November 16 Explained

Events

Pre-1600

• 951  - Emperor Li Jing sends a Southern Tang expeditionary force of 10,000 men under Bian Hao to conquer Chu. Li Jing removes the ruling family to his own capital in Nanjing, ending the Chu Kingdom.
• 1272  - While travelling during the Ninth Crusade, Prince Edward becomes King of England upon Henry III of England's death, but he will not return to England for nearly two years to assume the throne.
• 1491  - An auto-da-fé, held in the Brasero de la Dehesa outside of Ávila, concludes the case of the Holy Child of La Guardia with the public execution of several Jewish and converso suspects.
• 1532  - Francisco Pizarro and his men capture Inca Emperor Atahualpa at the Battle of Cajamarca.

1601–1900

• 1632  - King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden was killed at the Battle of Lützen during the Thirty Years' War.
• 1776  - American Revolutionary War: British and Hessian units capture Fort Washington from the Patriots.
• 1793  - French Revolution: Ninety dissident Roman Catholic priests are executed by drowning at Nantes.
• 1797  - The Prussian heir apparent, Frederick William, becomes King of Prussia as Frederick William III.
• 1805  - Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Schöngrabern: Russian forces under Pyotr Bagration delay the pursuit by French troops under Joachim Murat.
• 1822  - American Old West: Missouri trader William Becknell arrives in Santa Fe, New Mexico, over a route that became known as the Santa Fe Trail.
• 1828  - Greek War of Independence: The London Protocol entails the creation of an autonomous Greek state under Ottoman suzerainty, encompassing the Morea and the Cyclades.
• 1849  - A Russian court sentences writer Fyodor Dostoyevsky to death for anti-government activities linked to a radical intellectual group; his sentence is later commuted to hard labor.
• 1855  - David Livingstone becomes the first European to see the Victoria Falls in what is now Zambia-Zimbabwe.
• 1857  - Second relief of Lucknow: Twenty-four Victoria Crosses are awarded, the most in a single day.
• 1863  - American Civil War: In the Battle of Campbell's Station, Confederate troops unsuccessfully attack Union forces which allows General Ambrose Burnside to secure Knoxville, Tennessee.
• 1871  - The National Rifle Association of America receives its charter from New York State.
• 1885  - Canadian rebel leader of the Métis and "Father of Manitoba" Louis Riel is executed for treason.

1901–present

• 1904  - English engineer John Ambrose Fleming receives a patent for the thermionic valve (vacuum tube).
• 1907  - Indian Territory and Oklahoma Territory join to form Oklahoma, which is admitted as the 46th U.S. state.
• 1914  - The Federal Reserve Bank of the United States officially opens.
• 1920  - Qantas, Australia's national airline, is founded as Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Services Limited.
• 1933  - The United States and the Soviet Union establish formal diplomatic relations.
• 1938  - LSD is first synthesized by Albert Hofmann from ergotamine at the Sandoz Laboratories in Basel.^[1]
• 1940  - World War II: In response to the leveling of Coventry by the German Luftwaffe two days before, the Royal Air Force bombs Hamburg.
• 1940  - The Holocaust: In occupied Poland, the Nazis close off the Warsaw Ghetto from the outside world.
• 1940  - New York City's "Mad Bomber" George Metesky places his first bomb at a Manhattan office building used by Consolidated Edison.
• 1944  - World War II: In support of the Battle of Hürtgen Forest, the town of Düren is destroyed by Allied aircraft.
• 1944  - The Jussi Awards, the Finnish film award ceremony, is held for the first time at Restaurant Adlon in Helsinki.^[2]
• 1945  - UNESCO is founded.^[3]
• 1958  - National Airlines Flight 967 explodes in mid-air over the Gulf of Mexico, killing all 42 aboard.
• 1959  - Aeroflot Flight 315 crashes on approach to Lviv Airport, killing all 40 people on board.^[4]
• 1965  - Venera program: The Soviet Union launches the Venera 3 space probe toward Venus, which will be the first spacecraft to reach the surface of another planet.
• 1967  - Aeroflot Flight 2230 crashes near Koltsovo Airport, killing 107.^[5]
• 1973  - Skylab program: NASA launches Skylab 4 with a crew of three astronauts from Cape Canaveral, Florida for an 84-day mission.^[6]
• 1973  - U.S. President Richard Nixon signs the Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act into law, authorizing the construction of the Alaska Pipeline.^[7]
• 1974  - The Arecibo message is broadcast from Puerto Rico.
• 1979  - The first line of Bucharest Metro (Line M1) is opened from Timpuri Noi to Semănătoarea in Bucharest, Romania.
• 1981  - Aeroflot Flight 3603 crashes during landing at Norilsk Airport, killing 99.
• 1988  - The Supreme Soviet of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic declares that Estonia is "sovereign" but stops short of declaring independence.
• 1988  - In the first open election in more than a decade, voters in Pakistan elect populist candidate Benazir Bhutto to be Prime Minister of Pakistan.
• 1989  - El Salvadoran army troops kill six Jesuit priests and two others at Jose Simeon Canas University.
• 1990  - Pop group Milli Vanilli are stripped of their Grammy Award because the duo did not sing at all on the Girl You Know It's True album. Session musicians had provided all the vocals.
• 1992  - The Hoxne Hoard is discovered by metal detectorist Eric Lawes in Hoxne, Suffolk.
• 1997  - After nearly 18 years of incarceration, China releases Wei Jingsheng, a pro-democracy dissident, from jail for medical reasons.
• 2002  - The first cases of the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak are traced to Foshan, Guangdong Province, China.^[8]
• 2004  - Half-Life 2 is released, a game winning 39 Game of the Year awards and being cited as one of the best games ever made.
• 2005  - Following a 31-year wait, Australia defeats Uruguay in a penalty shootout to qualify for the 2006 FIFA World Cup.^[9]
• 2009  - Space Shuttle program: Space Shuttle Atlantis is launched on mission STS-129 to the International Space Station.^[10]
• 2022  - Artemis Program: NASA launches Artemis 1 on the first flight of the Space Launch System, the start of the program's future missions to the moon.^[11]

Births

Pre-1600

• 42 BC  - Tiberius, Roman emperor (d. 37 AD)^[12]
• 1436  - Leonardo Loredan, Italian ruler (d. 1521)^[13]
• 1457  - Beatrice of Naples, Hungarian queen (d. 1508)^[14]
• 1466  - Francesco Cattani da Diacceto, Florentine philosopher (d. 1522)
• 1483  - Elisabeth of the Palatinate, Landgravine of Hesse, German noble (d. 1522)
• 1528  - Jeanne d'Albret, Queen of Navarre (d. 1572)^[15]
• 1531  - Anna d'Este, Duchess consort of Nemours (d. 1607)^[16]
• 1538  - Saint Turibius of Mongrovejo, Spanish Grand Inquisitioner, Archbishop of Lima (d. 1606)
• 1540  - Princess Cecilia of Sweden (d. 1627)^[17]
• 1566  - Anna Juliana Gonzaga, Archduchess of Austria and nun (d. 1621)
• 1569  - Paul Sartorius, German organist and composer (d. 1609)

1601–1900

• 1603  - Augustyn Kordecki, Polish monk (d. 1673)
• 1643  - Jean Chardin, French-English jeweler and explorer (d. 1703)
• 1648  - Charles Duncombe, English banker and politician (d. 1711)
• 1715  - Girolamo Abos, Maltese-Italian composer and educator (d. 1760)
• 1717  - Jean le Rond d'Alembert, French mathematician, physicist, and philosopher (d. 1793)
• 1720  - Carlo Antonio Campioni, French-Italian composer (d. 1788)
• 1750  - Edward Law, 1st Baron Ellenborough, English lawyer, judge, and politician (d. 1818)
• 1753  - James McHenry, Irish-American surgeon and politician (d. 1816)
• 1758  - Peter Andreas Heiberg, Danish philologist and author (d. 1841)
• 1774  - Georg von Cancrin, German-Russian Minister of Finance (d. 1845)
• 1793  - Francis Danby, Irish painter of the Romantic era (d. 1861)
• 1806  - Mary Tyler Peabody Mann, American author and educator (d. 1887)
• 1807  - Jónas Hallgrímsson, Icelandic poet, author and naturalist (d. 1845)
• 1811  - John Bright, English academic and politician (d. 1889)
• 1836  - Kalākaua of Hawaii (d. 1891)
• 1839  - Louis-Honoré Fréchette, Canadian poet, author, and politician (d. 1908)
• 1841  - Jules Violle, French physicist and academic (d. 1923)
• 1847  - Edmund James Flynn, Canadian lawyer and politician (d. 1927)
• 1851  - Minnie Hauk, American-Swiss soprano and actress (d. 1929)
• 1856  - Jürgen Kröger, German architect (d. 1928)
• 1861  - Luigi Facta, Italian politician and journalist (d. 1930)
• 1861  - Georgina Febres-Cordero, Venezuelan nun (d. 1925)^[18]
• 1862  - Charles Turner, Australian cricketer (d. 1944)^[19]
• 1873  - W. C. Handy, American trumpet player and composer (d. 1958)
• 1874  - Alexander Kolchak, Russian admiral and explorer (d. 1920)
• 1883  - Emil Breitkreutz, American runner and coach (d. 1972)
• 1888  - Luis Cluzeau Mortet, Uruguayan pianist and composer (d. 1957)
• 1889  - George S. Kaufman, American director, producer, and playwright (d. 1961)
• 1889  - Dietrich Kraiß, German general (d. 1944)
• 1890  - Elpidio Quirino, 6th President of the Philippines (d. 1956)
• 1892  - Guo Moruo, Chinese historian, author, and poet (d. 1978)
• 1892  - Tazio Nuvolari, Italian race car driver and motorcycle racer (d. 1953)
• 1894  - Bobby Cruickshank, American golfer (d. 1975)
• 1894  - Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi, Austrian philosopher and politician (d. 1972)
• 1895  - Paul Hindemith, German composer, violist and conductor (d. 1963)^[20]
• 1896  - Joan Lindsay, Australian author and critic (d. 1984)^[21]
• 1896  - Oswald Mosley, English fascist leader and politician (d. 1980)
• 1896  - Lawrence Tibbett, American actor and singer (d. 1960)
• 1897  - Choudhry Rahmat Ali, Indian-Pakistani academic (d. 1951)
• 1899  - Mary Margaret McBride, American radio host (d. 1976)
• 1900  - Eliška Junková, Czechoslovakian race car driver (d. 1994)

1901–present

• 1904  - Nnamdi Azikiwe, Nigerian statesman, 1st President of Nigeria (d. 1996)
• 1905  - Eddie Condon, American guitarist and banjo player (d. 1973)^[22]
• 1907  - Burgess Meredith, American actor, singer, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1997)^[23]
• 1909  - Mirza Nasir Ahmad, Indian-Pakistani religious leader (d. 1982)
• 1912  - George O. Petrie, American actor and director (d. 1997)
• 1912  - W. E. D. Ross, Canadian actor, playwright, and author (d. 1995)
• 1913  - Ellen Albertini Dow, American actress (d. 2015)^[24]
• 1914  - Eddie Chapman, English spy (d. 1997)
• 1915  - Jean Fritz, Chinese-American author (d. 2017)^[25]
• 1916  - Harold Baigent, New Zealand actor and director (d. 1996)
• 1916  - Daws Butler, American voice actor and singer (d. 1988)
• 1916  - Al Lucas, Canadian-American bassist (d. 1983)
• 1922  - Gene Amdahl, American computer scientist, physicist, and engineer (d. 2015)
• 1922  - José Saramago, Portuguese novelist and Nobel laureate in Literature (d. 2010)
• 1924  - Sam Farber, American businessman (d. 2013)
• 1924  - Mel Patton, American sprinter and coach (d. 2014)
• 1927  - Dolo Coker, American pianist and composer (d. 1983)
• 1928  - Clu Gulager, American actor and director (d. 2022)
• 1929  - Peter Boizot, English businessman (d. 2018)
• 1930  - Chinua Achebe, Nigerian novelist, poet, and critic (d. 2013)
• 1930  - Paul Foytack, American baseball player (d. 2021)
• 1930  - Salvatore Riina, Italian mob boss (d. 2017)
• 1931  - Luciano Bottaro, Italian author and illustrator (d. 2006)
• 1931  - Hubert Sumlin, American singer and guitarist (d. 2011)
• 1933  - Garnet Mimms, American R&B singer
• 1935  - Elizabeth Drew, American journalist and author
• 1935  - Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah, Iraqi-Lebanese cleric, educator, and author (d. 2010)
• 1935  - Magdi Yacoub, Egyptian-English surgeon and academic
• 1936  - John Moore, Australian businessman and politician
• 1937  - Alan Budd, English economist and academic (d. 2023)
• 1938  - Ahmed Bouanani, Moroccan filmmaker (d. 2011)
• 1938  - Kang Ning-hsiang, Taiwanese politician
• 1938  - Walter Learning, Canadian actor (d. 2020)
• 1938  - Robert Nozick, American philosopher, author, and academic (d. 2002)
• 1938  - Troy Seals, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1939  - Michael Billington, English author and critic
• 1940  - Donna McKechnie, American actress, singer, and dancer
• 1941  - Angelo Gilardino, Italian guitarist, composer, and musicologist (d. 2022)
• 1941  - Gerry Marshall, English race car driver (d. 2005)
• 1941  - Dan Penn, American singer-songwriter and producer
• 1942  - Willie Carson, Scottish jockey and sportscaster
• 1942  - Joanna Pettet, English-Canadian actress
• 1944  - Oliver Braddick, English psychologist and academic (d. 2022)
• 1945  - Teenie Hodges, American guitarist and songwriter (d. 2014)
• 1945  - Lynn Hunt, American historian, author, and academic
• 1945  - Steve Railsback, American actor
• 1946  - Colin Burgess, Australian drummer and songwriter (d. 2023)
• 1946  - Terence McKenna, American botanist, philosopher, and author (d. 2000)
• 1946  - Barbara Smith, American writer^[26]
• 1946  - Beverly Smith, American writer
• 1946  - Jo Jo White, American basketball player and coach (d. 2018)
• 1947  - Omar Ruiz Hernández, Cuban journalist and activist
• 1948  - Horst Bertram, German footballer and manager (d. 2023)
• 1948  - Chi Coltrane, American singer-songwriter and pianist
• 1948  - Bonnie Greer, American-English playwright and critic
• 1948  - Ken James, Australian actor
• 1950  - Harvey Martin, American football player (d. 2001)^[27]
• 1950  - Manuel Zamora, Filipino farmer and politician
• 1951  - Andy Dalton, New Zealand rugby player
• 1951  - Miguel Sandoval, American actor
• 1952  - Shigeru Miyamoto, Japanese video game designer
• 1953  - Griff Rhys Jones, Welsh comedian, actor, and author
• 1954  - Andrea Barrett, American novelist and short story writer^[28]
• 1954  - Dick Gross, Australian lawyer and politician
• 1955  - Héctor Cúper, Argentine footballer, coach, and manager
• 1955  - Pierre Larouche, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1955  - Guillermo Lasso, Ecuadoran businessman, 47th President of Ecuador^[29]
• 1955  - Jun Kunimura, Japanese actor
• 1955  - Esteban Trapiello, Venezuelan businessman^[30]
• 1956  - Terry Labonte, American race car driver and businessman
• 1957  - Jacques Gamblin, French actor
• 1958  - Marg Helgenberger, American actress
• 1958  - Boris Krivokapić, Serbian author and academic
• 1959  - Glenda Bailey, English journalist
• 1959  - Francis M. Fesmire, American cardiologist and physician (d. 2014)
• 1961  - Frank Bruno, English boxer
• 1962  - Darwyn Cooke, Canadian writer and artist (d. 2016)
• 1962  - Mani, English bass player
• 1963  - Steve Argüelles, English drummer and producer
• 1963  - William Bonner, Brazilian newscaster, publicist and journalist
• 1963  - Zina Garrison, American tennis player
• 1964  - Waheed Alli, Baron Alli, English businessman and politician
• 1964  - Valeria Bruni Tedeschi, Italian-French actress, director, and screenwriter
• 1964  - Dwight Gooden, American baseball player^[31]
• 1964  - Diana Krall, Canadian singer-songwriter and pianist^[32]
• 1964  - Harry Lennix, American actor
• 1964  - Maeve Quinlan, American actress
• 1965  - Mika Aaltonen, Finnish footballer
• 1966  - Joey Cape, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1966  - Dave Kushner, American guitarist
• 1966  - Christian Lorenz, German keyboard player
• 1966  - Dean McDermott, Canadian-American actor and producer
• 1966  - Tahir Shah, English journalist, author, and explorer
• 1967  - Craig Arnold, American poet and academic (d. 2009)
• 1967  - Lisa Bonet, American actress and director
• 1968  - Tammy Lauren, American actress
• 1968  - Shobha Nagi Reddy, Indian politician (d. 2014)
• 1968  - Melvin Stewart, American swimmer
• 1970  - Logan Mader, Canadian-American guitarist and producer
• 1970  - Martha Plimpton, American actress
• 1971  - Tanja Damaske, German javelin thrower and shot putter
• 1971  - Mustapha Hadji, Moroccan footballer and manager
• 1971  - Annely Peebo, Estonian soprano and actress
• 1971  - Alexander Popov, Russian swimmer and coach
• 1971  - Waqar Younis, Pakistani cricketer and coach
• 1972  - Missi Pyle, American actress and singer
• 1973  - Christian Horner, English race car driver and manager
• 1973  - Brendan Laney, New Zealand-Scottish rugby player and sportscaster
• 1974  - Brooke Elliott, American actress and singer
• 1974  - Maurizio Margaglio, Italian ice dancer and coach
• 1974  - Paul Scholes, English footballer and sportscaster
• 1975  - Julio Lugo, Dominican baseball player (d. 2021)
• 1975  - Yuki Uchida, Japanese actress, model, and singer
• 1976  - Dan Black, English singer-songwriter
• 1976  - Juha Pasoja, Finnish footballer
• 1976  - Martijn Zuijdweg, Dutch swimmer
• 1977  - Oksana Baiul, Ukrainian-American figure skater
• 1977  - Gigi Edgley, Australian singer-songwriter and actress
• 1977  - Maggie Gyllenhaal, American actress and singer
• 1977  - Mauricio Ochmann, Mexican actor and producer
• 1978  - Kip Bouknight, American baseball player
• 1978  - Mehtap Doğan-Sızmaz, Turkish runner
• 1978  - Takashi Nagayama, Japanese actor
• 1978  - Gary Naysmith, Scottish footballer and manager
• 1978  - Carolina Parra, Brazilian guitarist and drummer
• 1979  - Bruce Irons, American surfer
• 1980  - Moris Carrozzieri, Italian footballer
• 1980  - Kayte Christensen, American basketball player
• 1980  - Nicole Gius, Italian skier
• 1980  - Carol Huynh, Canadian wrestler
• 1980  - Hasan Üçüncü, Turkish footballer
• 1981  - Fernando Cabrera, Puerto Rican baseball player
• 1981  - Allison Crowe, Canadian singer-songwriter
• 1981  - Caitlin Glass, American voice actress, singer, and director
• 1981  - Kate Miller-Heidke, Australian singer-songwriter
• 1981  - Osi Umenyiora, English-American football player
• 1982  - Nonito Donaire, Filipino-American boxer
• 1982  - Jannie du Plessis, South African rugby player
• 1982  - Ronald Pognon, French sprinter
• 1982  - Amar'e Stoudemire, American-Israeli basketball player
• 1983  - Kool A.D., American rapper
• 1983  - Kari Lehtonen, Finnish ice hockey player
• 1983  - Britta Steffen, German swimmer
• 1984  - Gemma Atkinson, English model and actress
• 1984  - Kimberly J. Brown, American actress
• 1984  - Mark Bunn, English footballer
• 1984  - Tamawashi Ichiro, Mongolian sumo wrestler
• 1985  - Aditya Roy Kapur, Indian actor
• 1985  - Sanna Marin, Finnish politician, former Prime Minister of Finland^[33]
• 1986  - Omar Mateen, Islamic terrorist, perpetrator of the Orlando nightclub shooting^[34] (d. 2016)^[35]
• 1986  - Maxime Médard, French rugby player
• 1987  - Eitan Tibi, Israeli footballer
• 1987  - Jordan Walden, American baseball player
• 1989  - Iamsu!, American rapper and producer
• 1990  - Arjo Atayde, Filipino actor
• 1990  - Dénes Dibusz, Hungarian football player
• 1991  - Nemanja Gudelj, Serbian footballer^[36]
• 1991  - Tomomi Kasai, Japanese actress and singer
• 1992  - George Akpabio, Nigerian footballer
• 1992  - Matthew Allwood, Australian rugby league player
• 1992  - Marcelo Brozović, Croatian footballer^[37]
• 1992  - Shane Prince, American-Belarusian ice hockey player^[38]
• 1993  - C. J. Beathard, American football player^[39]
• 1993  - Pete Davidson, American comedian and actor
• 1993  - Nélson Semedo, Portuguese footballer^[40]
• 1993  - Denzel Valentine, American basketball player^[41]
• 1994  - Brandon Larracuente, American actor
• 1994  - Yoshiki Yamamoto, Japanese footballer
• 1995  - Noah Gray-Cabey, American actor and pianist
• 1995  - André-Frank Zambo Anguissa, Cameroonian footballer^[42]
• 1996  - Boulaye Dia, Senegalese footballer^[43]
• 1997  - Bruno Guimarães, Brazilian footballer^[44]
• 1999  - Bol Bol, South Sudanese-American basketball player^[45]
• 1999  - Mats Wieffer, Dutch footballer^[46]
• 2000  - Josh Green, Australian basketball player^[47]
• 2006  - Mason Ramsey, American singer^[48]

Deaths

Pre-1600

• 897  - Gu Yanhui, Chinese warlord
• 987  - Shen Lun, Chinese scholar-official
• 1005  - Ælfric of Abingdon, Archbishop of Canterbury
• 1093  - Saint Margaret of Scotland (b. 1045)^[49]
• 1131  - Dobrodeia of Kiev, Rus princess and author of medical books
• 1240  - Edmund Rich, English archbishop and saint (b. 1175)
• 1240  - Ibn Arabi, Andalusian Arab philosopher (b. 1165)
• 1264  - Emperor Lizong of Song China (b. 1205)^[50]
• 1272  - Henry III of England (b. 1207)^[51]
• 1322  - Nasr, Sultan of Granada (b. 1287)^[52]
• 1328  - Prince Hisaaki, Japanese shōgun (b. 1276)
• 1464  - John, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (b. 1406)
• 1494  - Theda Ukena, German noble (b. 1432)
• 1580  - Marie of Baden-Sponheim, German Noblewoman (b. 1507)

1601–1900

• 1601  - Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland (b. 1542)
• 1603  - Pierre Charron, French Catholic theologian and philosopher (b. 1541)
• 1613  - Trajano Boccalini, Italian author and educator (b. 1556)
• 1625  - Sofonisba Anguissola, Italian painter (b. c. 1532)
• 1628  - Paolo Quagliati, Italian organist and composer (b. 1555)
• 1688  - Bengt Gottfried Forselius, Swedish-Estonian scholar and author (b. 1660)
• 1695  - Pierre Nicole, French philosopher and author (b. 1625)
• 1724  - Jack Sheppard, English criminal (b. 1702)^[53]
• 1745  - James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde, Irish general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1665)
• 1773  - John Hawkesworth, English journalist and author (b. 1715)
• 1779  - Pehr Kalm, Finnish botanist and explorer (b. 1716)
• 1790  - Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer, American politician (b. 1723)
• 1797  - Frederick William II of Prussia (b. 1744)
• 1802  - André Michaux, French botanist and explorer (b. 1746)
• 1806  - Moses Cleaveland, American general, lawyer, and politician, founded Cleveland, Ohio (b. 1754)
• 1808  - Mustafa IV, Ottoman sultan (b. 1779)
• 1836  - Christiaan Hendrik Persoon, South African-French mycologist and academic (b. 1761)
• 1878  - Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine (b. 1874)
• 1884  - František Chvostek, Czech-Austrian soldier and physician (b. 1835)
• 1885  - Louis Riel, Canadian lawyer and politician (b. 1844)

1901–present

• 1903  - Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine (b. 1895)
• 1907  - Robert I, Duke of Parma (b. 1848)
• 1908  - Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière, French-Canadian lawyer and politician, 4th Premier of Quebec (b. 1829)
• 1911  - A. A. Ames, American physician and politician, 9th Mayor of Minneapolis (b. 1842)
• 1911  - Lawrence Feuerbach, American shot putter (b. 1879)
• 1913  - George Barham, English businessman, founded Express County Milk Supply Company (b. 1836)
• 1922  - Max Abraham, Polish-German physicist and academic (b. 1875)
• 1939  - Pierce Butler, American lawyer and jurist (b. 1866)
• 1941  - Eduard Eelma, Estonian footballer (b. 1902)
• 1941  - Miina Härma, Estonian organist, composer, and conductor (b. 1864)^[54]
• 1947  - Giuseppe Volpi, Italian businessman and politician, founded the Venice Film Festival (b. 1877)
• 1950  - Bob Smith, American physician and surgeon, co-founded Alcoholics Anonymous (b. 1879)
• 1956  - Ōtori Tanigorō, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 24th Yokozuna (b. 1887)
• 1960  - Clark Gable, American actor (b. 1901)^[55]
• 1961  - Sam Rayburn, American lawyer and politician, 48th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (b. 1882)
• 1964  - Donald C. Peattie, American botanist and author (b. 1898)
• 1971  - Edie Sedgwick, American model and actress (b. 1943)
• 1972  - Vera Karalli, Russian ballerina and actress (b. 1889)
• 1973  - Alan Watts, English-American philosopher, author, and educator (b. 1915)
• 1974  - Walther Meissner, German physicist and engineer (b. 1882)
• 1976  - Jack Foster, English cricketer (b. 1905)
• 1982  - Pavel Alexandrov, Russian mathematician and academic (b. 1896)
• 1984  - Vic Dickenson, American trombonist (b. 1906)
• 1986  - Siobhán McKenna, Irish actress (b. 1923)
• 1986  - Panditrao Agashe, Indian businessman (b. 1936)^[56]
• 1987  - Jim Brewer, American baseball player and coach (b. 1937)
• 1989  - Jean-Claude Malépart, Canadian lawyer and politician (b. 1938)
• 1990  - Ege Bagatur, Turkish politician (b. 1937)
• 1993  - Lucia Popp, Slovak-German soprano (b. 1939)
• 1993  - Achille Zavatta, Tunisia-born French clown (b. 1915)
• 1994  - Chet Powers, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1943)
• 1999  - Daniel Nathans, American microbiologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1928)
• 2000  - Robert Earl Davis, American hip-hop artist (b. 1971)
• 2000  - Ahmet Kaya, Turkish-French singer-songwriter (b. 1957)
• 2001  - Tommy Flanagan, American pianist and composer (b. 1930)
• 2005  - Ralph Edwards, American radio and television host and producer (b. 1913)
• 2005  - Henry Taube, Canadian-American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1915)
• 2005  - Donald Watson, English activist, founded the Vegan Society (b. 1910)
• 2006  - Milton Friedman, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1912)
• 2006  - Yuri Levada, Russian sociologist and political scientist (b. 1930)
• 2007  - Harold Alfond, American businessman (b. 1914)
• 2007  - Grethe Kausland, Norwegian actress and singer (b. 1947)
• 2007  - Trond Kirkvaag, Norwegian actor and screenwriter (b. 1946)
• 2007  - Vernon Scannell, English boxer, poet, and author (b. 1922)
• 2008  - Jan Krugier; Polish-Swiss art dealer (b. 1928)
• 2008  - Reg Varney, English actor and screenwriter (b. 1916)
• 2009  - Antonio de Nigris, Mexican footballer (b. 1978)
• 2009  - Sergei Magnitsky, Ukrainian-Russian accountant and lawyer (b. 1972)
• 2009  - Edward Woodward, English actor (b. 1930)^[57]
• 2010  - Britton Chance, American biologist and sailor (b. 1913)
• 2010  - Ronni Chasen, American publicist (b. 1946)
• 2010  - Wyngard Tracy, Filipino DJ and talent manager (b. 1952)
• 2012  - John Chapman, Australian evangelist and academic (b. 1930)
• 2012  - Subhash Dutta, Bangladeshi actor and director (b. 1930)
• 2012  - Patrick Edlinger, French mountaineer (b. 1960)
• 2012  - Aliu Mahama, Ghanaian engineer and politician, 3rd Vice President of Ghana (b. 1946)
• 2012  - Eliyahu Nawi, Iraqi-Israeli lawyer, judge, and politician (b. 1920)
• 2012  - Bob Scott, New Zealand rugby player (b. 1921)
• 2013  - Robert Conley, American journalist (b. 1928)
• 2013  - Billy Hardwick, American bowler (b. 1941)
• 2013  - William McDonough Kelly, Canadian lieutenant and politician (b. 1925)
• 2013  - Tanvir Ahmad Khan, Indian-Pakistani diplomat, 19th Foreign Secretary of Pakistan (b. 1932)
• 2013  - Oscar Lanford, American mathematician and academic (b. 1940)
• 2013  - Arne Pedersen, Norwegian footballer and manager (b. 1931)
• 2013  - Louis D. Rubin, Jr., American author, critic, and academic (b. 1923)
• 2013  - Charles Waterhouse, American painter, sculptor, and illustrator (b. 1924)
• 2014  - Charles Champlin, American historian, author, and critic (b. 1926)
• 2014  - Jovan Ćirilov, Serbian poet and playwright (b. 1931)
• 2014  - Ian Craig, Australian cricketer (b. 1935)
• 2014  - Juan Joseph, American football player and coach (b. 1987)
• 2014  - Jadwiga Piłsudska, Polish soldier, pilot, and architect (b. 1920)
• 2014  - Carl Sanders, American soldier, pilot, and politician, 74th Governor of Georgia (b. 1925)
• 2015  - David Canary, American actor (b. 1938)
• 2015  - Michael C. Gross, American graphic designer and producer (b. 1945)
• 2015  - Bert Olmstead, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1926)
• 2015  - Alton D. Slay, American general (b. 1924)
• 2016  - Jay Wright Forrester, American computer engineer (b. 1918)
• 2016  - Melvin Laird, American politician and writer (b. 1922)
• 2016  - Daniel Prodan, Romanian football player (b. 1972)
• 2017  - Hiromi Tsuru, Japanese actress (b. 1960)
• 2017  - Ann Wedgeworth, American actress (b. 1934)
• 2018  - William Goldman, American novelist, playwright, and screenwriter (b. 1931)
• 2019  - John Campbell Brown, Scottish astronomer (b. 1947)
• 2019  - Terry O'Neill, British photographer (b. 1938)
• 2020  - Sheila Nelson, English string teacher (b. 1936)^[58]
• 2021  - Jyrki Kasvi, Finnish journalist and politician (b. 1964)^[59]
• 2022  - Robert Clary, French-American actor and author (b. 1926)^[60]
• 2024  - Vladimir Shklyarov, Russian ballet dancer (b. 1985)^[61]

Holidays and observances

• Christian feast day:
  • Africus
  • Agnes of Assisi
  • Edmund of Abingdon
  • Elfric of Abingdon
  • Eucherius of Lyon
  • Gertrude the Great (Roman Catholic Church)
  • Giuseppe Moscati
  • Gobrain
  • Hugh of Lincoln
  • Margaret of Scotland
  • Matthew the Evangelist (Eastern Christianity)
  • Othmar
  • Our Lady of the Gate of Dawn
    • • Roch Gonzalez, Juan de Castillo, and Alonso Rodriguez, SJ November 16 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Day of Declaration of Sovereignty (Estonia)
• Earliest day on which Day of Repentance and Prayer can fall, while November 22 is the latest; celebrated 11 days before Advent Sunday (Lutheran, Reformed (Calvinist) and United Protestant churches, Saxony, Bavaria), and its related observance:
  • Volkstrauertag (Germany)
• Icelandic Language Day or Dagur íslenskrar tungu (Iceland)
• International Day for Tolerance (United Nations)^[62]
• Statia Day in Sint Eustatius (Caribbean Netherlands)
• Intergenerational Fairness Day (International day of action for rights of younger and future generations)^{[63] [64] [65]}

External links

• Web site: On This Day . BBC.
  • Web site: Historical Events on November 16 . OnThisDay.com.

Notes and References

1. [Albert Hofmann]
2. Web site: Jussi-palkinnot vuonna 1944. Elokuvauutiset.fi. October 11, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161011230442/http://elokuvauutiset.fi/site/93-jussi-palkinnot/jussi-palkinnot/3326-jussi-palkinnot-vuonna-1944. October 11, 2016. dead. mdy-all.
3. Web site: UNESCO Definition, History, Members, & Facts . Encyclopedia Britannica . 26 November 2020 . en.
4. Web site: Monday 16 November 1959 . 27 July 2019 . aviation-safety.net . Aviation Safety Network.
5. Web site: ru:Катастрофа Ил-18В Уральского УГА в а/п Кольцово (Свердловск) . Il-18V crash of the Ural Civil Aviation Administration at Koltsovo airport (Sverdlovsk) . 7 December 2013 . Airdisaster.ru . ru.
6. Book: https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4208/ch17.htm . Living and Working in Space: A History of Skylab . The Last Mission . Benson . Charles Dunlap . Compton . William David . November 1981 . . 21 October 2021.
7. Web site: Federal Coordination And Compliance Section . 13 November 2000 . . 21 October 2021.
8. News: Horstman. Mark. 7 April 2003. The facts about SARS. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. live. 25 May 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20191224122800/http://www.abc.net.au/science/features/sars/outbreak.htm. 24 December 2019.
9. News: The kick that changed the game Down Under.. https://web.archive.org/web/20180513035503/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/the-kick-that-changed-the-game-down-under-2733096 . dead . May 13, 2018 . 2015 . 1 May 2021 . 1 . FIFA.
10. Web site: STS-129 . 2023-11-11 . NASA.
11. Web site: Liftoff! NASA's Artemis I Mega Rocket Launches Orion to Moon. 16 November 2022 . 16 November 2022.
12. Book: Tony Clunn. Quest for the Lost Roman Legions: Discovering the Varus Battlefield. 2009. Savas Beatie. 978-1-61121-008-8. 24–.
13. Encyclopedia: LOREDAN, Leonardo . Michela . Dal Borgo . Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani . it . 65 . 2005.
14. Book: Lorrayne Y. Baird-Lange. Thomas A. Copeland. Women in history, literature, and the arts: a festschrift for Hildegard Schnuttgen in honor of her thirty years of outstanding service at Youngstown State University. 1989. The University. 9780962314612.
15. Book: Diana Maury Robin. Anne R. Larsen. Carole Levin. Encyclopedia of Women in the Renaissance: Italy, France, and England. 2007. ABC-CLIO. 978-1-85109-772-2. 2–.
16. Book: M. Young. The Life and Times of Aonio Paleario: Or, A History of the Italian Reformers in the Sixteenth Century Illustrated by Original Letters and Unedited Documents. 1860. Bell and Daldy. 79–.
17. Book: Carole Levin. Anna Riehl Bertolet. Jo Eldridge Carney. A Biographical Encyclopedia of Early Modern Englishwomen: Exemplary Lives and Memorable Acts, 1500–1650. 2016. Taylor & Francis. 978-1-315-44071-2. 83–.
18. Web site: Sierva de Dios Georgina Josefa Febres Cordero Troconis. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20090627042258/http://oremosjuntos.com/SantoralLatino/GeorginaFebresCordero.html. 27 June 2009. 7 November 2017. Oremosjuntos.com.
19. Book: Andrews . B. G. . Turner, Charles Thomas (1862–1944) . Charles Thomas Turner (1862–1944) . Australian Dictionary of Biography . National Centre of Biography, Australian National University . 20 December 2021 . en.
20. Web site: Biography. Hindemith Foundation. 9 October 2018.
21. Book: Lindsay, Joan à Beckett (1896–1984). Terence O'Neill. Joan à Beckett Lindsay (1896–1984) . Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University . 9 October 2018.
22. Web site: Famous birthdays for Nov. 16: Missi Pyle, Marg Helgenberger . . 14 November 2023 . 16 November 2022.
23. News: Burgess Meredith dies at 89 . . September 10, 1997 . November 16, 2021.
24. Web site: 2015-05-06 . Ellen Albertini Dow, 'Wedding Singer's' rapping granny, dies at 101 . 2024-11-16 . Los Angeles Times . en-US.
25. News: Jean Fritz, Who Wrote History Books for Children, Dies at 101 . 16 Nov 2024 . NYTimes.
26. Web site: Barbara Smith, interviewed by Loretta Ross – Voices of Feminism Oral History Project.
27. Web site: Guillory . J. Anthony . Harvey Martin . . 14 November 2023 . 17 June 2013.
28. Web site: Union Notable – Andrea Barrett . 2010 . Union College . 9 October 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100528032649/http://www.union.edu/About/notables/profiles/barrett.php . 28 May 2010 . dead .
29. Web site: Guillermo Lasso: Primer presidente de derecha de Ecuador en 18 años. 12 April 2021.
30. Web site: Las trampas y echonerías de Esteban Trapiello. 2022-01-13. 13 February 2017. El Estímulo.
31. Book: Dwight Gooden. Ellis Henican. Doc: A Memoir. 2013. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 978-0-544-02702-2.
32. Web site: Rose . Mike . Today's famous birthdays list for November 16, 2022 includes celebrities Pete Davidson, Maggie Gyllenhaal . . . 14 November 2023 . 16 November 2022.
33. Web site: Sanna Marin. Britannica. November 16, 2021.
34. Web site: Omar Mateen had behavioral issues in school, records show. Gary. Detman. June 16, 2016. WPEC.
35. Web site: Pulse nightclub shooter Omar Mateen shot eight times, autopsy reveals. Jason. Sickles. August 5, 2016. yahoo!news.
36. Web site: Nemanja Gudelj. La Liga. 16 November 2024.
37. Web site: Marcelo Brozović. . 16 November 2023.
38. Web site: Shane Prince . . 14 November 2023.
39. Web site: C.J. Beathard . . 14 November 2023.
40. Web site: Nélson Semedo. Premier League. 16 November 2023.
41. Web site: Denzel Valentine . . 14 November 2023.
42. Web site: André Anguissa. Serie A. 16 November 2023.
43. Web site: Boulaye Dia. Soccerway. 16 November 2024.
44. Web site: Bruno Guimarães. Premier League. 16 November 2023.
45. Web site: Bol Bol . . 14 November 2023.
46. Web site: Mats Wieffer. Premier League. 16 November 2024.
47. Web site: Josh Green . . 14 November 2023.
48. Web site: Mason Ramsey . Apple Music . November 15, 2024.
49. Web site: Saint Margaret of Scotland queen of Scotland . Encyclopedia Britannica . 16 January 2020 . en.
50. Web site: Quatrain on Late Spring . 2022-01-02 . www.metmuseum.org.
51. Web site: BBC – History – Henry III . www.bbc.co.uk . 20 January 2020.
52. Encyclopedia: Vidal Castro. Francisco . Nasr. Diccionario Biográfico electrónico. Real Academia de la Historia. es.
53. Linebaugh, Peter. The London Hanged: Crime and Civil Society in the Eighteenth Century. Verso, 2003,
54. Book: Kändler, Tiit. Küllike. Lengi-Cooper. A Hundred Great Estonians of the 20th Century. Tallinn. Estonian Encyclopaedia Publishers. 2002. 52. 978-9-98570-103-4.
55. Web site: Clark Gable Biography, Movies, & Facts Britannica . www.britannica.com . 30 March 2022 . en.
56. Book: Karandikar, Shakuntala . Shakuntala Karandikar . 1992 . विश्वस्त . Viśvasta . mr . 1st . . Śrī Prakāśana . 9781532345012 . 2017322865 . 992168228 . . 128.
57. Web site: Woodward found fame playing tough-guy roles . The Independent . 25 February 2021 . en . 23 October 2011.
58. Web site: Sheila M Nelson (1936–2020). 2021-03-07. ESTA. en-US.
59. Kallionpää, Martta: Vihreiden entinen kansanedustaja Jyrki Kasvi on kuollut, Helsingin Sanomat 17 November 2021. Accessed on 17 November 2021.
60. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/robert-clary-dead-hogans-heroes-1235263555/ Robert Clary, Corporal LeBeau on ‘Hogan’s Heroes,’ Dies at 96
61. Web site: November 18, 2024 . Famed Russian ballet dancer Vladimir Shklyarov, 39, dies in fall from balcony in Saint Petersburg . November 20, 2024 . . en-US.
62. Web site: International Days . www.un.org . 2 January 2021 . en . 6 January 2015.
63. Web site: Podcast . www.buzzsprout.com . 18 November 2023 . en . 16 November 2023.
64. Web site: Generation Squeeze Press Conference . www.youtube.com . 18 November 2023 . en . 16 November 2023.
65. Web site: Announcement by Foundation for the Rights of Future Generations . www.intergenerationaljustice.org . 18 November 2023 . en . 16 November 2023.