1691 in science explained

The year 1691 in science and technology involved some significant events.

Biology

• Italian Jesuit scholar Filippo Bonanni publishes the results of his microscopic observations of invertebrates in Observationes circa Viventia, quae in Rebus non-Viventibus.

Mathematics

• Gottfried Leibniz discovers the technique of separation of variables for ordinary differential equations.
• Michel Rolle invents Rolle's theorem.

Medicine

• Anton Nuck's Adenographia curiosa et uteri foeminei anatome nova is published at Leiden, including a description of the canal of Nuck^[1] and a demonstration that the embryo is derived from the ovary and not the sperm.^[2]

Technology

• Edmond Halley devises a diving bell.^[3]
• In music, the "equal temperament scale" used in modern music is developed by organist Andreas Werckmeister.

Births

• November 18 – Mårten Triewald, Swedish mechanical engineer (died 1747)

Deaths

• January 17 – Richard Lower, English physician who performed the first direct blood transfusion (born 1631)
• December 31 – Robert Boyle, Anglo-Irish chemist (born 1627)^[4]

Notes and References

1. Web site: Ole Daniel. Enersen. Nuck's canal. Whonamedit?. 2012-10-15.
2. Book: Speert, Harold. Obstetric and Gynecologic Milestones. Macmillan. New York. 1958. 95–101.
3. Edmonds, Carl. Lowry, C.. Pennefather, John. History of diving. South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society Journal. 5. 2. 2011-06-17. 2010-10-14. https://web.archive.org/web/20101014013941/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/5894. dead.
4. Web site: Robert Boyle Biography, Contributions, Works, & Facts . Encyclopedia Britannica . 4 December 2020 . en.