1661 in England explained

Events from the year 1661 in England.

Incumbents

• Monarch – Charles II

Events

• 6 January – the Fifth Monarchists unsuccessfully attempt to seize control of London. George Monck's regiment defeats them.
• 30 January – the bodies of Oliver Cromwell, Henry Ireton, John Bradshaw and Thomas Pride are exhumed and subjected to a posthumous execution.^[1] Oliver Cromwell's head (with the others') is placed on a spike above the Palace of Westminster.
• 14 February – George Monck's regiment becomes The Lord General's Regiment of Foot Guards (which later becomes the Coldstream Guards).
• 15 April – the Savoy Conference of bishops and Presbyterians fails to agree on a new revision of the Prayer Book.^[1]
• 19 April – the Post Office introduces post marks.^[2]
• 23 April – Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland is crowned King in Westminster Abbey.^[3] A new St Edward's Crown is made for the occasion.
• 8 May – first meeting of the Cavalier Parliament.^[3]
• 5 June – Isaac Newton admitted to Trinity College, Cambridge.^[2]
• 23 June – Charles II signs a marriage treaty with Portugal. He will marry Catherine of Braganza; as part of the dowry, Portugal cedes Bombay and Tangier to England and grants free trade with Brazil and the East Indies.^[4]
• 28 June – Lisle's Tennis Court in Lincoln's Inn Fields, London is opened as a playhouse.^[3]
• 1 October – a yacht race from Greenwich to Gravesend between King Charles and James, Duke of York makes the sport fashionable.^[1]
• October
  • Collection of a "free and voluntary present" of cash for the King from householders commences.
  • King Charles II appoints Peter Lely as his court painter.^[3]
• December – convocations at Canterbury and York complete the new Anglican Prayer Book (forcibly imposed in 1662).^[1]
• 20 December – Parliament passes the Corporation Act 1661 restricting public office to members of the Church of England.^[3]

Publications

• Robert Boyle publishes The Sceptical Chymist in London, in which he developed the idea of elements and "corpuscles" (atoms).
• John Evelyn's pamphlet Fumifugium is one of the earliest descriptions of air pollution.^[5]

Births

• 21 January – Peter Le Neve, herald and antiquary (died 1729)
• 20 February – William Digby, 5th Baron Digby, politician (died 1752)
• 25 February – Anne Lennard, Countess of Sussex, née Palmer or FitzRoy, illegitimate daughter of Charles II (died 1721/2)
• 16 April – Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax, poet and statesman (died 1715)
• 7 May – George Clarke, politician and architect (died 1736)
• 11 August – William Churchill, politician (died 1737)
• 31 August – Charles Granville, 2nd Earl of Bath, diplomat (died 1701)
• 1 October – Sir Matthew Dudley, 2nd Baronet, Member of Parliament (died 1721)
• 22 October – Margaret Holles, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, noblewoman (d. 1717)
• 28 November – Edward Hyde, 3rd Earl of Clarendon, Governor of New York and New Jersey (died 1723)
• 3 December – Nathaniel Gould, politician (died 1728)
• 5 December – Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Mortimer, statesman (died 1724)
• date unknown
  • Samuel Garth, physician and poet (died 1719)
  • Nicholas Hawksmoor, architect (died 1736)
  • Charles Paulet, 2nd Duke of Bolton, supporter of William III of Orange (died 1722)

Deaths

• 19 January – Thomas Venner, Fifth Monarchist (executed) (year of birth unknown)^[6]
• 1 March – Richard Zouch, jurist (born 1590)
• 7 April – William Brereton, soldier and politician (born 1604)
• 16 August – Thomas Fuller, churchman and historian (born 1608)
• 19 November – Brian Walton, clergyman and scholar (born 1600)

Notes and References

1. Book: Palmer, Alan. Palmer. Veronica. 1992. The Chronology of British History. Century Ltd. London. 188–189. 0-7126-5616-2.
2. Book: Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 0-14-102715-0. 2006.
3. Book: Williams, Hywel. Cassell's Chronology of World History. London. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 2005. 0-304-35730-8. 269–270.
4. Web site: S. M.. Wynne. Catherine (1638–1705). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. 2004. 2012-06-04. 10.1093/ref:odnb/4894.
5. The London Encyclopaedia, Ben Weinreb & Christopher Hibbert, Macmillan, 1995,
6. Web site: Thomas Venner . www.britishmuseum.org . 20 November 2022.