]
• 1226  - Pandulf Verraccio, Roman ecclesiastical politician
• 1343  - Philip III of Navarre (b. 1306)
• 1345  - John IV, Duke of Brittany (b. 1295)
• 1360  - William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton (b. 1319)
• 1380  - Charles V of France (b. 1338)
• 1394  - Antipope Clement VII (b. 1342)
• 1406  - Cyprian, Metropolitan of Moscow (b. 1336)
• 1498  - Tomás de Torquemada, Spanish friar (b. 1420)
• 1581  - Peter Niers, notorious German bandit (date of birth unknown)
• 1583  - Catherine Jagiellon, queen of John III of Sweden (b. 1526)
• 1589  - Michael Baius, Belgian theologian and academic (b. 1513)

1601–1900

• 1607  - Mary Stuart, English-Scottish princess (b. 1605)
• 1672  - Anne Bradstreet, English poet (b. 1612)
• 1701  - James II of England (b. 1633)
• 1736  - Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit, Polish-Dutch physicist and engineer, invented the thermometer (b. 1686)
• 1792  - Nguyễn Huệ, Vietnamese emperor (b. 1753)
• 1803  - Nicolas Baudin, French explorer, hydrographer, and cartographer (b. 1754)
• 1819  - John Jeffries, American physician and surgeon (b. 1744)
• 1824  - Louis XVIII of France (b. 1755)
• 1843  - Ezekiel Hart, Canadian businessman and politician (b. 1770)
• 1845  - Thomas Davis, Irish poet and publisher (b. 1814)
• 1865  - Christian de Meza, Danish general (b. 1792)
• 1887  - Sakaigawa Namiemon, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 14th Yokozuna (b. 1841)
• 1896  - Antônio Carlos Gomes, Brazilian composer (b. 1836)
• 1896  - Pavlos Kalligas, Greek jurist and politician, Foreign Minister of Greece (b. 1814)
• 1898  - Ramón Emeterio Betances, Puerto Rican surgeon and politician (b. 1827)

1901–present

• 1911  - Edward Whymper, English-French mountaineer, explorer, and author (b. 1840)
• 1914  - C. X. Larrabee, American businessman (b. 1843)
• 1919  - Maria Nikiforova, Ukrainian anarchist partisan leader (b. 1885)^[42]
• 1925  - Leo Fall, Czech-Austrian composer (b. 1873)
• 1925  - Alexander Friedmann, Russian physicist and mathematician (b. 1888)
• 1931  - Omar Mukhtar, Libyan theorist and educator (b. 1862)
• 1932  - Millicent Lilian "Peg" Entwistle, British stage and screen actress (b. 1908)
• 1932  - Ronald Ross, Indian-English physician and mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1857)
• 1933  - George Gore, American baseball player and manager (b. 1857)
• 1936  - Jean-Baptiste Charcot, French physician and explorer (b. 1867)
• 1940  - Charles Cochrane-Baillie, 2nd Baron Lamington, English-Scottish politician, 8th Governor of Queensland (b. 1860)
• 1944  - Gustav Bauer, German journalist and politician, 11th Chancellor of Germany (b. 1870)
• 1945  - John McCormack, Irish tenor and actor (b. 1884)
• 1946  - James Hopwood Jeans, English physicist, astronomer, and mathematician (b. 1877)
• 1950  - Pedro de Cordoba, American actor (b. 1881)
• 1955  - Leo Amery, Indian-English journalist and politician, Secretary of State for the Colonies (b. 1873)
• 1961  - Hasan Polatkan, Turkish politician, 15th Turkish Minister of Finance (b. 1915)
• 1961  - Fatin Rüştü Zorlu, Turkish diplomat and politician, 21st Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1910)
• 1965  - Ahn Eak-tai, North Korean composer and conductor (b. 1906)
• 1965  - Fred Quimby, American animator and producer (b. 1886)
• 1973  - Víctor Jara, Chilean singer-songwriter, teacher and theatre director (b. 1932)
• 1976  - Bertha Lutz, Brazilian feminist and scientist (b. 1894)
• 1977  - Marc Bolan, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1947)
• 1977  - Maria Callas, Greek operatic soprano (b. 1923)
• 1980  - Jean Piaget, Swiss psychologist and philosopher (b. 1896)
• 1984  - Louis Réard, French engineer and fashion designer, created the bikini (b. 1897)
• 1984  - Richard Brautigan, American novelist, poet, and short story writer (b. 1935)
• 1987  - Christopher Soames, English soldier and politician, Governor of Southern Rhodesia (b. 1920)
• 1991  - Olga Spessivtseva, Russian-American ballerina (b. 1895)
• 1992  - Millicent Fenwick, American journalist and politician (b. 1910)
• 1993  - František Jílek, Czech conductor (b. 1913)
• 1993  - Oodgeroo Noonuccal, Australian poet and activist (b. 1920)
• 1996  - McGeorge Bundy, American intelligence officer and diplomat, 6th United States National Security Advisor (b. 1919)
• 1996  - Gene Nelson, American actor, dancer, and director (b. 1920)
• 2001  - Samuel Z. Arkoff, American producer (b. 1918)
• 2002  - James Gregory, American actor (b. 1911)
• 2003  - Sheb Wooley, American singer-songwriter (b. 1921)
• 2004  - Michael Donaghy, American-English poet and author (b. 1954)
• 2005  - Harry Freedman, Canadian horn player, composer, and educator (b. 1922)
• 2005  - Gordon Gould, American physicist and academic, invented the laser (b. 1920)
• 2006  - Floyd Curry, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1925)
• 2006  - Zsuzsa Körmöczy, Hungarian tennis player and coach (b. 1924)^[43]
• 2007  - Robert Jordan, American engineer and author (b. 1948)
• 2008  - Norman Whitfield, American songwriter and producer (b. 1940)
• 2009  - Myles Brand, American philosopher and academic (b. 1942)
• 2009  - Ernst Märzendorfer, Austrian conductor (b. 1921)
• 2009  - Mary Travers, American singer-songwriter (b. 1936)
• 2010  - George N. Parks, American educator and bandleader (b. 1953)
• 2010  - Jim Towers, English footballer (b. 1933)
• 2011  - Willie "Big Eyes" Smith, American singer-songwriter, harmonica player, and drummer (b. 1936)
• 2011  - Enamul Haque Chowdhury, Bangladeshi politician (b. 1948)
• 2012  - Roman Kroitor, Canadian director and producer, co-founded IMAX (b. 1926)
• 2012  - Julien J. LeBourgeois, American admiral (b. 1923)
• 2012  - Friedrich Zimmermann, German lawyer and politician, German Federal Minister of the Interior (b. 1925)
• 2013  - Scott Adams, American football player (b. 1966)
• 2013  - Ratiba El-Hefny, Egyptian soprano and director (b. 1931)
• 2013  - Patsy Swayze, American dancer and choreographer (b. 1927)
• 2015  - Guy Béart, Egyptian-French singer-songwriter (b. 1930)
• 2015  - Julio Brady, Virgin Islander lawyer, judge, and politician, 5th Lieutenant Governor of the United States Virgin Islands (b. 1942)
• 2015  - Kurt Oppelt, Austrian figure skater and coach (b. 1932)
• 2015  - Allan Wright, English captain and pilot (b. 1920)
• 2016  - Edward Albee, American director and playwright (b. 1928)
• 2016  - Gabriele Amorth, Italian priest and exorcist (b. 1925)
• 2016  - Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, Italian economist and politician, 10th President of Italy and 49th Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1920)
• 2016  - W. P. Kinsella, American novelist (b. 1935)
• 2016  - António Mascarenhas Monteiro, Cabo Verdean politician, 2nd President of Cape Verde (b. 1944)
• 2016  - Gérard Louis-Dreyfus, French-born American businessman (b. 1932)
• 2017  - Marcelo Rezende, Brazilian journalist (b. 1951)
• 2017  - Arjan Singh, Marshal of the Indian Air Force (b. 1919)
• 2018  - James Burdette Thayer, American brigadier general (b. 1920)
• 2019  - H. S. Dillon, Indonesian politician and human rights defender (b. 1945)
• 2020  - Maxim Martsinkevich, Russian social activist and media personality (b. 1984) ^[44]
• 2021  - Jane Powell, American actress (b. 1929)^[45]
• 2021  - Clive Sinclair, English entrepreneur and inventor (b. 1940)^[46]

Holidays and observances

• Christian feast day:
  • Andrew Kim Taegon (one of The Korean Martyrs)
  • Curcodomus
  • Cyprian (Catholic Church)
  • Edith of Wilton
  • Euphemia
  • Ludmila
  • Ninian
  • Pope Cornelius
  • Vitalis of Savigny
  • September 16 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics).
• Cry of Dolores, celebrates the declaration of independence of Mexico from Spain in 1810. See Fiestas Patrias
• Independence Day (Papua New Guinea), celebrates the independence of Papua New Guinea from Australia in 1975.
• International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer^[47]
• Malaysian Armed Forces Day (Malaysia)
• Malaysia Day (Malaysia)
• Martyrs' Day (Libya)
• National Heroes Day (Saint Kitts and Nevis)

External links

• Web site: On This Day . BBC.
  • Web site: Historical Events on September 16 . OnThisDay.com.

Notes and References

1. Book: Legrand, Jacques. Chronicle of the World. Ecam Publication. 1989. 238. 0-13-133463-8.
2. A. Fresnel, "Note sur la double réfraction du verre comprimé" (read 16 September 1822), Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Ser. 2, vol. 20, pp. 376–83 (nominally for August 1822); reprinted in H. de Senarmont, E. Verdet, and L. Fresnel (eds.), Oeuvres complètes d'Augustin Fresnel, vol. 1 (1866), pp. 713–18; translated as "Note on the double refraction of compressed glass",, 2021 (open access).
3. Web site: Ranter . Harro . ASN Aircraft accident Convair CV-240-0 N94255 Albany Airport, NY (ALB) . September 15, 2022 . aviation-safety.net.
4. Web site: STS-79 (79) . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070518135705/http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-79/mission-sts-79.html . May 18, 2007 . December 20, 2011 . National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
5. News: Starr. Barbara. Shoichet. Catherine E.. Brown. Pamela. 12 victims slain in Navy Yard shooting rampage; dead suspect ID'd. CNN. September 16, 2013. September 16, 2023.
6. Web site: M 8.3 - 48 km W of Illapel, Chile . September 10, 2022. earthquake.usgs.gov. en.
7. Web site: September 16, 2021. Earthquake shakes China's Sichuan province, killing 3 and injuring 88 . September 19, 2021. South China Morning Post. en.
8. Web site: November 23, 2022 . The Tabayin School Attack . March 2, 2023 . Myanmar Witness . en.
9. News: 2022-09-16 . Fury in Iran as young woman dies following morality police arrest . en-GB . BBC News . 2022-12-11.
10. Book: The Legacy of the de Lacy, Lacey, Lacy Family, 1066-1994. 1994. Gerry Lacey. 59.
11. Book: Curry, A. . 2013 . The Making of a Prince: The Finances of 'the young lord Henry', 1386–1400 . Gwilym Dodd . Henry V: New Interpretations . York Medieval Press . 978-1-903153-46-8 . 11 . Anne Curry.
12. Book: Martin L. Pine. Pietro Pomponazzi: Radical Philosopher of the Renaissance. 1986. Antenore. 48. 9788884554024.
13. Book: Grossman . Mark . World Military Leaders: A Biographical Dictionary . 2007 . Infobase Publishing . 978-0-8160-7477-8 . September 5, 2020 . en.
14. Book: Van Gemert, Lia. Women's Writing from the Low Countries 1200-1875: A Bilingual Anthology. Amsterdam. Amsterdam University Press. 2011. 528. 978-9-08964-129-8.
15. News: Obituary. Charles Crocker. 4 April 2018. The New York Times. 15 August 1888.
16. Web site: Ludwik Karol Teichmann. khm.cm-uj.krakow.pl. pl. August 20, 2019.
17. Book: Lavezzoli, Peter. The Dawn of Indian Music in the West. London. Continuum. 2007. 978-0-82642-819-6. 126.
18. Web site: Marie Vieux-Chauvet. WorldCat. June 10, 2023 . live . June 10, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230610111002/https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJm4PX7JBFXhmpP7vGdJDq.html.
19. Book: Gogte Kulavruttanta. Gogte Committee. 2006. Pune. 445. mr. The Gogte Family Genealogy Almanac. Belgav Gharana, Dusra. The 2nd House of Belgaum.
20. News: Gates . Anita . 2024-06-03 . Janis Paige, Star of Broadway’s ‘The Pajama Game,’ Is Dead at 101 . 2024-06-04 . The New York Times . en-US . 0362-4331.
21. Web site: Famous birthdays for Sept. 16: Nick Jonas, Mickey Rourke . . 14 September 2023 . 16 September 2022.
22. Web site: Williams . James S . Raoul Coutard obituary . the Guardian . 2016-11-09 . 2024-03-21.
23. Web site: Jules Bass, Producer Behind the 'Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer' and 'Frosty the Snowman' TV Specials, Dies at 87 . . October 25, 2022 . October 28, 2022.
24. News: 'Horror Queen' Lilia Cuntapay, yumao na. fil. October 28, 2022. August 20, 2016. ABS-CBN News.
25. News: GMA News . Lilia Cuntapay of PHL horror film series dies at 80 . GMA Network . October 28, 2022 . August 20, 2016.
26. Web site: Stichtag - 16. September 1935 - Geburtstag von Esther Vilar. September 16, 2020. www1.wdr.de.
27. News: Helen Williams, Top Model in a Segregated Era, Is Dead at 87. Green. Penelope. The New York Times. November 2, 2023. November 5, 2023.
28. Web site: Rose . Mike . Today's famous birthdays list for September 16, 2022 includes celebrities Molly Shannon, Richard Marx . . . 14 September 2023 . 16 September 2022.
29. Web site: SIM Card. Cornelius . 14 January 2023 . Holy See Press Office . 29 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201129021843/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_sim_c.html . live .
30. Web site: Meet Damon. Thayer for. Senate. damonthayer.com. August 10, 2023 .
31. Web site: Matt Harrison . . 14 September 2023.
32. Web site: Robbie Grossman . . 14 September 2023.
33. Web site: Anthony Mantha . . 14 September 2023.
34. Web site: Aaron Gordon . . 14 September 2023.
35. Web site: Jackie Young . . 14 September 2023.
36. Web site: Brady Tkachuk . . 14 September 2023.
37. Web site: Sam Howell Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Draft, College . pro-football-reference.com . 16 September 2023.
38. Web site: TaekwondoData. TaekwondoData.
39. Web site: Ryan Couchman - Playing Career - RLP. www.rugbyleagueproject.org.
40. Web site: Toby Couchman - Playing Career - RLP. www.rugbyleagueproject.org.
41. Book: Feiss . Hugh . O'Brien . Maureen M. . Pepin . Ronald . The Lives of Monastic Reformers 2: Abbot Vitalis of Savigny, Abbot Godfrey of Savigny, Peter of Avranches, and Blessed Hamo . November 2014 . Liturgical Press . 9780879076931 . March 8, 2023.
42. Book: Archibald, Malcolm. Atamansha: the Story of Maria Nikiforova, the Anarchist Joan of Arc. Black Cat Press. Dublin. 2007. 41–42. 978-0-9737827-0-7. 239359065.
43. Web site: Sport - Tenisz - Körmöczy Zsuzsa. MTVA Archívum.
44. News: Notorious Antigay Russian Ultranationalist Found Dead In Jail Cell . . September 16, 2020 . October 9, 2020 . en.
45. Web site: Evans. Greg. September 16, 2021. Jane Powell Dies: Hollywood Golden Age Actress & 'Royal Wedding' Star Was 92. live. September 20, 2021. Deadline. en-US. September 27, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210927231205/https://deadline.com/2021/09/jane-powell-dead-obituary-actress-royal-wedding-seven-brides-for-seven-brothers-was-92-1234838168/.
46. News: Sir Clive Sinclair . Stephan . Bates . September 17, 2021 . September 17, 2021 . The Guardian.
47. Web site: International Days . www.un.org . January 2, 2021 . en . January 6, 2015.